1,539 research outputs found
Rapport final de la Collaboration CERN-CNRS pour la construction du LHC: Accord Technique d'Exécution No 2 Cryostats et assemblage des sections droites courtes (SSS) du LHC
Depuis 1995 et suite à la signature du protocole de Collaboration, le CERN, le CEA et le CNRS ont étroitement collaboré dans le cadre de la contribution exceptionnelle de la France à la construction du LHC. Pour le CNRS, l'Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay a pris en charge deux Accords Techniques d'Exécution. Le premier concerne la conception et l'assemblage des Sections Droites Courtes de la machine, et le deuxième, l'étalonnage des thermomètres cryogéniques du LHC. Dans le cadre de l'Accord Technique d'Exécution N°2, le Bureau d'Etudes de la Division Accélérateur de l'IPNO et le groupe AT-CRI du CERN ont travaillé de concert pour mener à bien la conception des SSS (Short Straight Section) et de tous les équipements nécessaires à l'assemblage. Ce rapport a donc pour objectif de dresser, en termes d'historique, d'organisation, de résultats quantitatifs et qualitatifs et de moyens mis en ?uvre, un tableau aussi complet que possible du déroulement de cette Collaboration entre le CERN et le CNRS
Generic algorithms as a tool in the study of aperiodic order, with application to the case of X-ray diffraction spectra of GaAs-AlAs multilayer heterostructures
fichier pdf déposé avec l'aimable autorisation de EdP sciences donnée à l'un des auteurs (Françoise Axel)International audienceWe present the first application of genetic algorithms to the analysis of data froma an aperiodically ordered system, high resolution X-ray diffraction spectra from multilayer heterostructures arranged according to a deterministic or random scheme. This method paves the way to the solution of the "inverse problem", that is the retrieval of the generating disorder from the investigation of th espectra of an unknown sample having non crystallographic, non quasi-crystallographic order
Tariff optimization in Networks
We consider the problem of determining a set of optimal tariffs for an agent in the network, who owns a subset of all the arcs, and who receives revenue by setting the tariffs on the arc he owns. Multiple rational clients are active in the network, who route their demands on the cheapest paths from source to destination. The cost of a path is determined by fixed costs and tariffs on the arcs of the path.We introduce a remodeling of the network, using shortest paths. We develop three algorithms, a path oriented mixed integer program and a known arc oriented mixed integer program. Combined with reduction methods this remodeling enables us to solve the problem to optimality, for quite large instances. We provide computational results for the methods developped and compare them with the results of the arc oriented mixed integer programming formulation of the problem, applied to the original network.Economics ;
Disorder and Sorption Preferences in a Highly Stable Fluoride- Containing Rare-Earth fcu-Type Metal−Organic Framework
Rare-earth (RE) metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) synthesized in the
presence of fluorine-donating modulators or linkers are an important new subset of
functional MOFs. However, the exact nature of the REaXb core of the molecular building
block (MBB) of the MOF, where X is a μ2 or 3-bridging group, remains unclear.
Investigation of one of the archetypal members of this family with the stable fcu
framework topology, Y-fum-fcu-MOF (1), using a combination of experimental
techniques, including high-field (20 T) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy, has determined two sources of framework disorder involving the μ3-X
face-capping group of the MBB and the fumarate (fum) linker. The core of the MBB of 1
is shown to contain a mixture of μ3-F− and (OH)− groups with preferential occupation at the crystallographically different facecapping
sites that result in different internally lined framework tetrahedral cages. The fum linker is also found to display a disordered
arrangement involving bridging− or chelating−bridging bis-bidentate modes over the fum linker positions without influencing the
MBB orientation. This linker disorder will, upon activation, result in the creation of Y3+ ions with potentially one or two additional
uncoordinated sites possessing differing degrees of Lewis acidity. Crystallographically determined host−guest relationships for
simple sorbates demonstrate the favored sorption sites for N2, CO2, and CS2 molecules that reflect the chemical nature of both the
framework and the sorbate species with the structural partitioning of the μ3-groups apparent in determining the favored sorption site
of CS2. The two types of disorder found within 1 demonstrate the complexity of fluoride-containing RE-MOFs and highlight the
possibility to tune this and other frameworks to contain different proportions and segregations of μ3-face-capping groups and degrees
of linker disorder for specifically tailored applications.EPSRC and the University of
Manchester for the award of a DTG PhD studentship (EPSRC
EP/R513131/1) and funding the dual source Rigaku FR-X
diffractometer (EPSRC EP/P001386/1)Henry Royce Institute, funded through
EPSRC grants EP/R00661X/1, EP/P025021/1, and EP/P025498/1EPSRC and BBSRC (EP/T015063/1)University of WarwickBirmingham Science City Advanced
Materials Projects 1 and 2 supported by Advantage West
Midlands (AWM) and the European Regional Development
Fund (ERDF
A New Solution to the Relative Orientation Problem using only 3 Points and the Vertical Direction
This paper presents a new method to recover the relative pose between two
images, using three points and the vertical direction information. The vertical
direction can be determined in two ways: 1- using direct physical measurement
like IMU (inertial measurement unit), 2- using vertical vanishing point. This
knowledge of the vertical direction solves 2 unknowns among the 3 parameters of
the relative rotation, so that only 3 homologous points are requested to
position a couple of images. Rewriting the coplanarity equations leads to a
simpler solution. The remaining unknowns resolution is performed by an
algebraic method using Grobner bases. The elements necessary to build a
specific algebraic solver are given in this paper, allowing for a real-time
implementation. The results on real and synthetic data show the efficiency of
