O uso sistêmico de antibióticos no tratamento da doença periodontal

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Odontologia.A boca humana, em condições fisiológias, contém um grande número de bacterias patológicas e não patológicas. Quando há um desequilíbrio entre a microbiota e as defesas do hospedeiro podem ocorrer diversas doenças, entre elas a doença periodontal; uma enfermidade extremamente comum na população mundial. Também conhecida como periodontite, ela representa um grupo de doenças inflamatórias de origem infecciosa e multifatorial que destrói os tecidos de suporte do dente. A prevenção e o tratamento dessa enfermidade são objetos de muitos estudos devido a sua extrema importância na Saúde Pública. Seu tratamento baseia-se em raspagem e alisamento radicular a campo aberto ou fechado associado à constante instrução de higiene oral e motivação do paciente. Esta é a terapia periodontal convencional, que na maioria dos casos possui êxito, entretanto nos casos em que a doença periodontal não regride, outras estratégias de tratamento são adotadas, entre elas o uso adjuvante de antibióticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a literatura relacionada ao uso sistêmico de antibióticos no tratamento da doença periodontal. O estudo buscou analisar o uso de tetraciclina, amoxicilina e metronidazol, azitromicina, eritromicina e clindamicina sistêmicos como uso adjuvante do tratamento da doença periodontal. Apesar de ainda não haver um consenso quanto à dosagem, o intervalo entre as administrações e principalmente quanto ao tempo total do tratamento com antiinfecciosos sabe-se que estes são uma boa opção nos casos em que o tratamento periodontal convencional não consegue controlar a doença. Sendo apontado na literatura a associação de amoxicilina com metronidazol, e a tetraciclina como as melhores opções nesses casos. Palavras chave: doença periodontal; antibióticos; tratamento.The human mouth in physiology conditions, contains a large number of pathological and non-pathological bacteria. When there is an imbalance between the microbiota and host defenses can occur several diseases, including periodontal disease; an extremely common disease in the world population. Also known as periodontitis, it represents a group of inflammatory diseases of infectious and multifactorial origin which destroys tooth supporting tissues. The prevention and treatment of this disease are the subject of many studies because of its extreme importance in Public Health. Your treatment is based on scaling and root planing to open or closed field associated with the constant education of oral hygiene and patient motivation. This is the conventional periodontal therapy, which in most cases has successfully, however where periodontal disease does not regress, other treatment strategies are adopted, including adjunctive antibiotics. This study aimed to review the literature related to the systemic use of antibiotics in the treatment of periodontal disease. The study investigates the use of tetracycline, metronidazole and amoxicillin, azithromycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin as systemic adjunctive treatment of periodontal disease. Although there is still no consensus as to dosage, dosing interval and particularly for the total treatment time with anti-infective know that these are a good choice where conventional periodontal treatment can not control the disease. As pointed out in the literature the combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole, and tetracycline as the best options in such cases. Keywords: periodontal disease, antibiotic, treatment

Representational organization of novel task sets during proactive encoding

Recent multivariate analyses of brain data have boosted our understanding of the organizational principles that shape neural coding. However, most of this progress has focused on perceptual visual regions (Connolly et al., 2012), whereas far less is known about the organization of more abstract, action-oriented representations. In this study, we focused on humans{\textquoteright} remarkable ability to turn novel instructions into actions. While previous research shows that instruction encoding is tightly linked to proactive activations in fronto-parietal brain regions, little is known about the structure that orchestrates such anticipatory representation. We collected fMRI data while participants (both males and females) followed novel complex verbal rules that varied across control-related variables (integrating within/across stimuli dimensions, response complexity, target category) and reward expectations. Using Representational Similarity Analysis (Kriegeskorte et al., 2008) we explored where in the brain these variables explained the organization of novel task encoding, and whether motivation modulated these representational spaces. Instruction representations in the lateral prefrontal cortex were structured by the three control-related variables, while intraparietal sulcus encoded response complexity and the fusiform gyrus and precuneus organized its activity according to the relevant stimulus category. Reward exerted a general effect, increasing the representational similarity among different instructions, which was robustly correlated with behavioral improvements. Overall, our results highlight the flexibility of proactive task encoding, governed by distinct representational organizations in specific brain regions. They also stress the variability of motivation-control interactions, which appear to be highly dependent on task attributes such as complexity or novelty.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn comparison with other primates, humans display a remarkable success in novel task contexts thanks to our ability to transform instructions into effective actions. This skill is associated with proactive task-set reconfigurations in fronto-parietal cortices. It remains yet unknown, however, how the brain encodes in anticipation the flexible, rich repertoire of novel tasks that we can achieve. Here we explored cognitive control and motivation-related variables that might orchestrate the representational space for novel instructions. Our results showed that different dimensions become relevant for task prospective encoding depending on the brain region, and that the lateral prefrontal cortex simultaneously organized task representations following different control-related variables. Motivation exerted a general modulation upon this process, diminishing rather than increasing distances among instruction representations

O método investigativo em aulas teóricas de química envolvendo a separação de gases atmosféricos

