Gauge fields with respect to d=(3+1)d=(3+1) in the Kaluza-Klein theories and in the spin-charge-family theory

It is shown that in the spin-charge-family theory, as well as in all the Kaluza-Klein like theories, vielbeins and spin connections manifest in $d=(3+1)$ space equivalent vector gauge fields, when space with $d\ge5$ manifests large enough symmetry. The authors demonstrate this equivalence in spaces with the symmetry of the metric tensor in the space out of $d=(3+1)$ - $g^{\sigma \tau} = \eta^{\sigma \tau} \,f^{2}$ - for any scalar function $f$ of the coordinates $x^{\sigma}$, where $x^{\sigma}$ denotes coordinates of space out of $d=(3+1)$. Also the connection between vielbeins and scalar gauge fields in $d=(3+1)$ (offering the explanation for the Higgs's scalar) is discussed.Comment: 9 pages, EPJC macros, revised version to be published at EPJ

ISLAM OF THE ARCHIPELAGO: COSMOPOLITANISM OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION IN INDONESIA

This paper elucidates and analyses one of the Muslim intellectual heritage in Indonesia which is phenomenal and cosmopolitan, what is called Islam Nusantara (Islam of the Archipelago). When reading the history of the arrival of Islam in Archipelago, most of the scholars studying Archipelago Islam agreed that Islamization of this area was conducted in a peaceful way. They assimilated and complemented each other to become what is called “citizen of the world”. Derridas called this as a model of universal hospitality or guiding principle to protect people from wars. As a religion of peace, Islam is cosmopolitan. This is proved by the fact that Islam is a religion which includes races and nations. This feature is marked by Nine saints (Walisanga) as Javanese unique agents in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, taking interactionist approach between Islam and local culture. This in turn creates Indonesian Islamic civilization which is called today “Islam Nusantara”, Islam without such obstacles as culture, religion, and nation, Islam with a peaceful face that respects humanity and emphasizes tolerance and empathy to human beings

THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONTEMPORARY EDUCATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION

The title of this research is Theoretical Debate over the Philosophical Roots of Contemporary Education and Its Implications for the Development of Islamic Education. The purpose is to disentangle, to explore and to discuss the foundations of theoretical roots of educational philosophy and its relational consequences with Islamic education. The issues raised are: 1). how is the philosophical foundation of education and its relationship to philosophy and education? 2). what are the Philosophical Roots of Educational Theory and Its Implications for Curriculum, Teaching and Learning? 3). what are the implications for the development of Islamic education? The type of research is Library Research which uses philosophical and pedagogical approach, with descriptive method. The findings of this study are: a) the study of the key philosophical ideas that influence thought and development of education are aspects of metaphysics, epistemology and axiology. Without these three philosophical foundations, science and its various disciplines will fail; b) the relationship between philosophy and education are like two sides of one coin that cannot be separated, both give and take in the context of mutualism. So the existence of philosophy in education is a necessity; c) The theoretical debate over the roots of the philosophy of education requires the development of Islamic education

Accurate solutions of Colebrook-White’s friction factor formulae

Estimations of friction factor (Ff) in pipeline systems and fluid transport are essential ingredients in engineering fields and processes. In this paper explicit friction factor formulae (Fff) were proposed and evaluated with an aim of developing error free Fff. General Fff that relate Ff, Reynolds number (Re) and relative roughness (Rr) were proposed. Colebrook – White’s formula was used to compute different Ff for Re between 4 x 103 and 1.704 x 108, and Rr between 1.0 x 10-7 and 0.052 using Microsoft Excel Solver to fix the Fff. The fixed Fff were used to compute Ff for Re between 4 x 103 and 1.704 x 108 and Rr between 1.0 x 10-7 and 0.052. Accuracy of the fixed Fff was evaluated using relative error; model of selection (MSC) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and compared with the previous Fff using Colebrook–White’s Ff as the reference. The study revealed that Ff estimated using the fixed Fff were the same as Ff estimated using Colebrook – White’s Fff. The fixed Fff provided the lowest relative error of (0.02 %; 0.06 % and 0.04 % ), the highest MSC (14.03; 12.42 and 13.07); and the lowest AIC (-73006; -64580 and -67982). The study concluded that modeling of Fff using numerical methods and Microsoft Excel Solver are better tools for estimating Ff in pipeline flow problems.Keywords: Friction factor, MSC; AIC; Reynolds number; Engineering Field; pipe flow, statistical method