Expectativas ante urbanización de los ejidatarios de San Juan Zitlaltepec

Proyecto Terminal (Licenciatura en Sociología) -- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco, División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Departamento de Sociología, Área de concentración: Sociología Urbana. 1997. UAMADCSHDS. 1 archivo PDF (52 páginas

Computational MHC-I epitope predictor identifies 95% of experimentally mapped HIV-1 clade A and D epitopes in a Ugandan cohort.

BACKGROUND: Identifying immunogens that induce HIV-1-specific immune responses is a lengthy process that can benefit from computational methods, which predict T-cell epitopes for various HLA types. METHODS: We tested the performance of the NetMHCpan4.0 computational neural network in re-identifying 93 T-cell epitopes that had been previously independently mapped using the whole proteome IFN-γ ELISPOT assays in 6 HLA class I typed Ugandan individuals infected with HIV-1 subtypes A1 and D. To provide a benchmark we compared the predictions for NetMHCpan4.0 to MHCflurry1.2.0 and NetCTL1.2. RESULTS: NetMHCpan4.0 performed best correctly predicting 88 of the 93 experimentally mapped epitopes for a set length of 9-mer and matched HLA class I alleles. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis gave an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.928. Setting NetMHCpan4.0 to predict 11-14mer length did not improve the prediction (37-79 of 93 peptides) with an inverse correlation between the number of predictions and length set. Late time point peptides were significantly stronger binders than early peptides (Wilcoxon signed rank test: p = 0.0000005). MHCflurry1.2.0 similarly predicted all but 2 of the peptides that NetMHCpan4.0 predicted and NetCTL1.2 predicted only 14 of the 93 experimental peptides. CONCLUSION: NetMHCpan4.0 class I epitope predictions covered 95% of the epitope responses identified in six HIV-1 infected individuals, and would have reduced the number of experimental confirmatory tests by > 80%. Algorithmic epitope prediction in conjunction with HLA allele frequency information can cost-effectively assist immunogen design through minimizing the experimental effort

The utility of integrating nanopore sequencing into routine HIV-1 drug resistance surveillance.

HIV continues to be a significant global public health concern. In 2022, an estimated 29.8 million people living with HIV received antiretroviral treatment (ART). From this, an estimated 10-15% of individuals living with HIV have drug-resistant strains of the virus. Testing for resistance to antiretroviral drugs is recommended before initiating ART. However, such services are often inaccessible due to costs and the need for complex laboratory infrastructure. The assessment of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) relies on genotyping sequencing and algorithms to interpret genotypic resistance test results. Genotypic assays involve Sanger sequencing of the reverse transcriptase (RT), protease (PR) and integrase (IN) genes of circulating RNA in plasma to detect mutations that are known to confer drug resistance. While state-of-the-art sequencing technologies have swept the globe and enhanced our global pandemic response capabilities, they are still sparingly used for HIVDR surveillance. The scale-up of ART, especially in low- and middle-income countries, necessitates the establishment of cheap, expeditious and decentralized methods for HIVDR monitoring. Here, we outline how one low-capital next-generation sequencing platform, namely, nanopore sequencing, could augment efforts in expanding HIVDR surveillance efforts, especially in resource-limited settings. We discuss that because of its versatility, nanopore sequencing can accelerate HIVDR surveillance in conjunction with scaling up ART efforts and outline some of the challenges that need to be considered before its widespread and routine adaptation to detect drug resistance rapidly

Lower back pain amongst medical trainees in clinical rotations: implications for choosing future career regarding medical practice

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is an increasing concern amongst medical students. There is a dearth of publications regarding how the occurrence of LBP impact medical trainees’ career decisions.ObjectiveTo determine: (i) the point and annual prevalence of LBP amongst Ugandan medical students, (ii) its associated factors, and (iii) whether the experience of LBP during clinical rotations influence medical students’ career choices regarding medical practice.MethodsA multi-center cross-sectional study of 387 randomly selected clinical-phase students was conducted in three Ugandan medical schools, during 17th January to 10th March 2023. Proportions of participants with current and 12-months history of LBP were computed as well as odds for career prospects. We performed binary logistic regression models to determine factors associated with LBP at 95% confidence interval regarding p < 0.05 as statistically significant.ResultsThe response rate was 100%. Participants’ mean age was 24.7 ± 3.2 years of which 66.2% (256/387) were males. The point and annual prevalence of LBP was 52.5% (203/387) and 66.1% (256/387) respectively. Age [OR 1.23, 95% CI (1.03–1.47), p = 0.02], time spent sitting per day [OR 1.08, 95% CI (1.06–1.3), p < 0.01], perceived influence of LBP on future medical career [OR 4.75, 95% CI (1.87–12.06), p < 0.01] were the significant predictors of LBP. LBP interrupted the students’ learning for at least 6.8 ± 12.8 h in 42.4% of participants. Nearly half of participants affirmed that their LBP experience would influence their career prospects. Based on their LBP experiences, trainees ruled out surgery 51.5% (172/334), obstetrics/gynecology 29.6% (99/334), paediatrics 18.3% (61/334), and internal medicine 17.7% (59/334) as their future career specialties. The proportion of trainees that would not consider surgical as opposed to medical disciplines were 81.1% vs. 36.0%, respectively, (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe high prevalence of low back pain among medical students impacts their choices of future medical career with an aversion towards specialization in surgical disciplines. This has far-reaching implications on the disparities in specialist physician health workforce in Low-middle-income countries

