Cleaning ability of chlorhexidine gel and sodium hypochlorite associated or not with EDTA as root canal irrigants: a scanning electron microscopy study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel (CHX) compared to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) associated or not with 17% EDTA used as irrigants during the biomechanical preparation. Fifty freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth with complete apex formation were randomly divided into five groups: G1 - sterile saline, G2 - 2.5% NaOCl, G3 - 2% CHX, G4 - 2.5% NaOCl + EDTA and G5 - 2% CHX + EDTA. The specimens of G1 were subdivided into two control groups. The teeth were decoronated and the coronal and middle root thirds were prepared with Gates-Glidden burs, and the apical third was reserved to manual instrumentation. All procedures were performed by a single operator. In all groups, 2 mL of irrigant was delivered between each file change. The teeth were sectioned and prepared for analyses under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM micrographs were graded according to a score scale by two examiners. Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests at 1% significance level. The best results were obtained in the groups in which the irrigant was used followed by the chelating agent. No statistically significant difference was observed among G4, G5 and the positive control group (

Avaliação do conhecimento dos estudantes de Graduação em Odontologia sobre os medicamentos Bisfosfonatos e suas implicações no tratamento odontológico: estudo em uma subpopulação / Evaluation of the knowledge of dentistry undergraduate students about Bisphosphonates drugs and their implications in dental treatment: evaluation of a subpopulation

INTRODUÇÃO: Os bisfosfonatos (BFs) têm sido empregados no tratamento de doenças que ocasionam perda de massa óssea, pois reduzem a ação dos osteoclastos, diminuindo assim o remodelamento ósseo e aumentando a mineralização e a matriz óssea. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o conhecimento de graduandos sobre o uso dos BFs e suas implicações no tratamento odontológico. MÉTODOS: Um questionário estruturado foi aplicado simultaneamente e com impossibilidade de consulta a dois grupos de estudantes: G1- 5º período; G2- 10º período. RESULTADOS: Todos os estudantes afirmaram conhecer os BFs e as possíveis reações adversas do seu uso; 33,33% relataram ter atendido algum paciente que fazia uso de BFs. A totalidade de G1 afirmou saber a quais tipos de morbidades esse medicamento é indicado, já em G2 15% relataram não saber. A morbidade mais indicada foi a osteoporose (85,83%). Quanto aos procedimentos que devem ser evitados, os mais assinalados foram implantes (78,33%) e extrações (74,16%). Em relação a consequência do desrespeito às contraindicações, 89,16% responderam osteonecrose dos ossos maxilares. Quanto à forma de administração que mais se relaciona com efeitos adversos na cavidade bucal a mais assinalada em G1 foi via oral (43,33%); G2 via endovenosa (60%). No tocante a identificação dos BFs o mais identificado foi o Alendronato (70,83%). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apontam conhecimento satisfatório dos acadêmicos sobre os BFs, todavia, pequena confusão existiu quanto às indicações destes fármacos, além da osteoporose, e quanto aos tratamentos odontológicos contraindicados; apenas o BF mais divulgado foi identificado pela maioria da amostra

Evaluation of Physical-Mechanical properties of different Bulk-Fill composites / Avaliação das propriedades Físico-Mecânicas de diferentes compósitos Bulk-Fill

The aim of the study was to assess the degree of conversion (DC), microhardness, polymerization shrinkage stress (PSS) and volumetric contraction of two bulk-fill composites (SonicFill, Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA, USA - (SF) and Filtek BulkFill, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA - (FB)) and one conventional nanofiller resin composite (Z350XT – 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) inserted incrementally (Z350I) or in bulk (Z350B). Micro-Raman spectroscopy, Knoop microhardness, PSS test and micro-computed tomography technique (?CT) were used to evaluate the resin composites. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (? = 0.05). DC was not affected by the type of the composite, excepted when conventional resin composite was inserted in a single increment (p = 0.002). FB and Z350I showed higher microhardness values than Z350B (p = 0,003), while SF showed no statistically significant difference to the other resin composites. No statistical differences were found among the composites regarding to PSS (p = 0.104) and volumetric shrinkage (p = 0.258). Therefore, it can be concluded that bulk-fill and conventional resin composites tested present similar properties. Thus, shorter time required for the use associated with simplified operative technique are considered clinical advantages of bulk-fill composites

