2,508 research outputs found
A bicentennial agenda for America
A commencement address is presented. Topics reviewed include politics, technological developments in science as a whole, and the effects of science on human progress. The social ramifications of satellite technology are also reviewed
Ion sense of polarization of the electromagnetic wave field in the electron whistler frequency band
International audienceIt is shown that the left-hand (or ion-type) sense of polarization can appear in the field interference pattern of two plane electron whistler waves. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the ion-type polarized wave electric fields can be accompanied by the presence at the same observation point of electron-type polarized wave magnetic fields. The registration of ion-type polarized fields with frequencies between the highest ion gyrofrequency and the electron gyrofrequency in a cold, overdense plasma is a sufficient indication for the existence of an interference wave pattern, which can typically occur near artificial or natural reflecting magnetospheric plasma regions, inside waveguides (as in helicon discharges, for example), in fields resonantly emitted by beams of charged particles or, in principle, in some self-sustained, nonlinear wave field structures. A comparison with the conventional spectral matrix data processing approach is also presented in order to facilitate the calculations of the analyzed polarization parameters
Modification of the standard model for the lanthanides
We show that incorporation of strong electron correlations into the Kohn-Sham
scheme of band structure calculations leads to a modification of the standard
model of the lanthanides and that this procedure removes the existing
discrepancy between theory and experiment concerning the ground state
properties. Within the picture suggested, part of the upper Hubbard -band is
occupied due to conduction band--mixing interaction (that is renormalized
due to correlations) and this contributes to the cohesive energy of the
crystal. The lower Hubbard band has zero width and describes fermionic
excitations in the shell of localized -s. Fully self-consistent calculations
(with respect to both charge density and many-electron population numbers of
the -shell) of the equilibrium volume and the bulk modulus of selected
lanthanides have been performed and a good agreement is obtained.Comment: 1 fi
Herschel and Odin observations of H2O, CO, CH, CH+, and NII in the barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365. Bar-induced activity in the outer and inner circumnuclear tori
The Odin satellite is now into its twentieth year of operation, much
surpassing its design life of two years. One of its major pursuits was the
search for and study of H2O in the Solar System and the Milky Way galaxy.
Herschel has observed the central region of NGC 1365 in two positions, and both
its SPIRE and PACS observations are available in the Herschel Science Archive.
Herschel PACS images have been produced of the 70 and 160 micron infrared
emission from the whole galaxy, and also of the cold dust distribution as
obtained from the ratio of the 160 to 70 micron images. The Herschel SPIRE
observations have been used to produce maps of the 557 GHz o-H2O, 752 GHz
p-H2O, 691 GHz CO(6-5), 1037 GHz CO(9-8), 537 GHz CH, 835 GHz CH+, and the 1461
GHz NII lines; however, these observations have no effective velocity
resolution. Odin has recently observed the 557 GHz o-H2O ground state line in
the central region with high (5 km/s) spectral resolution. The emission and
absorption of H2O at 557 GHz, with a velocity resolution of 5 km/s, has been
marginally detected in NGC 1365 with Odin. The H2O is predominantly located in
a shocked 15" (1.3 kpc) region near some central compact radio sources and
hot-spot HII regions, close to the northeast component of the molecular torus
surrounding the nucleus. An analysis of the H2O line intensities and velocities
indicates that a shock-region is located here. This is corroborated by a
statistical image deconvolution of our SEST CO(3-2) observations, yielding 5"
resolution, and a study of our VLA HI absorption observations. Additionally, an
enticing 20" HI ridge is found to extend south-southeast from the nucleus,
coinciding in position with the southern edge of an OIII outflow cone,
emanating from the nucleus. The molecular chemistry of the shocked central
region is analyzed with special emphasis on the CO, H2O and CH, CH+ results.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figure
Schizophrenia, recovery and the self: An introduction to the special issue on metacognition
In this special issue, work is presented linking metacognition among persons with schizophrenia with a range of psychosocial outcomes including vocational functioning, empathy, motivation, self-evaluation, and other cognitive functions. This overview will highlight how these works allow for the quantitative study of processes which underpin alterations in self-experience in schizophrenia, which in turn allows self-experience to be studied as part of a larger set of brain-based and social phenomena whose interaction influences the trajectory of one's life and illness. We explore the hypothesis that metacognitive capacity, as a node in a larger biopsychosocial network, may be accessible by psychosocial treatment and, if successfully targeted, may disrupt the processes which perpetuate disability. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed
