O narcotráfico como crime organizado: compreendendo o fenômeno sob a perspectiva transnacional e multidimensional

Drug trafficking is deemed an illegal activity and a national security concern for many states. However, it becomes more complex and difficult to fight as it adapts and expands worldwide. This article provides the state of the art in drug trafficking from various perspectives to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon that operates beyond national borders. First, it demonstrates that drug trafficking works in a global framework; therefore, it analyzes and reviews the literature to identify the factors that drive drug trafficking globally with intertwined dynamics. Second, it endeavors to delve into the transnational notion of how drug trafficking operates and posits the need for a broad, comprehensive description of the multidimensional perspective, establishing the seven dimensions of globalization.El narcotráfico se considera una actividad ilegal y una preocupación de seguridad nacional para muchos Estados. Sin embargo, se vuelve más complejo y difícil de combatir a medida que se adapta y se expande en el mundo. Este artículo desarrolla un estado del arte sobre el narcotráfico desde diferentes perspectivas con el fin de profundizar en la comprensión de este fenómeno que opera más allá de las fronteras nacionales. El primer aspecto para demostrar es que el narcotráfico funciona en un marco global; por ello, analiza y revisa la literatura para identificar los factores que impulsan el narcotráfico en un contexto global con dinámicas entrelazadas. En segundo lugar, hace un gran esfuerzo al profundizar la noción trasnacional de cómo opera el narcotráfico y plantea la necesidad de una descripción integral y amplia de la perspectiva multidimensional, en la que se establecen siete dimensiones de un contexto de globalización.O narcotráfico é considerado uma atividade ilegal e uma preocupação de segurança nacional para muitos Estados. Contudo, torna-se mais complexo e difícil de combater à medida que é adaptado e expandido no mundo. Neste artigo, desenvolve-se um estado da arte sobre o narcotráfico sob diferentes perspectivas a fim de aprofundar na compreensão desse fenômeno que opera para mais além das fronteiras nacionais. O primeiro aspecto para demonstrar é que o narcotráfico funciona em um âmbito global. Por isso, analisa e revisa a literatura para identificar os fatores que impulsionam o narcotráfico num contexto global com dinâmicas relacionadas. Em segundo lugar, faz-se um grande esforço para aprofundar a noção transnacional de como o narcotráfico opera e propõe-se a necessidade de uma descrição integral e ampla da perspectiva multidimensional, na qual são estabelecidas sete dimensões de um contexto de globalização

A new species of the genus Halicyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae) from freshwater in Central Vietnam

A new cyclopoid species belonging to the genus Halicyclops, H. songsonensis sp. nov. is described from freshwater in Son river, Quang Binh province, Central Vietnam. The new species is distinguished from the other congeners species of the genus by a combination of the having 3:4:4:3 spine formula on P1-P4, lateral angular protuberances on the genital double-somite, a serrate hyaline frill of pre-anal somite little more developed than lateral and ventral parts, relatively long caudal rami, spiniform seta of proximalmost seta on P2-P3 Enp3 and showing the round/oval integumental window on cephalothorax and two next prosomites

Influence Of Fabrication Condition on the Microstructural and Optical Properties of Lead-Free Ferroelectric Bi0.5_{0.5}Na0.5_{0.5}TiO3_{3} Materials

Lead-free ferroelectric materials have attracted considerable attention due to the increasing potential application in environmental benign materials. Among lead-free ferroelectric materials, the Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) materials were more studied because it exhibited the good ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties which could be promising candidate materials replacing Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. In this work, the lead-free ferroelectric BNT materials were synthesized by sol-gel method. The effects of fabrication process to microstructural and optical properties were studied which includes Na precursor concentration and calcining temperature. The result indicated that the Na precursor concentration were higher 40 mol.% and the calcining temperature

Two decades of studies on learning management system in higher education: A bibliometric analysis with Scopus database 2000-2020

Over the past twenty years, using learning management systems in higher education has attracted increasing interest from researchers around the globe. In this context, the current study aimed to explore the volume, growth trajectory, and geographic distribution of learning management systems in higher education literature, along with identifying impactful authors, sources, and publications, and highlight emerging research issues. The authors conducted bibliometric analysis on 1334 documents, related to the use of learning management systems in the context of higher education, extracted from Scopus database. The findings show a rapidly growing knowledge base on learning management systems in higher education, especially intensely in the years 2015-2020 and primarily from research in developed societies. This flourishing is consistent with the development trend of international education and the strong development of technology. In addition, the core literature was identified based on the volume of publications and citations. The results also reveal the emerging intellectual structure of the field and provide points of reference for scholars studying the discipline. This paper offers a knowledge map for future research assessments of learning management systems in higher education

An Improved MobileNet for Disease Detection on Tomato Leaves

Tomatoes are widely grown vegetables, and farmers face challenges in caring for them, particularly regarding plant diseases. The MobileNet architecture is renowned for its simplicity and compatibility with mobile devices. This study introduces MobileNet as a deep learning model to enhance disease detection efficiency in tomato plants. The model is evaluated on a dataset of 2,064 tomato leaf images, encompassing early blight, leaf spot, yellow curl, and healthy leaves. Results demonstrate promising accuracy, exceeding 0.980 for disease classification and 0.975 for distinguishing between diseases and healthy cases. Moreover, the proposed model outperforms existing approaches in terms of accuracy and training time for plant leaf disease detection

A moving element method using timoshenko’s beam theory for dynamic analysis of train-track systems

The paper presents a dynamic analysis of train-track systems supported by viscoelastic foundations by combining Timoshenko’s beam theory and moving element method (MEM). In the proposed method, a three-node beam element is utilized to get a high order approximation for the deflection of Timoshenko beam. The reduced integral method is applied in order to avoid the shear-locking phenomenon when computing the shear strain energy of the rail beam. In addition, the behavior of train-track system with respect to time is deduced by using Newmark’s constant acceleration method. Numerical results show that the proposed method is free of shear locking and gives a good agreement with Koh et al.’s method using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory

Radicular cyst in a primary molar following pulp therapy with gutta percha : a case report and literature review

A radicular cyst (RC) in deciduous dentition is relatively rare. This clinical report presents a case of RC that condition derived from a primary molar undergone an endodontic treatment with gutta-percha approximately one year ago. In addition, we also considered whether intracanal medicaments and gutta-percha filling material related to the formation and development of the cyst or not

Magnetic Properties of FePt Nanoparticles Prepared by Sonoelectrodeposition

Sonoelectrodeposition is a useful technique to make metallic nanoparticles, using ultrasound during electrodeposition to remove nanoparticles as they grow on the cathode surface. This paper reports some structural and magnetic properties of FePt nanoparticles prepared by this method. The as-prepared Fe45Pt55 nanoparticles were ferromagnetic at room temperature. Upon annealing at 700°C for 1 h under H2 atmosphere, the saturation magnetization and the coercivity of the nanoparticles were improved significantly. The annealed nanoparticles showed a high coercivity of 13.5 kOe at 2 K and of 9 kOe at room temperature. Sonoelectrodeposition is a promising technique to make large quantity of FePt nanoparticles