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir as potencialidades do método investigativo em aulas teóricas de Química. Apresenta-se aqui uma atividade investigativa desenvolvida com estudantes de 1º ano do ensino médio de três escolas brasileiras. O problema foi proposto após o ensino dos conceitos necessários para que os estudantes tivessem condições de elaborar hipóteses, individualmente em uma primeira etapa e coletivamente em etapa posterior. Descrevem-se as respostas produzidas e as possibilidades de aplicação do método investigativo. O desenvolvimento das aulas permitiu criar um ambiente de discussão favorável para que os estudantes argumentassem e conhecessem alguns aspectos da natureza das ciências, além de possibilitar o levantamento de um problema de aprendizagem relacionado à presença de concepções alternativas

Sensitization to grass allergens: Phl p1, Phl p5 and Phl p7 Phl p12 in Adult and Children Patients in Beja (Southern Portugal)

Background In Portugal, the pollen types most implicated in respiratory allergy are grasses, olive and parietaria. The knowledge of sensitizations to molecular allergens in children and adults can contribute to better diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Methods ImmunoCAP singleplex technology was used for molecular allergens and Phadia 250® automatic equipment. g205 (Phl p1); g215 (Phl p5b); g210 (Phl p7); and g212 (Phl p12) allergen determinations were made in 45 patients with positive grass sensitization tests. Results The majority of patients are sensitized to Phl p1 (91%) and Phl p1+/Phl p5−/Phl p7−/Phl p12− was the most dominant profile (40%). In the adult group, the IgE averages for Phl p1 were approximately 10.46, while they were 8.43 for Phl p5, 0.69 for Phl p7, and 0.06 for Phl p12. In the child group, these values were higher: 22.49, 20.23, 3.89, and 0.35, respectively. For allergens Phl p1, Phl p5, and Phl p7, these differences between the child and adult population were not statistically significant (p = 0.754, p = 0.806 and p = 0.102, respectively), but for Phl p12, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.018) was observed. Conclusions IgE antibodies Phl p1 is the most important allergic marker and sensitivities caused by Phl p12 give rise to higher IgE values in children

The Fight against Administrative Improbity for the Guarantee of the Human Right to Water

The article aims to present the connection between acts of administrative improbity and the current difficulty for the universalization of water and basic sanitation, which is one of the 17 objectives of Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. First, an analysis is made of the Human Rights approach in the Brazilian legal system, moving on to an explanation of how these are applied in the reality of the country. And through the documental analytical methodology, it shows the importance of the right to water and sanitation, besides addressing the problems faced by these rights. Finally, the concept of administrative improbity is presented, discussing the definition, modalities and ways of fighting it, and in this last point, the importance of implementing the right to water and sanitation, as well as other human rights. Keywords: Administrative Improbity; Corruption; Public Policies; Human Rights; Right to Water; DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-12-03 Publication date:June 30th 2021

O patrimônio museal e os novos lugares de memória

SIAM. Series Iberoamericanas de Museología. Año 3, Vol.

O BIODIESEL NA MATRIZ ENERGÉTICA DO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DAS EXTERNALIDADES

A proposta básica deste trabalho é analisar as externalidades provocadas com a inserção do biodiesel na matriz energética brasileira. A metodologia empregada constitui no embasamento teórico de externalidades e bem-estar social. Realizou-se uma análise do bem-estar social dos agentes econômicos de forma a mostrar as externalidades negativas provenientes do uso do óleo diesel mineral que poderão ser evitados ou internalizados com o uso da mistura com o óleo biodiesel. Constatou-se que com a mistura B2, B5, B20 e B100 têm-se uma redução da emissão de 1,0%; 3,0%; 12,0% e 48,0% de monóxido de carbono e materiais particulados, respectivamente e, redução da emissão de 2,0%; 5,0%; 20,0% e 67,0% de hidrocarbonetos, respectivamente, que são os principais gases causadores do efeito estufa (GEE). Sem contar que os gastos com importação com o óleo diesel seriam reduzidos consideravelmente.-----------------------------------------------In this study we analyze the externalities aggravated with the insertion of the biodiesel on matrix energetic Brazilian. Using as methodology the theory of externalities and welfare, we analyze the welfare from the agents economic that show the externalities negatives deriving from of the use of the diesel oil mineral what be able be prevents or internalized with the use from blending with the oil biodiesel. We find that as with the she stirs B2, B5, B20 and B100 they have a reduction from emission of 1,0%; 3,0%; 12,0% and 48,0% of carbon monoxide and materials particulars, respectively and, reduction from emission of 2,0%; 5,0%; 20,0% and 67,0% of hidrocarbonets, respectively, what are the principal gasses caused of the effect oven (GEE). Without count as the spending with importation with the diesel oil they should be reduced enormously.Oleaginosas, Bem-estar social, Gases de efeito estufa (GEE), Oleaginosas, Welfare, Gasses of effect oven, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Os abcessos pulmonares em revisão

AbstractLung abscesses are cavitating lesions containing necrotic debris caused by microbial infection. Patients with chronic lung disease, bronchial obstruction secondary to cancer, a history of aspiration or risk of aspiration caused by alcoholism, altered mental status, structural or physiologic alterations of the pharynx and esophagus, neuromuscular disorders, anesthesia, are among others at higher risk of developing lung abcess.The main bacteriological characteristics, the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis are considered. The problem of antimicrobial resistance is also referred.Rev Port Pneumol 2008; XIV (1): 141-14