Accuracy of five electronic foramen locators with different operating systems: an ex vivo study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate, ex vivo, the precision of five electronic root canal length measurement devices (ERCLMDs) with different operating systems: the Root ZX, Mini Apex Locator, Propex II, iPex, and RomiApex A-15, and the possible influence of the positioning of the instrument tips short of the apical foramen. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-two mandibular bicuspids had their real canal lengths (RL) previously determined. Electronic measurements were performed 1.0 mm short of the apical foramen (-1.0), followed by measurements at the apical foramen (0.0). The data resulting from the comparison of the ERCLMD measurements and the RL were evaluated by the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Considering the measurements performed at 0.0 and -1.0, the precision rates for the ERCLMDs were: 73.5% and 47.1% (Root ZX), 73.5% and 55.9% (Mini Apex Locator), 67.6% and 41.1% (Propex II), 61.7% and 44.1% (iPex), and 79.4% and 44.1% (RomiApex A-15), respectively, considering ±0.5 mm of tolerance. Regarding the mean discrepancies, no differences were observed at 0.0; however, in the measurements at -1.0, the iPex, a multi-frequency ERCLMD, had significantly more discrepant readings short of the apical foramen than the other devices, except for the Propex II, which had intermediate results. When the ERCLMDs measurements at -1.0 were compared with those at 0.0, the Propex II, iPex and RomiApex A-15 presented significantly higher discrepancies in their readings. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of the present study, all the ERCLMDs provided acceptable measurements at the 0.0 position. However, at the -1.0 position, the ERCLMDs had a lower precision, with statistically significant differences for the Propex II, iPex, and RomiApex A-15

In situ evaluation of secondary caries inhibition promoted by self-etch adhesive systems containing antibacterial agents

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoOs sistemas adesivos atuais apresentam resultados satisfatÃrios no que concerne à adesÃo ao esmalte e à dentina, entretanto, a maior causa de falhas em restauraÃÃes estÃticas ainda à a ocorrÃncia de recidiva de cÃrie ao longo de suas margens. Desta forma, este estudo avaliou a aÃÃo de sistemas adesivos com flÃor e/ou com um novo monÃmero, brometo de metacriloiloxidodecilpiridinio (MDPB) na composiÃÃo microbiolÃgica do biofilme dental e no processo de desmineralizaÃÃo do esmalte adjacente à restauraÃÃo de resina composta, mediante um delineamento in situ, cruzado e duplo-cego. Durante duas fases de 14 dias, dez voluntÃrios utilizaram dispositivos palatinos, contendo, cada um, quatro blocos de esmalte dental humano, restaurados extra-oralmente com resina composta Z250 e um dos seguintes sistemas adesivos: Adperâ Single Bond 2 (condicionamento total, G1), All-Bond SEâ (autocondicionante, G2), One-Up Bond F Plus (autocondicionante com flÃor, G3) e Clearfil Protect Bond (autocondicionante com flÃor e MDPB, G4). Os voluntÃrios foram aleatoriamente divididos entre os grupos, sendo que os que receberam os sistemas adesivos referentes aos grupos G1 e G2, na 1 fase, receberam os tratamentos referentes aos grupos G3 e G4 na 2 fase e vice-versa. Todos os voluntÃrios foram instruÃdos a gotejar sobre os blocos, oito vezes por dia, uma soluÃÃo de sacarose a 20%, simulando um desafio cariogÃnico, e a utilizar um dentifrÃcio fluoretado padronizado trÃs vezes por dia na higienizaÃÃo dentÃria. ApÃs o tÃrmino de cada fase o biofilme formado sobre cada bloco foi coletado e utilizado para a contagem de estreptococos totais, estreptococos mutans e lactobacilos. A perda de mineral foi analisada por meio do teste de microdureza em corte longitudinal do esmalte adjacente à restauraÃÃo. Aplicou-se a anÃlise de variÃncia, ANOVA, nÃo sendo observada diferenÃa estatisticamente significante para a composiÃÃo microbiolÃgica ou desmineralizaÃÃo do esmalte entre os adesivos estudados. Concluiu-se que a incorporaÃÃo de MDPB e/ou flÃor nos sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes nÃo foi capaz, nas condiÃÃes deste estudo, de prevenir a ocorrÃncia da cÃrie secundÃria.Contemporary adhesives systems present satisfactory bonding to enamel and dentin. However, replacement of the restorations due to secondary caries formation is still a major problem and of great concern in Dentistry. Thus, this study assessed in situ the effects of adhesive systems containing or not fluoride and/or the antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) on the microbiological composition of dental biofilm and on enamel demineralization. During two phases of 14 days each, ten volunteers wore palatal appliances containing four human enamel slabs, which were extra-orally restored using a resin composite (Z250 3M-ESPE) and one of the following adhesive systems: Adperâ Single Bond 2 (total etch, G1); All-Bond SEâ (self-etch, G2); One-Up Bond F Plus (self-etch containing fluoride G3) and Clearfil Protect Bond (self-etch containing fluoride and MDPB, G4). The volunteers were randomly allocated to treatments, and those who received G1 and G2 in the first phase received G3 and G4 in the second one, and vice versa. The volunteers were asked to drop a 20% sucrose solution onto the slabs eight times per day and to use fluoridated dentifrice 3 times per day. The biofilm formed on the slabs was analyzed with regard to total and mutans streptococci as well as lactobacilli counts. Demineralization was determined on enamel around the restorations by cross-sectional microhardness. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance, ANOVA. No differences were found for microbiological composition or enamel demineralization among the studied adhesive systems. It can be concluded that that fluoride or MDPB addition to adhesives systems presented no effect in controlling caries around resin restorations in this in situ model

