Current Perspectives in the Multilingual EFL Classroom: A Portuguese Case Study

Following the trend that has emerged in most European educational contexts, Portugal is no exception and has witnessed an increasing number of multi- lingual/multicultural classrooms. According to the Ministry of Education, students from over 180 nationalities were enrolled in Portuguese schools in 2017. Conse- quently, English language teachers have had to adapt to this by acknowledging a gradual shift from the notion of correctness to appropriateness and intelligibility, reassessing the traditional learning target that focuses on native speaker norms. Thus, the scope of this chapter stems from Kirkpatrick (2007, p. 194), which advocates that “in aiming to teach and learn English in ways that would allow for effective communication across linguistic and cultural boundaries the focus of the classroom moves from the acquisition of the norms associated with a standard model to a focus on learning linguistic features, cultural information, and communication strategies that will facilitate communication.” This study reports the findings of two question- naires distributed to Basic and Secondary teachers (N = 133) and students (N = 100), as well as interviews with Basic Education students (N = 15), to ascertain their awareness of and attitudes towards English language teaching, learning and use in multilingual classrooms. Findings indicate the need for promoting teacher and learner competences that are crucial for responding to and building upon the diversity found in today’s multilingual English language classrooms

Migração distal de catéter de derivação ventrículo-peritoneal para implante mamário de silicone

Federal University of São Paulo Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryCampinas State University Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUNIFESP, Department of Neurology and NeurosurgerySciEL

Visualización radiológica intraoperatoria de la región occipito-cervical y columna cervical alta: nota técnica

We report a technical note to obtain a better intraoperative radiological view in surgeries of the craniocervical junction and upper cervical spine.Relatamos nota técnica para mejor visualización radiológica intraoperatória en las cirugías de la región occipito-cervical y de la columna cervical alta.Relatamos nota técnica para melhor visualização radiológica intraoperatória em cirurgias da região occipitocervical e coluna cervical superior.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Neurologia e NeurocirurgiaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Departamento de Neurologia Disciplina de NeurocirurgiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Neurologia e NeurocirurgiaSciEL

The Handbook to English as a Lingua Franca Practices for Inclusive Multilingual Classrooms

The present Handbook constitutes an important companion for future users of the ENRICH CPD Course, including, but not limited to: (a) pre- or in-service English language teachers who may wish to engage with the CPD materials and activities at their own pace; (b) teacher educators who would like to employ the CPD materials and activities with their own trainees; (c) researchers in the fields which ENRICH revolves around (e.g., English as a Lingua Franca, multilingualism, English language pedagogy) who may be interested in finding out whether, and how, information gathered through ENRICH could inform their research studies; and (d) members of educational policy-making organisations and institutions who may want to explore the relevance of ENRICH to their own professional endeavours.This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Erasmus+ Programme, KA2 Strategic Partnership Project number: 2018-1-EL01-KA201-04789

English Language Teachers’ Awareness of English as a Lingua Franca in Multilingual and Multicultural Contexts

Today English has become the Lingua Franca or common language of many people, regardless of their being native or nonnative speaker of English all over the world. Therefore, it has become necessary to educate pre-/in-service teachers with an awareness towards the significance of the involvement of an “English as a lingua franca” (ELF) perspective in their language teaching practice in multilingual/multicultural contexts. In a rapidly changing world, many English language teachers and teacher trainers are cognizant of the impact of migration in their teaching contexts. However, it is still not very clear to what extent and in what context they are integrating ELF related issues in their language teaching practice. In this study, we make an attempt to unveil in-service teachers’ beliefs about ELF in pedagogical practice in three different countries – Poland, Portugal and Turkey. In order to do that we have adopted a questionnaire from an earlier study investigating the involvement of culture in ELT in expanding circle contexts. The findings of the study revealed that although teachers in these contexts are aware of the significance of the inclusion of an ELF-aware perspective in ELT, they are still hesitant about its applicability in their own teaching context. This study has implications for raising English language teachers’ awareness in conceptualizing how an ELF-aware pedagogical approach can be implemented in a multilingual/multicultural context

As exportações do setor metalomecânico agrícola como fator de desenvolvimento: o caso da região funcional de planejamento 7 do Rio Grande do Sul/ The exports of the agricultural metallomechanical sector as a factor of development: the case of the functional region of planning 7 of Rio Grande do Sul