Emergence and spread of a SARS-CoV-2 lineage A variant (A.23.1) with altered spike protein in Uganda

Here, we report SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance from March 2020 until January 2021 in Uganda, a landlocked East African country with a population of approximately 40 million people. We report 322 full SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 39,424 reported SARS-CoV-2 infections, thus representing 0.8% of the reported cases. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences revealed the emergence of lineage A.23.1 from lineage A.23. Lineage A.23.1 represented 88% of the genomes observed in December 2020, then 100% of the genomes observed in January 2021. The A.23.1 lineage was also reported in 26 other countries. Although the precise changes in A.23.1 differ from those reported in the first three SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), the A.23.1 spike-protein-coding region has changes similar to VOCs including a change at position 613, a change in the furin cleavage site that extends the basic amino acid motif and multiple changes in the immunogenic N-terminal domain. In addition, the A.23.1 lineage has changes in non-spike proteins including nsp6, ORF8 and ORF9 that are also altered in other VOCs. The clinical impact of the A.23.1 variant is not yet clear and it has not been designated as a VOC. However, our findings of emergence and spread of this variant indicate that careful monitoring of this variant, together with assessment of the consequences of the spike protein changes for COVID-19 vaccine performance, are advisable

Photovoltaics- and Battery-Based Power Network as Sustainable Source of Electric Power

With the rise in the utilization of free fuel energy sources, namely solar and wind, across the globe, it has become necessary to study and implement models of a sustainable power network. This paper focuses on the design of a conceptual power network based on photovoltaics (PV) for power generation and lithium-ion batteries for storage. The power system showcases the various metrics that are involved in a grid-tied PV- and battery-based power network. It also encompasses the various design parameters and sizing considerations to design and conceptualize such a power network. The model focuses on the importance of the conservation of power by avoiding wastage of generated power through inverter sizing and design considerations. Finally, an economic and feasibility analysis is carried out to showcase the economic viability of the PV- and battery-based power network in today’s alternating current (AC)-based grid

INSTRUMENTO DIDÁCTICO DE MEDICIONES INDIRECTAS DE TIEMPO (DIDATIC INSTRUMENT OF INDIREC TIME MEASUREEMENTS)

Resumen   Actualmente se tienen instrumentos de medición indirecta de tiempos como son el cronometro, el reloj de cuarzo, los cuales producen errores en su medición por la observación de las personas y la habilidad de manipulación como es el accionamiento de inicio y paro. Por lo anterior se pensó en un instrumento de medición que se acciona automáticamente al detectar el movimiento de un objeto y de igual forma se detiene al llegar un punto establecido, indicando el tiempo realizado por el objeto en su recorrido.Dentro de las aplicaciones de este instrumento están las competencias de seguidores de línea, experimentos en física como son caída libre. La elaboración del proyecto abarco la elaboración de planos en solidworks con simulación, la impresión de la tarjeta controladora, la programación en micro controladores, la instalación de un sensor de proximidad (distancia), instalación de una pantalla LCD ya programada y dos guías de soporte para poder realizar mediciones de desplazamiento de forma horizontal o vertical. El dispositivo ha sido utilizado como material didáctico en la realización de experimentos en los laboratorios de física, química, matemáticas y va dirigido a todas las unidades didácticas que requieran medir tiempos, distancias o velocidades; los datos obtenidos se muestran en una pantalla LCD y son utilizados en fórmulas para cálculos y la comprobación de datos teóricos.Palabra(s) Clave: Instrumento didáctico, Distancia, Medidor de tiempo, Velocidad, Sensor sharp. AbstractCurrently there are instruments for indirect measurement of times such as the stopwatch, the quartz clock, which produce errors in their measurement due to the observation of people and the ability to manipulate such as the start and stop drive. For this reason, a measuring instrument that automatically activates when detecting the movement of an object is considered and, in the same way, stops when an established point arrives, indicating the time taken by the object in its path.Within the applications of this instrument are the competencies of line followers, experiments in physics such as free fall. The development of the project included the elaboration of plans in solid works with simulation, the printing of the controller card, the programming in micro controllers, the installation of a proximity sensor (distance), installation of an already programmed LCD screen and two support guides to be able to perform displacement measurements horizontally or vertically.The device has been used as teaching material in conducting experiments in the laboratories of physics, chemistry, mathematics and is aimed at all teaching units that require measuring times, distances or speeds; The data obtained are displayed on an LCD screen and are used in formulas for calculations and the verification of theoretical data.Keywords: Instructional instrument, Distance, Time meter, Speed, Sharp sensor