Accuracy of five electronic foramen locators with different operating systems: an ex vivo study

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate, ex vivo, the precision of five electronic root canal length measurement devices (ERCLMDs) with different operating systems: the Root ZX, Mini Apex Locator, Propex II, iPex, and RomiApex A-15, and the possible influence of the positioning of the instrument tips short of the apical foramen. Material and Methods: Forty-two mandibular bicuspids had their real canal lengths (RL) previously determined. Electronic measurements were performed 1.0 mm short of the apical foramen (-1.0), followed by measurements at the apical foramen (0.0). The data resulting from the comparison of the ERCLMD measurements and the RL were evaluated by the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests at a significance level of 5%. Results: Considering the measurements performed at 0.0 and -1.0, the precision rates for the ERCLMDs were: 73.5% and 47.1% (Root ZX), 73.5% and 55.9% (Mini Apex Locator), 67.6% and 41.1% (Propex II), 61.7% and 44.1% (iPex), and 79.4% and 44.1% (RomiApex A-15), respectively, considering ±0.5 mm of tolerance. Regarding the mean discrepancies, no differences were observed at 0.0; however, in the measurements at -1.0, the iPex, a multi-frequency ERCLMD, had significantly more discrepant readings short of the apical foramen than the other devices, except for the Propex II, which had intermediate results. When the ERCLMDs measurements at -1.0 were compared with those at 0.0, the Propex II, iPex and RomiApex A-15 presented significantly higher discrepancies in their readings. Conclusions: Under the conditions of the present study, all the ERCLMDs provided acceptable measurements at the 0.0 position. However, at the -1.0 position, the ERCLMDs had a lower precision, with statistically significant differences for the Propex II, iPex, and RomiApex A-15

Accuracy of five electronic foramen locators with different operating systems: na ex vivo study

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate, ex vivo, the precision of five electronic root canal length measurement devices (ERCLMDs) with different operating systems: the Root ZX, Mini Apex Locator, Propex II, iPex, and RomiApex A-15, and the possible influence of the positioning of the instrument tips short of the apical foramen. Material and Methods: Forty-two mandibular bicuspids had their real canal lengths (RL) previously determined. Electronic measurements were performed 1.0 mm short of the apical foramen (-1.0), followed by measurements at the apical foramen (0.0). The data resulting from the comparison of the ERCLMD measurements and the RL were evaluated by the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests at a significance level of 5%. Results: Considering the measurements performed at 0.0 and -1.0, the precision rates for the ERCLMDs were: 73.5% and 47.1% (Root ZX), 73.5% and 55.9% (Mini Apex Locator), 67.6% and 41.1% (Propex II), 61.7% and 44.1% (iPex), and 79.4% and 44.1% (RomiApex A-15), respectively, considering ±0.5 mm of tolerance. Regarding the mean discrepancies, no differences were observed at 0.0; however, in the measurements at -1.0, the iPex, a multi-frequency ERCLMD, had significantly more discrepant readings short of the apical foramen than the other devices, except for the Propex II, which had intermediate results. When the ERCLMDs measurements at -1.0 were compared with those at 0.0, the Propex II, iPex and RomiApex A-15 presented significantly higher discrepancies in their readings. Conclusions: Under the conditions of the present study, all the ERCLMDs provided acceptable measurements at the 0.0 position. However, at the -1.0 position, the ERCLMDs had a lower precision, with statistically significant differences for the Propex II, iPex, and RomiApex A-15