60 research outputs found
Moving average procedures as an additional tool for real-time analytical quality control: challenges and opportunities of implementation in small-volume medical laboratories
Introduction: Moving average (MA) is one possible way to use patient results for analytical quality control in medical laboratories. The aims of this study were to: (1) implement previously optimized MA procedures for 10 clinical chemistry analytes into the laboratory information system (LIS); (2) monitor their performance as a real-time quality control tool, and (3) define an algorithm for MA alarm management in a small-volume laboratory to suit the specific laboratory. Materials and methods: Moving average alarms were monitored and analysed over a period of 6 months on all patient results (total of 73,059) obtained for 10 clinical chemistry parameters. The optimal MA procedures were selected previously using an already described technique called the bias detection simulation method, considering the ability of bias detection the size of total allowable error as the key parameter for optimization. Results: During 6 months, 17 MA alarms were registered, which is 0.023% of the total number of generated MA values. In 65% of cases, their cause was of pre-analytical origin, in 12% of analytical origin, and in 23% the cause was not found. The highest alarm rate was determined on sodium (0.10%), and the lowest on calcium and chloride. Conclusions: This paper showed that even in a small-volume laboratory, previously optimized MA procedures could be successfully implemented in the LIS and used for continuous quality control. Review of patient results, re-analysis of samples from the stable period, analysis of internal quality control samples and assessment of the analyser malfunctions and maintenance log have been proposed for the algorithm for managing MA alarms
Application of moving average procedures as an additional tool for continuous quality control of analytical work in the medical laboratory
Tradicionalno se unutraÅ”nja kontrola kvaliteta (QC) analitiÄkog rada u
medicinskim laboratorijama sprovodi testiranjem komercijalno dostupnih kontrolnih
materijala u odreÄenim vremenskim intervalima. MeÄutim, ova kontrola ima svoje
nedostatke, a to su: intermitentnost, problem komutabilnosti, kao i cena materijala i
rada. S obzirom na to, u savremenoj laboratorijskoj praksi razmatra se izrada QC plana
zasnovanog na riziku i uvoÄenje kontrolnih procedura zasnovanih na rezultatima
pacijenata (eng. patient-based real-time quality control, PBRTQC). PBRTQC je, za razliku
od tradicionalne, kontinuirana, osloboÄena problema komutabilnosti i bez troÅ”kova
kontrolnog materijala. Jedan od moguÄih naÄina koriÅ”Äenja rezultata pacijenata u svrhu
kontrole kvaliteta analitiÄkog rada jeste moving average (MA). MA podrazumeva
izraÄunavanje proseÄne vrednosti iz dobijenog seta rezultata pacijenata i dalje koriÅ”Äenje
te vrednosti u kontrolne svrhe. UÄestalost QC merenja u QC planu zasnovanom na
riziku zavisi od sigma metrike testa, kao mere kvaliteta. Za testove Äija sigma metrika
ima niske vrednosti potrebne su kontrolne strategije koje su kompleksne i skupe. Kod
ovakvih testova može se razmotriti uvoÄenje PBRTQC procedura u rutinski plan
kontrole kvaliteta. I pitanje izrade QC plana zasnovanog na riziku, kao i pitanje
implementacije MA kontrolnih procedura, nedovoljno su istraženi u sluÄaju laboratorija
sa malim dnevnim obimom testiranja.
Ciljevi: Ciljevi ovog nauÄnog istraživanja bili su da se u medicinskoj laboratoriji
sa malim dnevnim obimom testiranja odaberu i optimizuju MA procedure za deset
biohemijskih analita, da se optimizovane MA procedure kroz LIS implementiraju u rutinski rad laboratorije, da se uspostavi protokol za postupanje sa MA alarmima i da se
MA procedure integriŔu u laboratorijski QC plan zasnovan na riziku.Traditionally, the internal quality control (QC) of analytical work in
medical laboratories is carried out by testing commercially available control materials at
certain time intervals. However, this type of control has drawbacks, including
intermittency, the problem of commutability, and the cost of materials and labor.
