Effects Of Roasted Yam ( Discorea Rotundata Poir.) On Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility And Other Haematologic Values In Male Albino Rats

The effects of roasted yam ( Discorea rotundata Poir.) were studied on some hematologic parameters in male albino rats. Twenty four (24) adult male rats were divided into three groups of eight rats per group. Group I served as the control group, in which the rats were given normal rat chow. Group II rats served as the sham control and received normal rat chow mixed with 25% of finely ground yam, while group III served as experimental group and received normal rat chow mixed with 25% of finely ground roasted yam. At the end of the experimental period (6 weeks), animals in all the groups were sacrificed and blood samples were taken for the determination of red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and packed cell volume (PCV) and erythrocyte osmotic fragility. It was observed that roasted yam ingestion reduced RBC count, PCV, and Hb concentration while it increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility rats (p<0.05). Ingestion of non-roasted yam did not have effect on the measured hematologic parameters. It is therefore concluded that ingestion of roasted yam might have a deleterious effect on some hematologic parameters

Omega-3 fatty acid ameliorates bisphenol F-induced testicular toxicity by modulating Nrf2/NFkB pathway and apoptotic signaling

IntroductionBisphenol F (BPF) has been shown to disrupt testicular functions via perturbation of testicular redox balance, while omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) has been established to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, this study focused on the role and associated molecular mechanism of O3FA in BPF-induced testicular dysfunction in male Wistar rats.MethodsTwenty-four (24) rats were randomly grouped after two weeks of acclimatization into four (4) groups (n=6/group); the vehicle-treated control group, BPF treated group received 30 mg/kg of BPF, and the intervention groups received 30 mg/kg BPF + 100 mg/kg O3FA (BPF+O3FA-L) and 30 mg/kg BPF + 300 mg/kg of O3FA (BPF+O3FA-H). All treatment lasted for 28 days.ResultsLow and high doses of O3FA ameliorated BPF-impaired sperm quality, and induced hormonal imbalance, accompanied by a distortion in testicular histology and elevated testicular injury markers. Furthermore, co-administration of BPF with both doses of O3FA blunted BPF-induced redox imbalance, inflammatory response, and apoptosis.DiscussionsIn conclusion, our present findings show that O3FA improves testicular functions in BPF-treated rats by improving sperm quality and reproductive hormones via the maintenance of testicular redox balance

Effects of Aqueous Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum on Haematological Oarameters of Wistar Rats

The effect of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum on hematological parameters of Wister rats was studied. Twenty five rats with weight ranging between 100-160g were used. The rats were divided into five groups; with group one as the control group. Increasing doses (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6g kg-1 body weight) of the extract were administered orally to the other four groups for a period of four weeks. Significant (P< 0.05) decreases in the level of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and other hematological parameters were observed

Melatonin ameliorates ketoconazole-induced increase in thyroid function

Background The antithyroid effect of ketoconazole has been reported. The secretion and action of melatonin in the thyroid gland are also known. However, the possible effect of melatonin on ketoconazole-induced antithyroid effect is unknown. Objective We sought to investigate the modulatory effect of ketoconazole and/or melatonin on thyroid function in female rats. Methods Groups 1-4 of female rats respectively underwent 14-day treatment with normal saline, 25 mg/kg ketoconazole, 4 mg/kg melatonin and 10 mg/kg melatonin. Groups 5 and 6 both received 14-day treatment with ketoconazole and were respectively treated with 4 mg/kg melatonin and 10 mg/kg melatonin simultaneously. Groups 7 and 8 respectively underwent 14-day pretreatment with 4 mg/kg melatonin and 10 mg/kg melatonin, followed by 14-day administration of ketoconazole to both groups. Groups 9 and 10 were both treated with ketoconazole for 14 days, followed by respective 14-day administration of 4 mg/kg melatonin and 10 mg/kg melatonin. Results TSH, T3, T4, and iodine concentrations were increased by separate administration of ketoconazole and either dose of melatonin when compared to control. However, pre-treatment or post-treatment of ketoconazole-treated rats with melatonin abolished the ketoconazole-induced increase in TSH, T3, T4, and iodine while co-administration of ketoconazole with melatonin caused no improvement in the ketoconazole-induced increase in TSH, T3, and T4 except iodine concentration. Conclusion Ketoconazole increased thyroid function, which was ameliorated by pre- or post-treatment with melatonin, possibly via modulation of the iodination process. Keywords: Iodine; Ketoconazole; Melatonin; Thyroid function; Toxicit

Omega 3 fatty acid improves sexual and erectile function in BPF-treated rats by upregulating NO/cGMP signaling and steroidogenic enzymes activities

Abstract Bisphenol F (BPF) is an environmental pollutant that has been implicated in sexual dysfunction. Omega 3 fatty acid (O3FA), on the other hand, is an antioxidant with the ability to improve fertility indices. However, no study has explored the possible ameliorative effect of O3FA on BPF-induced sexual dysfunction. Thus, the effect of BPF and/or O3FA on male sexual performance was investigated. Male Wistar rats were randomized into 6 groups, corn oil-treated, O3FA low and high dose (100 and 300 mg/kg), BPF-treated, BPF + O3FA low and BPF + O3FA high dose. BPF significantly impaired male sexual competence, evidenced by a reduction in motivation to mate, prolonged mount, intromission and ejaculation latency, and post-ejaculatory index. Furthermore, a reduction in mount, intromission, and ejaculation frequency were observed. Also, BPF caused a decrease in gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, nitric oxide (NO) cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), dopamine, and acetylcholine esterase. Furthermore, it was accompanied by a significant increase in prolactin and estrogen and poor pregnancy outcomes. These observed BPF-led alterations were abolished by O3FA administration. This study showed that O3FA ameliorates BPF-induced sexual dysfunction by upregulating NO/cGMP signaling and steroidogenic enzymes activities

