526 research outputs found
Electromagnetic multipole moments of elementary spin-1/2, 1, and 3/2 particles
We study multipole decompositions of the electromagnetic currents of
spin-1/2, 1, and 3/2 particles described in terms of Lagrangians designed to
reproduce representation specific wave equations which are second order in the
momenta and which emerge within the recently elaborated Poincar\'e covariant
projector method. We calculate the electric multipoles of the above spins for
the spinor, the four-vector, and the four-vector--spinor representations,
attend to the most general non-Lagrangian spin-3/2 currents which are allowed
by Lorentz invariance to be of third order in the momenta and construct the
linear current equivalent of identical multipole moments of one of them. We
conclude that such non-Lagrangian currents are not necessarily more general
than the two-term currents emerging within the covariant projector method. We
compare our results with those of the conventional Proca-, and Rarita-Schwinger
frameworks. Finally, we test the representation dependence of the multipoles by
placing spin-1 and spin-3/2 in the respective (1,0)(0,1), and
(3/2,0)(0,3/2) single-spin representations. We observe representation
independence of the charge monopoles and the magnetic dipoles, in contrast to
the higher multipoles, which turn out to be representation dependent. In
particular, we find the bi-vector to be characterized by an
electric quadrupole moment of opposite sign to the one found in ,
and consequently, to the boson. Our finding points toward the possibility
that the meson could transform as part of an antisymmetric tensor with
an meson-like state as its representation companion.Comment: 27 pages, 2 figure
Feasibility study of positive gauging systems. Phase 2 - Design and analysis
Resonant infrasonic gauging system investigated for Apollo project propulsion syste
Diabetes Numeracy: An overlooked factor in understanding racial disparities in glycemic control
OBJECTIVE:
Understanding the reasons and eliminating the pervasive health disparities in diabetes is a major research, clinical, and health policy goal. We examined whether health literacy, general numeracy, and diabetes-related numeracy explain the association between African American race and poor glycemic control (A1C) in patients with diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:
Adults with type 2 diabetes (n = 383) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study at primary care and diabetes clinics at three medical centers. Data collected included the following: self-reported race, health literacy, general numeracy, diabetes-related numeracy, A1C, and sociodemographic factors. A series of structural equation models were estimated to explore the interrelations between variables and test for mediation.
RESULTS:
In model 1, younger age (r = -0.21, P < 0.001), insulin use (r = 0.27, P < 0.001), greater years with diabetes (r = 0.16, P < 0.01), and African American race (r = 0.12, P < 0.01) were all associated with poorer glycemic control. In model 2, diabetes-related numeracy emerged as a strong predictor of A1C (r = -0.46, P < 0.001), reducing the association between African American and poor glycemic control to nonsignificance (r = 0.10, NS). In model 3, African American race and older age were associated with lower diabetes-related numeracy; younger age, insulin use, more years with diabetes, and lower diabetes-related numeracy were associated with poor glycemic control.
CONCLUSIONS:
Diabetes-related numeracy reduced the explanatory power of African American race, such that low diabetes-related numeracy, not African American race, was significantly related to poor glycemic control. Interventions that address numeracy could help to reduce racial disparities in diabetes
Knowledge, attitudes and practice of breast cancer screening among female health workers in a Nigerian urban city
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Late presentation has been observed as the hallmark of breast cancer in Nigerian women and an earlier onset has been reported in this population. This study was designed to assess the awareness of female health workers about risk factors and screening methods for early detection of breast cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among female health workers in the two major government health institutions in Benin City, Edo State capital in Nigeria.</p> <p>Data analysis was by SPSS version 10 and test of significance was done with differences considered significant at p < 0.05.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Three hundred and ninety-three (393) female health workers out of five hundred and five eligible subjects completed and returned the questionnaires, giving a response rate of 77.8%. One hundred and two (26%) were Doctors, two hundred and fifty-four (64.6%) Nurses, and thirty-seven (9.4%) were Radiographers, Laboratory Scientists and Pharmacists. A high proportion of our respondents had very poor knowledge about risk factors for breast cancer (55%). The awareness of mammography as a diagnostic method was very high (80.7%), but an extremely low knowledge of mammography as a screening method was found. Mammography practice of only 3.1% was found among those above 40 years of age who qualify for routine annual screening. Relatively low knowledge (45.5%) about Breast Self Examination (BSE) as a screening method was found.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These female health workers who are expected to act as role models and educate the public had poor knowledge of risk factors for breast cancer and practice of breast cancer screening. There is very urgent need for regular update courses for health workers concerning breast cancer education including screening methods.</p
Effective Lagrangian Approach to the Theory of Eta Photoproduction in the Region
We investigate eta photoproduction in the resonance region
within the effective Lagrangian approach (ELA), wherein leading contributions
to the amplitude at the tree level are taken into account. These include the
nucleon Born terms and the leading -channel vector meson exchanges as the
non-resonant pieces. In addition, we consider five resonance contributions in
the - and - channel; besides the dominant , these are:
and . The amplitudes for the
and the photoproduction near threshold have significant
differences, even as they share common contributions, such as those of the
nucleon Born terms. Among these differences, the contribution to the
photoproduction of the -channel excitation of the is the most
significant. We find the off-shell properties of the spin-3/2 resonances to be
important in determining the background contributions. Fitting our effective
amplitude to the available data base allows us to extract the quantity
, characteristic of the
photoexcitation of the resonance and its decay into the
-nucleon channel, of interest to precise tests of hadron models. At the
photon point, we determine it to be from
the old data base, and from a
combination of old data base and new Bates data. We obtain the helicity
amplitude for to be from the old data base, and from the combination of the old data base and new Bates
data, compared with the results of the analysis of pion photoproduction
yielding , in the same units.Comment: 43 pages, RevTeX, 9 figures available upon request, to appear in
Phys. Rev.
Joint multi-field T1 quantification for fast field-cycling MRI
Acknowledgment This article is based upon work from COST Action CA15209, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Oliver Maier is a Recipient of a DOC Fellowship (24966) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Medical Engineering at TU Graz. The authors would like to acknowledge the NVIDIA Corporation Hardware grant support.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Poly[ethylenediammonium [tris[μ3-hydrogenphosphato(2−)]dicadmium] monohydrate]
The title compound, {(C2H10N2)[Cd2(HPO4)3]·H2O}n, was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The structure of this hybrid compound consists of CdO6, CdO5 and PO4 polyhedra arranged so as to build an anionic inorganic layer, namely [Cd2(HPO4)3]2−, parallel to the ab plane. The edge-sharing CdO6 octahedra form infinite chains running along the a axis and are linked by CdO5 and PO4 polyhedra. The ethylenediammonium cation and the water molecule are located between two adjacent inorganic layers and ensure the cohesion of the structure via N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds
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