this method
In gas laser ionization and spectroscopy experiments at the Superconducting Separator Spectrometer (S3): Conceptual studies and preliminary design
International audienceThe results of preparatory experiments and the preliminary designs of a new in-gas laser ionization and spectroscopy setup, to be coupled to the Super Separator Spectrometer S3 of SPIRAL2-GANIL, are reported. Special attention is given to the development and tests to carry out a full implementation of the in-gas jet laser spectroscopy technique. Application of this novel technique to radioactive species will allow highsensitivity and enhanced-resolution laser spectroscopy studies of ground- and excited-state properties of exotic nuclei
Community annotation and bioinformatics workforce development in concert—Little Skate Genome Annotation Workshops and Jamborees
Recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have equipped biologists with a powerful new set of tools for advancing research goals. The resulting flood of sequence data has made it critically important to train the next generation of scientists to handle the inherent bioinformatic challenges. The North East Bioinformatics Collaborative (NEBC) is undertaking the genome sequencing and annotation of the little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) to promote advancement of bioinformatics infrastructure in our region, with an emphasis on practical education to create a critical mass of informatically savvy life scientists. In support of the Little Skate Genome Project, the NEBC members have developed several annotation workshops and jamborees to provide training in genome sequencing, annotation and analysis. Acting as a nexus for both curation activities and dissemination of project data, a project web portal, SkateBase (http://skatebase.org) has been developed. As a case study to illustrate effective coupling of community annotation with workforce development, we report the results of the Mitochondrial Genome Annotation Jamborees organized to annotate the first completely assembled element of the Little Skate Genome Project, as a culminating experience for participants from our three prior annotation workshops. We are applying the physical/virtual infrastructure and lessons learned from these activities to enhance and streamline the genome annotation workflow, as we look toward our continuing efforts for larger-scale functional and structural community annotation of the L. erinacea genome
Reproductive Strategy of the Giant Electric Ray in the Southern Gulf of California
The objective of the present study was to describe and characterize macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the reproductive biology of the Giant Electric Ray Narcine entemedor, a viviparous elasmobranch targeted by commercial fishers in Mexico. A total of 305 individual rays were captured (260 females, 45 males); all males were sexually mature. The median size at maturity for females was estimated to be 58.5 cm TL, the median size at pregnancy was 63.7 cm TL, and the median size at maternity was 66.2 cm TL. The range of ovarian follicles recorded per female was 1–69; the maximum ovarian fecundity of fully grown vitellogenic oocytes was 17, and uterine fecundity ranged from 1 to 24 embryos per female. The lengths of the oblong ovarian follicles varied significantly among months, and the largest ovarian follicles were found in July, August, and September. Median embryo size was largest in August, and the size at birth was between 12.4 and 14.5 cm TL. Histological evidence of secretions from the glandular tissue of the uterine villi indicate that this species probably has limited histotrophy as a reproductive mode. Vitellogenesis in the ovary occurred synchronously with gestation in the uterus. The Giant Electric Ray has a continuous annual reproductive cycle; a period of ovulation occurs between May and September and two peaks of parturition, one in January and one in August, occur, suggesting that embryonic diapause occurs in some individuals. These results provide useful information for the management of this important commercial species in BahÃa de La Paz, Mexico, and will allow possible modification of the current Mexican regulations to enable better protection of this species
Tuning Curvature and Stability of Monoolein Bilayers by Designer Lipid-Like Peptide Surfactants
This study reports the effect of loading four different charged designer lipid-like short anionic and cationic peptide surfactants on the fully hydrated monoolein (MO)-based Pn3m phase (Q224). The studied peptide surfactants comprise seven amino acid residues, namely A6D, DA6, A6K, and KA6. D (aspartic acid) bears two negative charges, K (lysine) bears one positive charge, and A (alanine) constitutes the hydrophobic tail. To elucidate the impact of these peptide surfactants, the ternary MO/peptide/water system has been investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), within a certain range of peptide concentrations (R≤0.2) and temperatures (25 to 70°C). We demonstrate that the bilayer curvature and the stability are modulated by: i) the peptide/lipid molar ratio, ii) the peptide molecular structure (the degree of hydrophobicity, the type of the hydrophilic amino acid, and the headgroup location), and iii) the temperature. The anionic peptide surfactants, A6D and DA6, exhibit the strongest surface activity. At low peptide concentrations (R = 0.01), the Pn3m structure is still preserved, but its lattice increases due to the strong electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged peptide molecules, which are incorporated into the interface. This means that the anionic peptides have the effect of enlarging the water channels and thus they serve to enhance the accommodation of positively charged water-soluble active molecules in the Pn3m phase. At higher peptide concentration (R = 0.10), the lipid bilayers are destabilized and the structural transition from the Pn3m to the inverted hexagonal phase (H2) is induced. For the cationic peptides, our study illustrates how even minor modifications, such as changing the location of the headgroup (A6K vs. KA6), affects significantly the peptide's effectiveness. Only KA6 displays a propensity to promote the formation of H2, which suggests that KA6 molecules have a higher degree of incorporation in the interface than those of A6K
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