Therefore, modern laboratory practice considers the development of risk-based QC
plans and the introduction of patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC)
procedures. Unlike traditional QC, PBRTQC is continuous, free of the problem of
commutability and the cost of control material. One of the possible ways to use patient
results for the quality control of analytical work is the moving average (MA). MA
involves calculating the average value from the obtained set of patient results and
further using that value for control purposes. The frequency of QC measurements in a
risk-based QC plan depends on the sigma metrics of the test as a measure of quality.
Tests with low values of sigma metrics require control strategies that are complex and
expensive. The laboratory may consider introducing PBRTQC procedures into a routine
QC plan in such tests. In the case of laboratories with a small daily testing volume, the
issue of developing a risk-based QC plan and implementing MA control procedures
remains insufficiently investigated.
Objectives: The objectives of this scientific research were to select and optimize MA
procedures for 10 biochemical analytes in a medical laboratory with a small daily
volume of testing, to implement optimized MA procedures through the laboratory
information system (LIS) in routine laboratory work, to establish a protocol for handling
MA alarms, and to integrate MA procedures into a laboratory risk-based QC plan
Application of moving average procedures as an additional tool for continuous quality control of analytical work in the medical laboratory
Tradicionalno se unutraÅ”nja kontrola kvaliteta (QC) analitiÄkog rada umedicinskim laboratorijama sprovodi testiranjem komercijalno dostupnih kontrolnihmaterijala u odreÄenim vremenskim intervalima. MeÄutim, ova kontrola ima svojenedostatke, a to su: intermitentnost, problem komutabilnosti, kao i cena materijala irada. S obzirom na to, u savremenoj laboratorijskoj praksi razmatra se izrada QC planazasnovanog na riziku i uvoÄenje kontrolnih procedura zasnovanih na rezultatimapacijenata (eng. patient-based real-time quality control, PBRTQC). PBRTQC je, za razlikuod tradicionalne, kontinuirana, osloboÄena problema komutabilnosti i bez troÅ”kovakontrolnog materijala. Jedan od moguÄih naÄina koriÅ”Äenja rezultata pacijenata u svrhukontrole kvaliteta analitiÄkog rada jeste moving average (MA). MA podrazumevaizraÄunavanje proseÄne vrednosti iz dobijenog seta rezultata pacijenata i dalje koriÅ”Äenjete vrednosti u kontrolne svrhe. UÄestalost QC merenja u QC planu zasnovanom nariziku zavisi od sigma metrike testa, kao mere kvaliteta. Za testove Äija sigma metrikaima niske vrednosti potrebne su kontrolne strategije koje su kompleksne i skupe. Kodovakvih testova može se razmotriti uvoÄenje PBRTQC procedura u rutinski plankontrole kvaliteta. I pitanje izrade QC plana zasnovanog na riziku, kao i pitanjeimplementacije MA kontrolnih procedura, nedovoljno su istraženi u sluÄaju laboratorijasa malim dnevnim obimom testiranja.Ciljevi: Ciljevi ovog nauÄnog istraživanja bili su da se u medicinskoj laboratorijisa malim dnevnim obimom testiranja odaberu i optimizuju MA procedure za desetbiohemijskih analita, da se optimizovane MA procedure kroz LIS implementiraju u rutinski rad laboratorije, da se uspostavi protokol za postupanje sa MA alarmima i da seMA procedure integriÅ”u u laboratorijski QC plan zasnovan na riziku.Traditionally, the internal quality control (QC) of analytical work inmedical laboratories is carried out by testing commercially available control materials atcertain time intervals. However, this type of control has drawbacks, includingintermittency, the problem of commutability, and the cost of materials and labor.Therefore, modern laboratory practice considers the development of risk-based QCplans and the introduction of patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC)procedures. Unlike traditional QC, PBRTQC is continuous, free of the problem ofcommutability and the cost of control material. One of the possible ways to use patientresults for the quality control of analytical work is the moving average (MA). MAinvolves calculating the average value from the obtained set of patient results andfurther using that value for control purposes. The frequency of QC measurements in arisk-based QC plan depends on the sigma metrics of the test as a measure of quality.Tests with low values of sigma metrics require control strategies that are complex andexpensive. The laboratory may consider introducing PBRTQC procedures into a routineQC plan in such tests. In the case of laboratories with a small daily testing volume, theissue of developing a risk-based QC plan and implementing MA control proceduresremains insufficiently investigated.Objectives: The objectives of this scientific research were to select and optimize MAprocedures for 10 biochemical analytes in a medical laboratory with a small dailyvolume of testing, to implement optimized MA procedures through the laboratoryinformation system (LIS) in routine laboratory work, to establish a protocol for handlingMA alarms, and to integrate MA procedures into a laboratory risk-based QC plan
Optimizing moving average control procedures for small-volume laboratories: can it be done?