The contextual awareness, response and evaluation (CARE) diabetes project: study design for a quantitative survey of diabetes prevalence and non-communicable disease risk in Ga Mashie, Accra, Ghana

Diabetes is estimated to affect between 3.3% and 8.3% of adults in Ghana, and prevalence is expected to rise. The lack of cost-effective diabetes prevention programmes designed specifically for the Ghanaian population warrants urgent attention. The Contextual Awareness, Response and Evaluation (CARE): Diabetes Project in Ghana is a mixed methods study that aims to understand diabetes in the Ga Mashie area of Accra, identify opportunities for community-based intervention and inform future diabetes prevention and control strategies. This paper presents the study design for the quantitative survey within the CARE project. This survey will take place in the densely populated Ga Mashie area of Accra, Ghana. A household survey will be conducted using simple random sampling to select households from 80 enumeration areas identified in the 2021 Ghana Population and Housing Census. Trained enumerators will interview and collect data from permanent residents aged ≥ 25 years. Pregnant women and those who have given birth in the last six months will be excluded. Data analysis will use a combination of descriptive and inferential statistics, and all analyses will account for the cluster sampling design. Analyses will describe the prevalence of diabetes, other morbidities, and associated risk factors and identify the relationship between diabetes and physical, social, and behavioural parameters. This survey will generate evidence on drivers and consequences of diabetes and facilitate efforts to prevent and control diabetes and other NCDs in urban Ghana, with relevance for other low-income communities

Clinical and genetic features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with C9orf72 mutations

An expansion of the GGGGCC hexanucleotide in the non-coding region of C9orf72 represents the most common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The objective was to describe and analyse the clinical and genetic features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with C9orf72 mutations in a large population. Between November 2011 and December 2020, clinical and genetic characteristics of n = 248 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis carrying C9orf72 mutations were collected from the clinical and scientific network of German motoneuron disease centres. Clinical parameters included age of onset, diagnostic delay, family history, neuropsychological examination, progression rate, phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain levels in CSF and survival. The number of repeats was correlated with the clinical phenotype. The clinical phenotype was compared to n = 84 patients with SOD1 mutations and n = 2178 sporadic patients without any known disease-related mutations. Patients with C9orf72 featured an almost balanced sex ratio with 48.4% (n = 120) women and 51.6% (n = 128) men. The rate of 33.9% patients (n = 63) with bulbar onset was significantly higher compared to sporadic (23.4%, P = 0.002) and SOD1 patients (3.1%, P < 0.001). Of note, 56.3% (n = 138) of C9orf72, but only 16.1% of SOD1 patients reported a negative family history (P < 0.001). The GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat length did not influence the clinical phenotypes. Age of onset (58.0, interquartile range 52.0-63.8) was later compared to SOD1 (50.0, interquartile range 41.0-58.0;P < 0.001), but earlier compared to sporadic patients (61.0, interquartile range 52.0-69.0;P = 0.01). Median survival was shorter (38.0 months) compared to SOD1 (198.0 months, hazard ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.34-2.88;P < 0.001) and sporadic patients (76.0 months, hazard ratio 2.34, 95% confidence interval 1.64-3.34;P < 0.001). Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain levels in CSF (2880, interquartile range 1632-4638 pg/ml) were higher compared to sporadic patients (1382, interquartile range 458-2839 pg/ml;P < 0.001). In neuropsychological screening, C9orf72 patients displayed abnormal results in memory, verbal fluency and executive functions, showing generally worse performances compared to SOD1 and sporadic patients and a higher share with suspected frontotemporal dementia. In summary, clinical features of patients with C9orf72 mutations differ significantly from SOD1 and sporadic patients. Specifically, they feature a more frequent bulbar onset, a higher share of female patients and shorter survival. Interestingly, we found a high proportion of patients with negative family history and no evidence of a relationship between repeat lengths and disease severity. Wiesenfarth et al. report that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with C9orf72 mutations differ significantly from sporadic patients and SOD1 gene carriers, including a higher share of bulbar onset, female patients, more severe neuropsychological deficits and shorter survival. No evidence of a relationship between repeat lengths and disease severity was found

Main Routes of Entry and Genomic Diversity of SARS-CoV-2, Uganda.

We established rapid local viral sequencing to document the genomic diversity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entering Uganda. Virus lineages closely followed the travel origins of infected persons. Our sequence data provide an important baseline for tracking any further transmission of the virus throughout the country and region