Nebraska Corporation Law, a Statutory Jungle

I. Introduction … A. The General Corporation Law of 1941 … 1. Source … 2. Scope … B. Adoption of General Nonprofit Corporation Law of Nebraska, 1943 … C. Amendments to Corporation Laws since 1941 II. Procedural Matters of Administration … A. The General Corporation Law … 1. Definitions … 2. Filing Articles of Incorporation … 3. Similarity of Corporate Name … 4. Election of Directors and Officers … 5. Proper Certification of Amendments … 6. Reduction of Capital … 7. Stockholders’ Right Inquiry … 8. False Reports by Directors or Officers … 9. Inconsistent Provisions re Filing Formalities … 10. Matters Involving Voluntary Dissolution … 11. Recent Legislative Alterations … B. Nonprofit Corporation without Capital Stock … 1. The 1929 Nonprofit Corporation Act … 2. Hospital Service Corporations … 3. The General Nonprofit Corporation Law of Nebraska … C. Foreign Corporations … 1. What Constitutes “Doing Business” in Nebraska … 2. Enforcement of Contracts … 3. Statutory Service of Process upon Secretary of State … D. Cooperative Companies … 1. General Provisions … 2. Cooperative Credit Associations … 3. Cooperative Land Companies … 4. Nonstock Cooperative Marketing Companies … E. Occupation Tax … 1. Nature of the Tax … 2. Common Errors and Omission in Annual Reports … 3. Penalty Remission … 4. Permissive Filing of Tax Lien by Secretary of State … 5. Dissolution for Nonpayment of Occupation Taxes … F. Corporations Not Included under General Corporation Laws … 1. Bridge Companies … 2. Real Estate Corporations … 3. Charitable and Fraternal Societies … 4. Educational Institutions … 5. Religious Societies .. 6. Nonprofit Professional and Similar Associations … 7. Burial Associations … 8. Fontenelle Forest Association … 9. Union Depot Companies … 10. Credit Unions … 11. Membership Corporations and Associations … 12. Corporate Bodies Not in Chapter 21 IV. [III.] Summary and Conclusion

Nebraska Corporation Law, a Statutory Jungle

I. Introduction … A. The General Corporation Law of 1941 … 1. Source … 2. Scope … B. Adoption of General Nonprofit Corporation Law of Nebraska, 1943 … C. Amendments to Corporation Laws since 1941 II. Procedural Matters of Administration … A. The General Corporation Law … 1. Definitions … 2. Filing Articles of Incorporation … 3. Similarity of Corporate Name … 4. Election of Directors and Officers … 5. Proper Certification of Amendments … 6. Reduction of Capital … 7. Stockholders’ Right Inquiry … 8. False Reports by Directors or Officers … 9. Inconsistent Provisions re Filing Formalities … 10. Matters Involving Voluntary Dissolution … 11. Recent Legislative Alterations … B. Nonprofit Corporation without Capital Stock … 1. The 1929 Nonprofit Corporation Act … 2. Hospital Service Corporations … 3. The General Nonprofit Corporation Law of Nebraska … C. Foreign Corporations … 1. What Constitutes “Doing Business” in Nebraska … 2. Enforcement of Contracts … 3. Statutory Service of Process upon Secretary of State … D. Cooperative Companies … 1. General Provisions … 2. Cooperative Credit Associations … 3. Cooperative Land Companies … 4. Nonstock Cooperative Marketing Companies … E. Occupation Tax … 1. Nature of the Tax … 2. Common Errors and Omission in Annual Reports … 3. Penalty Remission … 4. Permissive Filing of Tax Lien by Secretary of State … 5. Dissolution for Nonpayment of Occupation Taxes … F. Corporations Not Included under General Corporation Laws … 1. Bridge Companies … 2. Real Estate Corporations … 3. Charitable and Fraternal Societies … 4. Educational Institutions … 5. Religious Societies .. 6. Nonprofit Professional and Similar Associations … 7. Burial Associations … 8. Fontenelle Forest Association … 9. Union Depot Companies … 10. Credit Unions … 11. Membership Corporations and Associations … 12. Corporate Bodies Not in Chapter 21 IV. [III.] Summary and Conclusion

Reinventing Nursing for Future Generations

By 2020 the USA will experience a tremendous nursing shortage. Unfortunately the public does not know what nurses do nor the rewards associated with the profession of nursing. Nursing has had difficulty competing with other professions offering more pay, better schedules and promises of exciting careers. The purpose of this graduate integrative project is to describe a children\u27s book written with the intention of educating and recruiting future generations for the profession of nursing. Background information will be provided to illustrate the need for such a book, including general information on the current nursing shortage, the disparity of men and minorities in the profession of nursing, the process of writing for children between the ages of ten and 12 and targeting youth for the profession of nursing. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse\u27s theory of human becoming is the theoretical foundation for this project, due to contributions she has made in nursing

Simulating Visual Attention Allocation of Pilots in an Advanced Cockpit Environment