Introduction: Moving average (MA) means calculating the average value from a set of patient results and further using that value for analytical quality
control purposes. The aim of this study was to examine whether the selection, optimization and validation of MA procedures can be performed
using the already described bias detection simulation method and whether it is possible to select appropriate MA procedures for a laboratory with a
small daily testing volume
The BaŔka Tablet as a literary inspiration and instrument for linguistic-stylistic analysis
U radu se pristupa analizi pjesniÄke zbirke BaÅ”Äanska ploÄa ā poema suvremenoga hrvatskog književnika Mile PeÅ”orde. Ispitat Äe se razina osjetljivosti autorskoga pera prema najstarijem razdoblju hrvatske književnojeziÄne povijesti, pokuÅ”at Äe se identificirati temeljni citatni signali i intertekstualne veze sa spomenicima koji oblikuju hrvatsku srednjovjekovnu književnost, a preko njezina dragog kamena ā BaÅ”Äanske ploÄe. Primijenit Äe se metode i postupci stilistiÄke analize, s osobitim obzirom na jezik pjesniÄkih ostvaraja ā od grafetiÄke i grafemiÄke do sintaktiÄke razine. S obzirom na neke dosadaÅ”nje analize koje su ovjerile BaÅ”Äansku ploÄu i kao spomenik premrežen simbolikom brojeva, u radu se donosi svojevrstan appendix koji predstavlja novu perspektivu i pokuÅ”aj usporedne numeroloÅ”ke analize BaÅ”Äanske ploÄe i PeÅ”ordine poeme.This paper analyzes a collection of poems BaÅ”Äanska ploÄa ā poema (The BaÅ”ka Tablet ā poem) written by the contemporary Croatian writer Mile PeÅ”orda. The initial task of this study is to examine the level of sensitivity of the author\u27s pen to the oldest period of Croatian literary history. Secondly, the underlying citation signals of PeÅ”ordaās poems and their intertextual connection with monuments of medieval Croatian culture will be identified, and all this due to the precious stone of Croatian cultural heritage ā the stone Tablet of BaÅ”ka. The methods and procedures of stylistic analysis will be carried out and therefore will allow the identification of stylistic language features on all linguistic levels ā from graphematics and graphetics to the syntax. Due to previous analyses that have acknowledged the BaÅ”ka Tablet as a monument that can also be perceived through the symbolism of numbers, this paper comes with an important appendix, which represents a new perspective and an attempt of comparative numerological analysis that includes the BaÅ”ka Tablet and PeÅ”ordaās poems
Croatian New Church Slavonic Language in the 19th Century (Beginning of Linguistic Renewal in the Example of Dragutin Antun ParÄiÄās First Editions) (Summary)
