Making Ethanol from Tapioca Starch Liquid Waste by Hydrolysis and Fermentation

Alcohol or often called ethanol (ethyl alcohol) in the industrialized world which is often used as a solvent, can be produced by fermentation using the yeast Saccharomyces Cereviceae. The basic ingredients that can be fermented include materials that contain saccharin, starch, and selullosa. Production of ethanol in this study carried out by using the basic ingredients of starch derived from tapioca starch liquid waste that has a starch content of 8.14%. Before the fermentation process, first performed by the process of hydrolysis using bacteria producing enzyme α- amylase is Bacillus to obtain a solution containing sugar (glucose). Result of hydrolysis solution containing glucose at 4.82%, 5.3% and 5.7% then fermented for a certain time interval by using yeast Saccharomyces Cereviceae. From the experimental results obtained a conclusion that maximum results are obtained occurs in 10% bacillus fermentation lasts for 15 days with levels of ethanol produced by 20.14%

PENURUNAN LIMBAH PHENOL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ARANG AKTIF BAGASSE DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA

Existence phenol in outcast water is one of the many chemicals polution necessary guarded. character phenol corrosive towards skin can causes irritation. one of the manner often used in waste depreciation that is by adsorbsion. Watchfulness method that mix waste phenol (300 ml) good by using mobile charcoal bagasse and weighing coconut shell of coconut mobile charcoal appropriate variable with speed 150 rpm in stirred tank . Informer time that done also as according to variable. Best condition is got, for activated carbon bagasse informer time during 120 minutes, heavy activated carbon 5 gram, concentration phenol that derivable 2 mg/lt with depreciation percent 82,96%. While for coconut shell of coconut mobile charcoal, best condition also got when informer during 120 minutes, heavy activated carbon 5 gram, concentration phenol that derivable 1,38 mg/lt with depreciation percent 75,55 %

KOMBINASI PROSES AERASI, ADSORPSI, DAN FILTRASI PADA PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI PERIKANAN

Fishery industrial disposal characteristics highly varied and usually contain organic ingredient, both for dissolve also insoluble. Therefore fishery industrial disposal must be cultivated before throwed away to water body. Work principle from process combination aerasi, adsorpsi and filtrasi; beforehand done process aerasi during 24 ours, afterwards in waste water receptacle. waste that aeration, channelled into tower filtrasi that content with pumice, in tower filtrasi done process adsorpsi and filtrasi. In this watchfulness is used peubah with permanence variable that is tall column 1 meter and column diameter 7 cm. while variable change it that is waste rate of flow: 255; 241,67; 235; 228,33; 216,67 ml/minutes and tall pumice: 10; 20; 30; 40 and 50 cm. As to best result that is got in this watchfulness that is in waste rate of flow 228.33 ml/minute and tall pumice 50 cm, COD final 58,95 mg/lt

SULPHATE POTASIUM EXTRACTION FROM BANANA STEM ASH WITH BLEACHING EARTH WASTE LIQUID

Sulphate [>ota.Uilllll is one (~f the important chemistry compoundfor industrial at our country, usually forfertilizer indllsoy. Therefore, necessary done sulphate potassium maker watcl!fulnessfrom variolls ingredient that contain sulphate potassium compound. Among others with extract banana stem ash. Watchfidness methodology that is with mix banana stem ash with aql/adest (20 gram ash/J water litre) in temperature JO(f'c during 30 minutes and stirring rotation 300 '17m. Ash extract that got reaction with sulphuric acidfollnd ~f liquid waste bleaching earth. Rleaching earth with certain rate of flow (5, 10,15,20) ml/second is putted into. After achieved steady conditr.'n, process is continlled lip to 15 minlltes. Result is analyzed to determine sulphate potassium conversion, Based 011 watchfulness result that done, best condition is got in temperature 600c with speed emits bleaching earth 10 mllsecond, produce sulphate potassium degree as big as 20J84 mgllitres and conversion that got as big as 88,06J%

KINETlKA REAKSI PEMBENTUKAN NaOH DARI CALCIUM HIDROXIDE DAN SODA ASH

A reaction of chemistry take place because atoms have compound form qf new molecules by fomling of electron of octet in each atom. Fast taking place chemical process and energy which apropos of this process mechanismly reaction of chemistry studied in kinetics. Kinetics reaction o/forming of NaOH of calcium hydroxide and soda ash conducted in neck gourd three provided with chum. Process at temperature react 70,75,80,85, and 90 vC with time react 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 mimlte also sum up 20% Ca(DHh slurry counted 150, 175,200,225, and 250 graJl.l. Rotation of chum 100 rpm of the size particle 20 mesh. Kinetics react that happened follow reaction of order 1, highest conversion (XsJ= 0,8604 or 86,04% got when reaction 80 minute, temperature react 85 "C .. and concentration of Ca(OB) 2 equal to 250 gram

SULPHATE POTASIUM EXTRACTION FROM BANANA STEM ASH WITH BLEACHING EARTH WASTE LIQUID

Sulphate potassium is one of the important chemistry compound for industrial at our country, usually for fertilizerindustry. Therefore, necessary done sulphate potassium maker watchfulness from various ingredient that containsulphate potassium compound. Among others with extract banana stem ash. Watchfulness methodology that is withmix banana stem ash with aquadest (20 gram ash/1 water litre) in temperature 100oc during 30 minutes and stirringrotation 300 rpm. Ash extract that got reaction with sulphuric acid found of liquid waste bleaching earth. Bleachingearth with certain rate of flow (5,10,15,20) ml/second is putted into. After achieved steady conditon, process iscontinued up to 15 minutes. Result is analyzed to determine sulphate potassium conversion. Based on watchfulnessresult that done, best condition is got in temperature 60oc with speed emits bleaching earth 10 ml/second, producesulphate potassium degree as big as 20184 mg/litres and conversion that got as big as 88,061%.Keyword : banana stem, bleaching eart

PEMANFAATAN LIGNIN DARI LIMBAH KULIT BUAH KAKAO MENJADI PEREKAT

Lignin yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lignin hasil delignifikasi proses organosolv dengan etanol 40%. Lignin resorsinol formaldehid (LRF) dan Lignin phenol formaldehid (LPF) dibuat dengan cara mensubstitusikan lignin dalam perekat pada berbagai perbandingan yaitu: 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% dan 30%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat perekat LRF dan LPF dengan pembanding perekat komersial. Dari hasil analisis penelitian diperoleh untuk perekat LRF diperoleh viskositas 6,45 Cps pada substitusi lignin 15% dan untuk LPF diperoleh viskositas viskositas 5,60 Cps pada substitusi lignin 30%, sedangkan perekat komersial viskositasnya 6,55 Cps. pH untuk LRF 10,1 pada substitusi lignin 15% dan untuk LPF pH 8,3 pada substitusi lignin 30%,sedangkan perekat komersial pH 4,4. Densitas (berat jenis) untuk LRF diperoleh antara 0,918 g/ml pada substitusi ligni 15% dan untuk LPF diperoleh 1,236 g/ml pada substitusi lignin 30%, sedangkan perekat komersial densitasnya 1,114 g/ml. Hasil uji daya rekat pada LRF 3,42 kg/cm 2 pada substitusi lignin 15% dan uji daya rekat LPF 0,15 kg/cm 2 pada substitusi lignin 30%, untuk perekat komersial 3,65 kg/cm 2 . Perekat LRF lebih cepat mengeras bila dibandingkan dengan perekat LPF, semakin besar substitusi lignin maka semakin kental vikositasnya. Kata kunci: lignin, Lignin resorsinol formaldehid (LRF), Lignin phenol formaldehid (LPF