Ultrafast heterogeneous electron transfer reactions Comparative theoretical studies on time and frequency domain data

Recent theoretical studies on linear absorption spectra of dye semiconductor systems perylene attached to nanostructured TiO2, L. Wang et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 9589 2005 are extended here in different respects. Since the systems show ultrafast photoinduced heterogeneous electron transfer the time dependent formulation used to compute the absorbance is also applied to calculate the temporal evolution of the sub 100 fs charge injection dynamics after a 10 fs laser pulse excitation. These studies complement our recent absorption spectra fit for two perylene bridge anchor group TiO2 systems. Moreover, the time dependent formulation of the absorbance is confronted with a frequency domain description. The latter underlines the central importance of the self energy caused by the coupling of the dye levels to the semiconductor band continuum. The used model is further applied to study the effect of different parameters such as 1 the dependence on the reorganization energies of the involved intramolecular transitions, 2 the effect of changing the transfer integral which couples the excited dye state with the band continuum, and 3 the effect of the concrete form of the semiconductor band density of states. Emphasis is also put on the case where the charge injection level of the dye is near or somewhat below the band edge. This nicely demonstrates the change from a structureless absorption to a well resolved vibrational progression including characteristic shifts of the absorption lines which are a direct measure for the dye semiconductor couplin

Serum uromodulin and progression of kidney disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

Abstract Background Uromodulin is specifically synthesized and secreted by kidney tubular epithelial cells. Studies on the association of serum uromodulin and outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate whether serum uromodulin was associated with outcomes of patients with CKD. Methods We measured serum uromodulin concentrations by ELISA in 2652 CKD patients from the Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease (C-STRIDE) and investigated the association of serum uromodulin with outcomes of CKD patients, including end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving kidney replacement therapy, cardiovascular events and mortality by Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results A total of 2652 CKD patients were enrolled in this study, with an age of 48.7 ± 13.8 years and the baseline eGFR of 49.6 ± 29.4 mL/min/1.73 m2, of whom 58.4% were male. The median level of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and serum uromodulin was 473.7 mg/g (IQR 134.1–1046.6 mg/g) and 77.2 ng/mL (IQR 48.3–125.9 ng/mL), respectively. Altogether, 404 ESKD, 189 cardiovascular events, and 69 deaths occurred during the median follow-up of 53.6 (IQR 44.0–64.0) months. Lower levels of serum uromodulin were independently associated with higher risk of incident ESKD after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, with the hazard ratios (HRs) of 3.23 (95% confidence intervals [CIs] 2.15–4.85) for the middle tertile and 7.47 (95% CI 5.06–11.03) for the bottom tertile, compared with top tertile and 0.31 (95% CI 0.25–0.38) per every standard deviation increase. After further adjustment for the baseline eGFR, the association was greatly attenuated, but still significant, with HRs of 1.92 (95% CI 1.26–2.90) for the bottom tertile compared with top tertile and 0.69 (95% CI 0.55–0.86) per every standard deviation increase. Conclusions Serum uromodulin is independently associated with an increased risk of incident ESKD in CKD patients.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146520/1/12967_2018_Article_1693.pd

The Underpricing of Venture Capital Backed IPOs in China

This paper measures the influence of venture capital (VC) on IPO valuations in China. It is found that the authentication effect is dominated by the grandstanding effect, suggesting that VC firms in China greatly value their reputations. It is also shown that the market-specific characteristics of non-VC-backed firms are more closely related to their initial returns, compared to those of VC-backed firms. In addition, corporate fundamentals play a more important role in the valuation for VC-backed firms than for non-VC-backed firms

The Underpricing of Venture Capital Backed IPOs in China

This paper measures the influence of venture capital (VC) on IPO valuations in China. It is found that the authentication effect is dominated by the grandstanding effect, suggesting that VC firms in China greatly value their reputations. It is also shown that the market-specific characteristics of non-VC-backed firms are more closely related to their initial returns, compared to those of VC-backed firms. In addition, corporate fundamentals play a more important role in the valuation for VC-backed firms than for non-VC-backed firms

N′-[(5-Methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(thio­phen-2-yl)methyl­idene]benzohydrazide

In the title compound, C22H18N4O2S, the seven-membered ring generated by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond adopts an envelope conformation in both of the two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into C(9) chains along [100] by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The mol­ecules are also weakly linked by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N inter­actions, forming dimers with edge-connected R 2 2(9) rings. The dimers are inter­linked by further weak C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into chains along [010]

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and incident end-stage renal disease in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease: results from the Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease (C-STRIDE)

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to end-stage renal failure and cardiovascular events. An attribute to these progressions is abnormalities in inflammation, which can be evaluated using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). We aimed to investigate the association of NLR with the progression of end stage of renal disease (ESRD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in Chinese patients with stages 1–4 CKD. Methods Patients with stages 1–4 CKD (18–74 years of age) were recruited at 39 centers in 28 cities across 22 provinces in China since 2011. A total of 938 patients with complete NLR and other relevant clinical variables were included in the current analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the association between NLR and the outcomes including ESRD, CVD events or all-cause mortality. Results Baseline NLR was related to age, hypertension, serum triglycerides, total serum cholesterol, CVD history, urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), hyperlipidemia rate, diabetes, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The study duration was 4.55 years (IQR 3.52–5.28). Cox regression analysis revealed an association of NLR and the risk of ESRD only in patients with stage 4 CKD. We did not observe any significant associations between abnormal NLR and the risk of either CVD or all-cause mortality in CKD patients in general and CKD patients grouped according to the disease stages in particular. Conclusion Our results suggest that NLR is associated with the risk of ESRD in Chinese patients with stage 4 CKD. NLR can be used in risk assessment for ESRD among patients with advanced CKD; this application is appealing considering NLR being a routine test. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03041987. Registered January 1, 2012. (retrospectively registered) ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03041987?term=Chinese+Cohort+Study+of+Chronic+Kidney+Disease+%28C-STRIDE%29&rank=1 )https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148285/1/12967_2019_Article_1808.pd