S obzirom na dosad jasno istaknute i u literaturi utvrÄene znaÄajke o jeziÄnoj politici i primijenjenoj jeziÄnoj praksi u obnovi liturgijskih knjiga i glagoljaÅ”koj tradiciji u XIX. stoljeÄu, cilj je rada bio ustvrditi obujam i kvalitetu doprinosa Dragutina A. ParÄiÄa u njihovu oblikovanju i provedbi. Kratkom komparativnom analizom predstavljene su grafetiÄke i grafemiÄke posebnosti prvoga domisalskog izdanja Dragutina A. ParÄiÄa MrtvaÄka misa s koralnim napjevom 1860. (u odnosu na istu tekstualnu dionicu u ParÄiÄevu misalu iz 1893. i Vajsovu misalu iz 1927). RijeÄ je o litografskom otisku mrtvaÄke mise koji se osobitostima slovopisa i pravopisa oslanja na izdanja Ivana BerÄiÄa (prvi zamah obnove istoÄnoslaveniziranih liturgijskih izdanja, tradiranje icsl. norme), u prireÄivanju kojih je sudjelovao i ParÄiÄ (Chrestomathia linguae veteroslovenicae charactere glagolitici, Prag 1859; Ulomci Sv. pisma, Prag 1865ā1971). Analizom su se potvrdila neka naÄela ParÄiÄeve jeziÄne koncepcije, ponajprije konzervativnost i artificijelnost (kombinacija ocsl., hcsl. i icsl. rjeÅ”enja). Koncepcija je to koja se Äak 30 godina prije izdanja Misala ovjerava izvornom i ParÄiÄu prepoznatljivom, jedino Å”to se konkretna rjeÅ”enja razlikuju. Ta razliÄita rjeÅ”enja u Misi (1860, ali i 1864) i Misalu (1893) osnažuju, premda na drugaÄiji naÄin (grafetiÄka i grafemiÄka razina, odnosno razina slovopisne/pravopisne i fonoloÅ”ke norme), istu prirodu ParÄiÄeve jeziÄne koncepcije
ParÄiÄeva koncepcija obnove staroslavenskih liturgijskih knjiga u XIX. stoljeÄu
Neosporno je danas da vodeÄa uloga u obnovi staroslavenskih liturgijskih knjiga u XIX. st. pripada Dragutinu Antunu ParÄiÄu. Taj je devetnaeststoljetni homo universalis u paleoslavistiÄkoj / paleokroatistiÄkoj literaturi poznat kao onaj koji je glagoljskim misalom spasio starodrevnu hrvatsku povlasticu ā glagoljicu od neminovne propasti koja joj je prijetila u drugoj polovici XIX. stoljeÄa. Njegov glagoljski Misal, kojim se u liturgijsku uporabu vraÄa crkvenoslavenski jezik, izlazi 1893. u svom prvom izdanju i predstavlja krunu Äirilometodskih obnoviteljskih nastojanja ne samo meÄu Hrvatima nego i meÄu Slavenima uopÄe. U vrijeme kada glagoljica na hrvatskome nacionalnom prostoru živi svojim potisnutim životom valjalao je osigurati da se glagoljski Misal može bez poteÅ”koÄa upotrebljavati, stoga D. A. ParÄiÄ izdaje Mali azbukvar za pravilno i jednoliÄno Äitanje glagoljice(autor Ivan Broz, 1894) te prireÄuje staroslavensku gramatiku i rjeÄnik: Grammatica paleoslavico-latina i RjeÄnik latinsko-glagolski, koji su ostali u rukopisu. U radu Äe se stoga opisati dva navedena priruÄnika i pokazati kako je ono Å”to opisuju (i propisuju) u skladu s ParÄiÄevom koncepcijom jeziÄnoga oblikovanja (obnavljanja) staroslavenskih liturgijskih knjiga, napose Misala iz 1893. TakoÄer Äe se potvrditi da ParÄiÄ sudbinu svojih liturgijskih izdanja nije želio prepustiti sluÄaju, veÄ je promiÅ”ljeno i s jasnom koncepcijom pristupio obnovi staroslavenskih liturgijskih knjiga
ParÄiÄeva koncepcija obnove staroslavenskih liturgijskih knjiga u XIX. stoljeÄu