Diclofenac – induced hepatotoxicity: Low dose of omega-3 fatty acids have more protective effects

The global embrace of the Western dietary style has necessitated the need for supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (N-3) to redress the imbalance in omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids ratio. Therefore, the study investigated the effects of pre-treatment with N-3 in adult male Wistar rats exposed to diclofenac sodium (DF). Twenty adult male Wistar rats were used for this study. They were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each, which included: Group 1 - Normal control; Group 2 - DF control; Group 3 - Low N-3 + DF; and, Group 4 - High N-3 + DF. The rats in group 2 were administered DF (10 mg/kg b.w./day, im) during the last 7 days of the experiment, while the rats in groups 3 and 4 were pre-treated with N-3 at 100 and 300 mg/kg b.w./day, po respectively for 21 days, afterwards, they received DF at 10 mg/kg b.w./day (im) for 7 days. The result showed that DF significantly increased malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, and pro-inflammatory markers (total white blood cell count, uric acid, platelet/lymphocyte and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios). Moreover, DF significantly elevated the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, but, significant reduced the total antioxidant capacity and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. The histological results were parallel to the biochemical and haematological findings. Pre-treatment with N-3 significantly prevented the manifestation of the abnormalities brought about by DF. Although there were indications of the dose-dependent effects of N-3, the low dose was found to be more effective. In conclusion, the pre-administration of N-3, preferably at a low dose, could reduce hepatotoxicity that could result from subsequent exposure to DF. Keywords: Omega-3 fatty acids, Hepatoprotective, Diclofenac, Inflammation, Oxidative stres

Image_1_Omega-3 fatty acid ameliorates bisphenol F-induced testicular toxicity by modulating Nrf2/NFkB pathway and apoptotic signaling.jpeg

IntroductionBisphenol F (BPF) has been shown to disrupt testicular functions via perturbation of testicular redox balance, while omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) has been established to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, this study focused on the role and associated molecular mechanism of O3FA in BPF-induced testicular dysfunction in male Wistar rats.MethodsTwenty-four (24) rats were randomly grouped after two weeks of acclimatization into four (4) groups (n=6/group); the vehicle-treated control group, BPF treated group received 30 mg/kg of BPF, and the intervention groups received 30 mg/kg BPF + 100 mg/kg O3FA (BPF+O3FA-L) and 30 mg/kg BPF + 300 mg/kg of O3FA (BPF+O3FA-H). All treatment lasted for 28 days.ResultsLow and high doses of O3FA ameliorated BPF-impaired sperm quality, and induced hormonal imbalance, accompanied by a distortion in testicular histology and elevated testicular injury markers. Furthermore, co-administration of BPF with both doses of O3FA blunted BPF-induced redox imbalance, inflammatory response, and apoptosis.DiscussionsIn conclusion, our present findings show that O3FA improves testicular functions in BPF-treated rats by improving sperm quality and reproductive hormones via the maintenance of testicular redox balance.</p

Spermatotoxic effects of galactose and

While numerous studies have documented the ovotoxic effect of galactose, few available studies on male gonad are of the opinion that it seems to fully escape the toxic effects galactose exerts on the ovary. The present study was therefore designed to further investigate the effects of galactose on male sperm parameters and some reproductive hormones. Thirty male albino rats (200–250 g) were randomly divided in a blinded fashion into 6 groups (n = 5). Group A received normal saline and served as control. Groups B, C, D, E and F received 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg of galactose respectively through oral gavage for 42 days. The results showed that chronic administration of galactose promotes sperm toxicity by reducing epididymal sperm count, motility and percentage of morphologically normal sperm. Moreover, galactose increased luteinizing hormone but slightly decreased testosterone and had no effect on follicle stimulating hormone. Galactose also caused a slight decrease in superoxide dismutase and increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity but no effect on catalase. The present study thus showed that chronic administration of galactose could promote sperm toxicity which could be mediated partly by oxidative stress. Moreover, the response of the hormones is similar to that in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in female galactosemic model

Effects Of Roasted Yam ( Discorea Rotundata Poir.) On Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility And Other Haematologic Values In Male Albino Rats

The effects of roasted yam ( Discorea rotundata Poir.) were studied on some hematologic parameters in male albino rats. Twenty four (24) adult male rats were divided into three groups of eight rats per group. Group I served as the control group, in which the rats were given normal rat chow. Group II rats served as the sham control and received normal rat chow mixed with 25% of finely ground yam, while group III served as experimental group and received normal rat chow mixed with 25% of finely ground roasted yam. At the end of the experimental period (6 weeks), animals in all the groups were sacrificed and blood samples were taken for the determination of red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and packed cell volume (PCV) and erythrocyte osmotic fragility. It was observed that roasted yam ingestion reduced RBC count, PCV, and Hb concentration while it increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility rats (p<0.05). Ingestion of non-roasted yam did not have effect on the measured hematologic parameters. It is therefore concluded that ingestion of roasted yam might have a deleterious effect on some hematologic parameters

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Urinary Testosterone Excretion in Men

Cigarette smoking is a major public health problem that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and concentration of testosterone in the urine. Forty young men age between 23 to 31 years were used for this study. The subjects were divided into two groups of 20 controls (non-cigarette smoker) and 20 experimental groups (cigarette smoker). 5ml of mid-stream urine was collected from each subject at 0700 hour and urine testosterone concentration was estimated using enzyme immunoassay method. The result showed that the urinary testosterone concentration of non-cigarette smokers was 4.35±0.52 ng/ml, while the concentration in cigarette smokers was 2.81±0.38 ng/ml with p<0.01. It is concluded that cigarette smoking reduced urinary testosterone concentration among cigarette smokers