Struggling and Overcoming Daily Life Barriers Among Children With Congenital Heart Disease and Their Parents in the West Bank, Palestine
Advances in early diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative care have resulted
in increased survival rates among children with congenital heart disease
(CHD). Research focus has shifted from survival to long-term follow-up,
well-being, daily life experiences, and psychosocial consequences. This study
explored the everyday experiences of children with CHD and of their
parents living in the Palestinian West Bank. Interviews with nine children
aged 8 to 18 years with CHD and nine parents were analyzed using content analysis. The overall theme that emerged was facing and managing challenges,
consisting of four themes: sociocultural burden and finding comfort, physical
and external limitations, self-perception and concerns about not standing
out, and limitations in access to health care due to the political situation. To
provide optimum care for children with CHD and their parents, health care
providers and policy makers must understand the negative consequences
associated with sociocultural conditions and beliefs about chronic illness.Acknowledgments
We would like to thank all of the participants of this research. It was their willingness
to share their experiences and insights that made this study possible.
Funding
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication
of this article
Societal Norms and Conditions and Their Influence on Daily Life in ChildrenWith Type 1 Diabetes in the West Bank in Palestine
Purpose: To explore the experiences of daily life in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their parents living in
the West Bank in Palestine.
Design andMethods: A qualitative study using thematic interviewswas performed with 10 childrenwith T1D and
their parents (n = 10). Content analysis was performed with the assistance of NVIVO 10.
Results: The overall themewas facing the social reality of diabetes. Thiswas underpinned by two themes: stigmatization
and social constraints. Facing the social reality of diabetes described children and their parents' everyday
life attempts to place themselves within the context of the disease and social context. Children and their parents
described how stigmatization and social constraints impacted their daily life as a result of fear of disclosing the
disease, which could affect their social status.
Conclusion: These findings highlighted how daily life in children with T1D and their parents was highly affected
by cultural impacts, especially as stigma related to the illness affected social interactions of female and male children/
adolescents. Lack of knowledge andmisunderstandings about T1D in society lead to negative consequences
like poorer management of diabetes, and this becomes mediated by gender.
Practical Implications: The findings suggest health care providers need to be aware of the cultural and social impact
of T1D on children's and parents' daily life in order to meet their needs and challenges by providing appropriate
interventions, strategies and support.This research did not received any specific grant from funding
agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors
Self-Perceived Health Status and Sense of Coherence in Children With Type 1 Diabetes in the West Bank, Palestine
Introduction: Self-perceived health status and sense of coherence (SOC) are essential constructs for capturing health
outcomes in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study measured self-perceived health status and SOC in children with
T1D and compared them with a healthy reference group in West Bank, Palestine. Methodology: One hundred children
with T1D aged 8 to 18 years and 300 healthy children completed PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and SOC-13 in a crosssectional
descriptive study. Results: All children reported acceptable self-perceived health status and low degree of SOC. In
the diabetes group, high degree of SOC was associated with better self-perceived health status and more optimal metabolic
control. Males in the diabetes group reported higher self-perceived health status than females. Discussion: The unstable
political situation in Palestine may threaten SOC in children in general. Health professionals can monitor self-perceived health
status and SOC to evaluate interventions aiming to improve glycemic control.We gratefully thank all the children for their participation and the
nurses who assisted in data collection
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Lunar elemental composition and ivestigations with D-CIXS x-ray mapping spectrometer on SMART-1
The D-CIXS Compact X-ray Spectrometer on ESA SMART-1 successfully launched in Sept 2003 can derive 45 km resolution images of the Moon with a spectral resolution of 185 eV, providing the first high-resolution global map of rock forming element abundances
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