Interactions between oxidative stress and senescence in cancer: Mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives

BACKGROUND: Recently, numerous studies have reported the interaction between senescence and oxidative stress in cancer. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the precise mechanisms involved. AIM: Therefore, our review aims to summarize the current findings and elucidate by presenting specific mechanisms that encompass functional pathways, target genes, and related aspects. METHODS: Pubmed and Web of Science databases were retrieved to search studies about the interaction between senescence and oxidative stress in cancer. Relevant publications in the reference list of enrolled studies were also checked. RESULTS: In carcinogenesis, oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence acts as a barrier against the transformation of stimulated cells into cancer cells. However, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is positively linked to tumorigenesis. In the cancer progression stage, targeting specific genes or pathways that promote oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence can suppress cancer progression. In terms of treatment, many current clinical therapies combine with novel drugs to overcome resistance and reduce side effects by attenuating oxidative stress-induced senescence. Notably, emerging drugs control cancer development by enhancing oxidative stress-induced senescence. These studies highlight the complacted effects of the interplay between oxidative stress and senescence at different cancer stages and among distinct cell populations. Future research should focus on characterizing the roles of distinct senescent cell types in various tumor stages and identifying the specific components of SASP. CONCLUSION: We've summarized the mechanisms of senescence and oxidative stress in cancer and provided illustrative figures to guide future research in this area

The path to healthy ageing in China: a Peking University–Lancet Commission

Key messages • China has the world's largest older population; achieving healthy ageing is necessary for China to reap positive benefits from increased longevity and to reduce potential economic and social burdens that could accompany rapid population ageing // • As non-communicable diseases become a greater concern, it is important for policy to promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles and behaviours to improve health status at older ages // • China's health-care delivery system needs to notably strengthen primary health care and move towards integrated delivery to improve access and quality of care for older patients // • China has successfully reduced old-age dependency by pushing for age-friendly communities and home environments; however, more improvements are necessary to prevent a substantial increase in the number of people needing care // • China's social and demographic changes necessitate finding substitutes to family-based care and helping families take care of their older members; to that end, China needs to train and retain a new cadre of home care workers, nurses, social workers, and geriatricians // • China's public health insurance and long-term care insurance should move towards national-level risk pooling to reduce inequality in benefits and facilitate the mobility of older peopl

Seasonality of the transmissibility of hand, foot and mouth disease: a modelling study in Xiamen City, China.

This study attempts to figure out the seasonality of the transmissibility of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). A mathematical model was established to calculate the transmissibility based on the reported data for HFMD in Xiamen City, China from 2014 to 2018. The transmissibility was measured by effective reproduction number (Reff) in order to evaluate the seasonal characteristics of HFMD. A total of 43 659 HFMD cases were reported in Xiamen, for the period 2014 to 2018. The median of annual incidence was 221.87 per 100 000 persons (range: 167.98/100,000-283.34/100 000). The reported data had a great fitting effect with the model (R2 = 0.9212, P < 0.0001), it has been shown that there are two epidemic peaks of HFMD in Xiamen every year. Both incidence and effective reproduction number had seasonal characteristics. The peak of incidence, 1-2 months later than the effective reproduction number, occurred in Summer and Autumn, that is, June and October each year. Both the incidence and transmissibility of HFMD have obvious seasonal characteristics, and two annual epidemic peaks as well. The peak of incidence is 1-2 months later than Reff

Optomechanical effects in nanocavity-enhanced resonant Raman scattering of a single molecule

In this paper, we address the optomechanical effects in surface-enhanced resonant Raman scattering (SERRS) from a single molecule in a nanoparticle on mirror (NPoM) nanocavity by developing a quantum master-equation theory, which combines macroscopic quantum electrodynamics and electron-vibration interaction within the framework of open quantum system theory. We supplement the theory with electromagnetic simulations and time-dependent density functional theory calculations in order to study the SERRS of a methylene blue molecule in a realistic NPoM nanocavity. The simulations allow us not only to identify the conditions to achieve conventional optomechanical effects, such as vibrational pumping, nonlinear scaling of Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering, but also to discovery distinct behaviors, such as the saturation of exciton population, the emergence of Mollow triplet side bands, and higher-order Raman scattering. All in all, our study might guide further investigations of optomechanical effects in resonant Raman scattering.This work is supported by the Projects No. 12004344 and No. 21902148 from the National Nature Science Foundation of China, joint Project No. 21961132023 from the NSFC-DPG, Project No. PID2019-107432GB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and Grant No. IT1526-22 for consolidated groups of the Basque University, through the Department of Education, Research, and Universities of the Basque Government.Peer reviewe