Nafion® as advanced immobilisation substrate for the voltammetric analysis of electroactive microparticles: the case of some artistic colouring agents

Voltammetry of microparticles is applied to characterise and to identify solid analytes of interest in the field of cultural heritage. Nafion® is used for the immobilisation of solid microparticles onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode by exploiting the deposition onto the electrode surface of a micro-volume of a suspension of the microsample in polymeric solution. Cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry are applied to characterise and to identify the microparticles immobilised in the Nafion® coating. The analyte studied in this work is Prussian Blue as a typical inorganic pigment, with a relatively simple electrochemical behaviour. The proposed method is applied to a sample of Venetian marmorino plaster. The performance of Nafion® for this analysis is compared with that of the polymer Paraloid B72

Weber’s Daoism: A failure of orthodoxy

The paper fills a gap in the discussion of The Religion of China by focusing on Weber’s treatment of Daoism. First, it presents an examination of Weber’s use of sources in his construction of Daoism and his location of mysticism and religion in the early Daoist text Daodejing. Second, his treatment of Daoism – and Confucianism – within the orthodox/heterodox framework is examined and shown to be a European projection inadequate for understanding Chinese state practices. Finally, it is shown that Weber’s approach prevents appreciation of the contribution of Daoist thought to a Chinese entrepreneurial spirit. By reformulating Weber’s argument concerning culture and economy, this important and neglected aspect of Daoism is highlighted

Glasses and glass-ceramics for solid-state battery applications- Chapter 50

International audienceThis chapter reviews investigations carried out in the last decades to synthesize and characterize ion conducting glasses and glass-ceramics and further use them as solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries.First, the focus is put on materials, either LiC, NaC or AgC conducting ones, with the most striking points being the discovery of ion conductingchalcogenide glasses in the 1980s, the elaboration of fast ion conducting glass-ceramics with the introduction of mechanical alloying techniques in the 1990s, and more recently the renewed interest in NaC conducting glasses and glass-ceramics.The second part of the chapter focuses on the development of all-solid-state batteries, Li-ion and Li=S batteries and to a lesser extent NaC and AgC-ion batteries. It is shown that the performance of the batteries relies on the development of optimized composite electrodes comprising theelectrolyte, an active material and a conductive additive. The review sheds light on the key parameters that have to be considered, including the choice of compositions of active material and conductive additive, coating of electrode by the electrolyte, coating of the electrolyte, ratio of thecomponents, homogenization of the mixture and compaction of the powders