This paper describes the results of experiments conducted with human line pilots and a cognitive pilot model during interaction with a new 40 Flight Management System (FMS). The aim of these experiments was to gather human pilot behavior data in order to calibrate the behavior of the model. Human behavior is mainly triggered by visual perception. Thus, the main aspect was to setup a profile of human pilots' visual attention allocation in a cockpit environment containing the new FMS. We first performed statistical analyses of eye tracker data and then compared our results to common results of familiar analyses in standard cockpit environments. The comparison has shown a significant influence of the new system on the visual performance of human pilots. Further on, analyses of the pilot models' visual performance have been performed. A comparison to human pilots' visual performance revealed important improvement potentials

Nonmonotonic dependence of the absolute entropy on temperature in supercooled Stillinger-Weber silicon

Using a recently developed thermodynamic integration method, we compute the precise values of the excess Gibbs free energy (G^e) of the high density liquid (HDL) phase with respect to the crystalline phase at different temperatures (T) in the supercooled region of the Stillinger-Weber (SW) silicon [F. H. Stillinger and T. A. Weber, Phys. Rev. B. 32, 5262 (1985)]. Based on the slope of G^e with respect to T, we find that the absolute entropy of the HDL phase increases as its enthalpy changes from the equilibrium value at T \ge 1065 K to the value corresponding to a non-equilibrium state at 1060 K. We find that the volume distribution in the equilibrium HDL phases become progressively broader as the temperature is reduced to 1060 K, exhibiting van-der-Waals (VDW) loop in the pressure-volume curves. Our results provides insight into the thermodynamic cause of the transition from the HDL phase to the low density phases in SW silicon, observed in earlier studies near 1060 K at zero pressure.Comment: This version is accepted for publication in Journal of Statistical Physics (11 figures, 1 table

Wavelength effects on in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy

The ability to optically section live biological tissue in vivo with laser light and observe reflections from single scattering events is made possible by in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). In this thesis the effects of using CSLM at different wavelengths to image in vivo human skin are reported and analyzed. Upon changing the wavelength of incident light, differences are observed while certain features are maintained. This work attempts to deconvolute differences due to wavelength artifacts from differences revealing important skin microstructure. To illustrate the differences due to the optical set up and wavelength changes, in vitro experiments were developed to characterize and model the instrumentation and tissue samples imaged. To further review and illustrate the differences in wavelengths a human test was conducted with 8 subjects to determine qualitative and quantitative differences observed at 405nm, 785nm and 830nm wavelengths from different CSLMs on live human tissue. From these experiments it was found that differences do exist among the selected wavelengths. This was surprising due to the proximity of the near infrared 785nm and 830nm wavelengths. Future work using 405nm, 785nm, and 830nm lasers on a single CSLM with identical optics in a single experimental setup will enable confirmation of our findings. In conclusion the laser wavelength used in CSLM is important even in reflectance imaging to properly understand and resolve different biological structures within human skin.M.S., Biomedical Engineering -- Drexel University, 200

Evaluating methods for combining rare variant data in pathway-based tests of genetic association

Analyzing sets of genes in genome-wide association studies is a relatively new approach that aims to capitalize on biological knowledge about the interactions of genes in biological pathways. This approach, called pathway analysis or gene set analysis, has not yet been applied to the analysis of rare variants. Applying pathway analysis to rare variants offers two competing approaches. In the first approach rare variant statistics are used to generate p-values for each gene (e.g., combined multivariate collapsing [CMC] or weighted-sum [WS]) and the gene-level p-values are combined using standard pathway analysis methods (e.g., gene set enrichment analysis or Fisher’s combined probability method). In the second approach, rare variant methods (e.g., CMC and WS) are applied directly to sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) representing all SNPs within genes in a pathway. In this paper we use simulated phenotype and real next-generation sequencing data from Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 to analyze sets of rare variants using these two competing approaches. The initial results suggest substantial differences in the methods, with Fisher’s combined probability method and the direct application of the WS method yielding the best power. Evidence suggests that the WS method works well in most situations, although Fisher’s method was more likely to be optimal when the number of causal SNPs in the set was low but the risk of the causal SNPs was high

Comparison of scoring methods for the detection of causal genes with or without rare variants

Rare causal variants are believed to significantly contribute to the genetic basis of common diseases or quantitative traits. Appropriate statistical methods are required to discover the highest possible number of disease-relevant variants in a genome-wide screening study. The publicly available Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 data set consists of 697 individuals and 24,487 genetic variants. It includes a simulated complex disease model with intermediate quantitative phenotypes. We compare four gene-wise scoring methods with respect to ranking of causal genes under variable allele frequency thresholds for collapsing of rare variants and considering whether or not rare variants were included. We also compare causal genes for which the ranks differ clearly between scoring methods regarding such characteristics as number and strength of causal variants. We corroborated our findings with additional simulations. We found that the maximum statistics method was superior in assigning high ranks to genes with a single strong causal variant. Hotelling’s T2 test was superior for genes with several independent causal variants. This was consistent for all phenotypes and was confirmed by single-gene analyses and additional simulations. The multivariate analysis performed similarly to Hotelling’s T2 test. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was widely comparable with the maximum statistics method. We conclude that the maximum statistics method is a superior alternative to Hotelling’s T2 test if one expects only one independent causal variant per gene with a dominating effect. Such a variant could also be a supermarker derived by collapsing rare variants. Because the true nature of the genetic effect is unknown for real data, both methods need to be taken into consideration