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar o comércio exterior, mais especificamente as operações de exportação, do setor metalomecânico gaúcho a fim de identificar de que maneira, na última década, o mesmo gerou desenvolvimento econômico regional. Este fato fica mais evidente após a abertura comercial brasileira na década de 90, quando surge a oportunidade de as empresas nacionais buscarem novos mercados no exterior e também com a chegada, em nossa região, de grandes empresas multinacionais do setor de máquinas e implementos agrícolas. Nesse contexto, é possível afirmar que as exportações das empresas do setor metalomecânico geram desenvolvimento econômico? Primeiramente, é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema comércio internacional, para entender a evolução do conceito e a maneira como ele é trabalhado pelos principais autores clássicos e atuais. De maneira complementar, foram realizadas entrevistas com os gestores de comércio exterior das principais empresas deste setor na região, para aprofundar a pesquisa sobre as práticas de gestão. Para tal, o estudo alinha-se de acordo com a visão liberal de mercado, sendo assim, ressaltando o papel das exportações e da gestão do comércio exterior no processo de desenvolvimento econômico dos municípios e da Região Funcional de Planejamento 7 do Rio Grande do Sul

Avaliação da artrodese e do alinhamento cervical após discectomia cervical com interposição de polimetilmetacrilato

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Surgical treatment of cervical radiculopathy with or without myelopathy is a controversy issue, although anterior discectomy is the most common form of treatment. METHOD: We present the evaluation of the arthrodesis' rate and cervical alignment in 48 patients with cervical degenerative disease (CDD) submitted to anterior cervical discectomy with interposition of polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA). Odom and Nürick scales were used to evaluation of functional status before and after surgery. Cervical spine X-rays were used to access arthrodesis and alignment, at least 2 years after the procedure. RESULTS: Excellent and good results (Odom I and II) were obtained in 91% of the patients with radiculopathy and in 69% of those with myelopathy. Using the chi square test of independence (1% of significance), there was no association between excellent and good clinical results with the presence of arthrodesis verified in cervical X-rays. The presence of cervical alignment had association with good results, whereas the misalignment was associated with unfavorable outcomes. Two patients died: one cervical hematoma and other from graft migration with cord compression. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical alignment was more important than fusion to achieve good surgical results in CDD.TEMA E OBJETIVO: O tratamento cirúrgico da radiculopatia cervical com ou sem mielopatia é um tema controverso, embora a discectomia por via anterior seja uma das formas mais comuns de tratamento. MÉTODO: Apresentamos a avaliação da artrodese cervical e do alinhamento pós operatório em 48 pacientes com doença degenerativa cervical (DDC) submetidos a discectomia por via anterior seguida da interposição de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA). As escalas de Odom e de Nurick foram utilizadas para avaliar o status funcional dos pacientes antes e após a cirurgia. Radiografias da coluna cervical foram utilizadas para avaliar a artrodese e o alinhamento cervical, pelo menos 2 anos após o procedimento. RESULTADOS: Excelentes e bons resultados (Odom I e II) foram obtidos em 91% dos casos com radiculopatia e em 69% dos pacientes com mielopatia. Usando o teste do qui-quadrado de independência (1% de significância), não houve associação entre os resultados excelentes e bons e a presença de artrodese. A presença de alinhamento cervical, ao contrário, correlacionou-se com bons resultados. Dois pacientes faleceram devido a hematoma cervical e migração do enxerto. CONCLUSÃO: O alinhamento cervical correlacionou-se com bons resultados cirúrgicos em nossos pacientes, enquanto que a taxa de artrodese não teve relação com o resultado clínico dos pacientes.Federal University of São Paulo Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of Campinas Department of NeurologyFederal University of São PauloUNIFESP, Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUNIFESPSciEL

Ant genera identification using an ensemble of convolutional neural networks

Works requiring taxonomic knowledge face several challenges, such as arduous identification of many taxa and an insufficient number of taxonomists to identify a great deal of collected organisms. Machine learning tools, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are then welcome to automatically generate high-performance classifiers from available data. Supported by the image datasets available at the largest online database on ant biology, the AntWeb (www.antweb.org), we propose here an ensemble of CNNs to identify ant genera directly from the head, profile and dorsal perspectives of ant images. Transfer learning is also considered to improve the individual performance of the CNN classifiers. The performance achieved by the classifiers is diverse enough to promote a reduction in the overall classification error when they are combined in an ensemble, achieving an accuracy rate of over 80% on top-1 classification and an accuracy of over 90% on top-3 classification131CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP141308/2014-1; 131488/2015-5; 311751/2013-0; 309115/2014-023038.002884/2013-382014/13533-