676 research outputs found
Visual Query Tuning: Towards Effective Usage of Intermediate Representations for Parameter and Memory Efficient Transfer Learning
Intermediate features of a pre-trained model have been shown informative for
making accurate predictions on downstream tasks, even if the model backbone is
kept frozen. The key challenge is how to utilize these intermediate features
given their gigantic amount. We propose visual query tuning (VQT), a simple yet
effective approach to aggregate intermediate features of Vision Transformers.
Through introducing a handful of learnable ``query'' tokens to each layer, VQT
leverages the inner workings of Transformers to ``summarize'' rich intermediate
features of each layer, which can then be used to train the prediction heads of
downstream tasks. As VQT keeps the intermediate features intact and only learns
to combine them, it enjoys memory efficiency in training, compared to many
other parameter-efficient fine-tuning approaches that learn to adapt features
and need back-propagation through the entire backbone. This also suggests the
complementary role between VQT and those approaches in transfer learning.
Empirically, VQT consistently surpasses the state-of-the-art approach that
utilizes intermediate features for transfer learning and outperforms full
fine-tuning in many cases. Compared to parameter-efficient approaches that
adapt features, VQT achieves much higher accuracy under memory constraints.
Most importantly, VQT is compatible with these approaches to attain even higher
accuracy, making it a simple add-on to further boost transfer learning.Comment: Accepted by CVPR 2023. Cheng-Hao Tu and Zheda Mai contributed equally
to this wor
Robust Reinforcement Learning through Efficient Adversarial Herding
Although reinforcement learning (RL) is considered the gold standard for
policy design, it may not always provide a robust solution in various
scenarios. This can result in severe performance degradation when the
environment is exposed to potential disturbances. Adversarial training using a
two-player max-min game has been proven effective in enhancing the robustness
of RL agents. In this work, we extend the two-player game by introducing an
adversarial herd, which involves a group of adversaries, in order to address
() the difficulty of the inner optimization problem, and
() the potential over pessimism caused by the selection of a
candidate adversary set that may include unlikely scenarios. We first prove
that adversarial herds can efficiently approximate the inner optimization
problem. Then we address the second issue by replacing the worst-case
performance in the inner optimization with the average performance over the
worst- adversaries. We evaluate the proposed method on multiple MuJoCo
environments. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach consistently
generates more robust policies
Effective crowd anomaly detection through spatio-temporal texture analysis
Abnormal crowd behaviors in high density situations can pose great danger to public safety. Despite the extensive installation of closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras, it is still difficult to achieve real-time alerts and automated responses from current systems. Two major breakthroughs have been reported in this research. Firstly, a spatial-temporal texture extraction algorithm is developed. This algorithm is able to effectively extract video textures with abundant crowd motion details. It is through adopting Gabor-filtered textures with the highest information entropy values. Secondly, a novel scheme for defining crowd motion patterns (signatures) is devised to identify abnormal behaviors in the crowd by employing an enhanced gray level co-occurrence matrix model. In the experiments, various classic classifiers are utilized to benchmark the performance of the proposed method. The results obtained exhibit detection and accuracy rates which are, overall, superior to other techniques
A General Procedure for the Regioselective Synthesis of Aryl Thioethers and Aryl Selenides Through C–H Activation of Arenes
A general procedure for the synthesis of aryl thioethers and aryl selenides in one-pot through sequential iridium-catalyzed C–H borylation and copper-promoted C–S and C–Se bond formation is described. Functional groups including chloro, nitro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles were all tolerated under the reaction conditions. Importantly, not only aryl thiols and selenides but also their alkyl analogs were suitable coupling partners, and the products were obtained in good yields with high meta regioselectivity
Recommended from our members
Shape-controlled single-crystal growth of InP at low temperatures down to 220 °C.
III-V compound semiconductors are widely used for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, interfacing III-Vs with other materials has been fundamentally limited by the high growth temperatures and lattice-match requirements of traditional deposition processes. Recently, we developed the templated liquid-phase (TLP) crystal growth method for enabling direct growth of shape-controlled single-crystal III-Vs on amorphous substrates. Although in theory, the lowest temperature for TLP growth is that of the melting point of the group III metal (e.g., 156.6 °C for indium), previous experiments required a minimum growth temperature of 500 °C, thus being incompatible with many application-specific substrates. Here, we demonstrate low-temperature TLP (LT-TLP) growth of single-crystalline InP patterns at substrate temperatures down to 220 °C by first activating the precursor, thus enabling the direct growth of InP even on low thermal budget substrates such as plastics and indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass. Importantly, the material exhibits high electron mobilities and good optoelectronic properties as demonstrated by the fabrication of high-performance transistors and light-emitting devices. Furthermore, this work may enable integration of III-Vs with silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processing for monolithic 3D integrated circuits and/or back-end electronics
A Comparative Study of Female Retirement Awareness and Readiness in Malaysia and China
A phenomenon has emerged whereby the life expectancy of women is 74.2 years, and men's is 69.8 years. Hence, it is crucial to encourage early retirement planning among women. This study explores the factors influencing retirement planning awareness and readiness among women in Malaysia and China. 100 Malaysians and 200 Chinese completed a self-administered online questionnaire. Using IBM SPSS and SmartPLS, the determinants examined the moderating effect of self-efficacy toward retirement readiness. This study will provide valuable insights for policymakers to adopt better strategies to address women's issues and improve their quality of life.
Keywords: Female Retirement Planning; Comparing Malaysia and China; Gender Equality; Quality of Life
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2023. The Authors. Published for AMER & cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DO
- …