Neosporno je danas da vodeÄa uloga u obnovi staroslavenskih liturgijskih knjiga u XIX. st. pripada Dragutinu Antunu ParÄiÄu. Taj je devetnaeststoljetni homo universalis u paleoslavistiÄkoj / paleokroatistiÄkoj literaturi poznat kao onaj koji je glagoljskim misalom spasio starodrevnu hrvatsku povlasticu ā glagoljicu od neminovne propasti koja joj je prijetila u drugoj polovici XIX. stoljeÄa. Njegov glagoljski Misal, kojim se u liturgijsku uporabu vraÄa crkvenoslavenski jezik, izlazi 1893. u svom prvom izdanju i predstavlja krunu Äirilometodskih obnoviteljskih nastojanja ne samo meÄu Hrvatima nego i meÄu Slavenima uopÄe. U vrijeme kada glagoljica na hrvatskome nacionalnom prostoru živi svojim potisnutim životom valjalao je osigurati da se glagoljski Misal može bez poteÅ”koÄa upotrebljavati, stoga D. A. ParÄiÄ izdaje Mali azbukvar za pravilno i jednoliÄno Äitanje glagoljice(autor Ivan Broz, 1894) te prireÄuje staroslavensku gramatiku i rjeÄnik: Grammatica paleoslavico-latina i RjeÄnik latinsko-glagolski, koji su ostali u rukopisu. U radu Äe se stoga opisati dva navedena priruÄnika i pokazati kako je ono Å”to opisuju (i propisuju) u skladu s ParÄiÄevom koncepcijom jeziÄnoga oblikovanja (obnavljanja) staroslavenskih liturgijskih knjiga, napose Misala iz 1893. TakoÄer Äe se potvrditi da ParÄiÄ sudbinu svojih liturgijskih izdanja nije želio prepustiti sluÄaju, veÄ je promiÅ”ljeno i s jasnom koncepcijom pristupio obnovi staroslavenskih liturgijskih knjiga
The BaŔka Tablet as a literary inspiration and instrument for linguistic-stylistic analysis
U radu se pristupa analizi pjesniÄke zbirke BaÅ”Äanska ploÄa ā poema suvremenoga hrvatskog književnika Mile PeÅ”orde. Ispitat Äe se razina osjetljivosti autorskoga pera prema najstarijem razdoblju hrvatske književnojeziÄne povijesti, pokuÅ”at Äe se identificirati temeljni citatni signali i intertekstualne veze sa spomenicima koji oblikuju hrvatsku srednjovjekovnu književnost, a preko njezina dragog kamena ā BaÅ”Äanske ploÄe. Primijenit Äe se metode i postupci stilistiÄke analize, s osobitim obzirom na jezik pjesniÄkih ostvaraja ā od grafetiÄke i grafemiÄke do sintaktiÄke razine. S obzirom na neke dosadaÅ”nje analize koje su ovjerile BaÅ”Äansku ploÄu i kao spomenik premrežen simbolikom brojeva, u radu se donosi svojevrstan appendix koji predstavlja novu perspektivu i pokuÅ”aj usporedne numeroloÅ”ke analize BaÅ”Äanske ploÄe i PeÅ”ordine poeme.This paper analyzes a collection of poems BaÅ”Äanska ploÄa ā poema (The BaÅ”ka Tablet ā poem) written by the contemporary Croatian writer Mile PeÅ”orda. The initial task of this study is to examine the level of sensitivity of the author\u27s pen to the oldest period of Croatian literary history. Secondly, the underlying citation signals of PeÅ”ordaās poems and their intertextual connection with monuments of medieval Croatian culture will be identified, and all this due to the precious stone of Croatian cultural heritage ā the stone Tablet of BaÅ”ka. The methods and procedures of stylistic analysis will be carried out and therefore will allow the identification of stylistic language features on all linguistic levels ā from graphematics and graphetics to the syntax. Due to previous analyses that have acknowledged the BaÅ”ka Tablet as a monument that can also be perceived through the symbolism of numbers, this paper comes with an important appendix, which represents a new perspective and an attempt of comparative numerological analysis that includes the BaÅ”ka Tablet and PeÅ”ordaās poems
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