Exile Vol. LII No. 2

Title Page 2 Epigraph by Ezra Pound 3 Table of Contents 4 Editor\u27s Note 6 Contributors\u27 Notes 45 Editorial Board 46 ART Wallace Monument by Casey Flax 9 Blind Man by Abbe Wright 18 Untitled by Adrienne Hunter 20 Sentinel by Eric Ahnmark 28 Untitled by Abbe Wright 32 Under Charles by Medha Jaishankar 43 FICTION The Great Lego Wall by Dawson West 12-16 Gods by Nick Wright 21-24 Some Days Hit like Mack Trucks by Sarah Broderick 33-42 POETRY The Liberation from Jack Kerouac by Katie Berta 7-8 Fragmented Grief by Jen Humbert 10 Rauschenberg Painting Iris Clért by Jeremy Heartberg 11 Outgrowing by Sarah Rogers 17 Garden of Eden by Jen Humbert 19 She whispered to the moon by Dave Murrin-von Ebers 25 A Joke by Jeremy Heartberg 26 Retrospective by Casey Flax 27 Ketchup Fetish by Dawson West 29 Winter Raspberries by Jennifer Luebbers 30-31 Knot by Sarah Rogers 44 Editor\u27s Note The process by which Exile comes into being each semester is by no means a quick or simple one, and was further confounded in this instance by having me at its core. I do not necessarily mean to discredit myself ad nauseam as some editors would, but they will all tell you that transitional periods are the toughest on a publication. The collaborative effort of Jeremy Heartberg and Jennifer Humbert over the past several semesters, not to mention the competent and eager editorial staff they have recruited, has seen to it that the transition made in these past few months has not been bulky or awkward, but rather quite seamless. It is appropriate then, that the two of them are both prominently featured in the edition of Exile on which you presently fix your gaze. In recent years, you have benefited from Jeremy\u27s and Jen\u27s dedication to Exile as a whole; this year, enjoy their dedication to the flexibility and nuance of language, to the manipulation of form, to poetry. Jeremy, Jen, Sarah, and Emily, thank you, you will be missed. / April 2006 -6 Front Cover Art by Chris Davis: Reflections / Back Cover Art by Eric Ahnmark: Trucks Only -46 All submissions are reviewed on an anonymous basis, and all editorial decisions are shared equally among the members of the editorial board. -4

Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis and Symptoms in Outpatient Youth as Risk Factors for Criminal Offenses and Interpersonal Violence

The aim of the current study was to examine the risk for offending among outpatient youth with borderline pathology. Demographic and diagnostic data from 492 outpatients who attended a public mental health service for 15- to 25-year-olds between January 1998 and March 2008 were linked with information regarding criminal offenses and intervention orders collected from a statewide police database between March 1993 and June 2017. BPD diagnosis and number of BPD criteria were both associated with an elevated risk for violent and nonviolent offenses and family violence intervention orders. Moderation analyses revealed that the number of BPD criteria might affect males and females differently in terms of offending. Both impulsivity and anger independently predicted the risk for violent and nonviolent offenses and family violence intervention orders. Early detection of increased risk of offending among youth with BPD features is essential to develop targeted treatments for criminal or violent behavior

Neighbourhood characteristics and the treated incidence rate of borderline personality pathology among young people.

OBJECTIVE The impact of the wider social environment, such as neighbourhood characteristics, has not been examined in the development of borderline personality disorder. This study aimed to determine whether the treated incidence rate of full-threshold borderline personality disorder and sub-threshold borderline personality disorder, collectively termed borderline personality pathology, was associated with the specific neighbourhood characteristics of social deprivation and social fragmentation. METHOD This study included young people, aged 15-24 years, who attended Orygen's Helping Young People Early programme, a specialist early intervention service for young people with borderline personality pathology, from 1 August 2000-1 February 2008. Diagnoses were confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders, and census data from 2006 were used to determine the at-risk population and to obtain measures of social deprivation and fragmentation. RESULTS The study included 282 young people, of these 78.0% (n = 220) were female and the mean age was 18.3 years (SD = ±2.7). A total of 42.9% (n = 121) met criteria for full-threshold borderline personality disorder, and 57.1% (n = 161) had sub-threshold borderline personality disorder, defined as having three or four of the nine Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) borderline personality disorder criteria. There was more than a sixfold increase in the treated incidence rate of borderline personality pathology in the neighbourhoods of above average deprivation (Quartile 3) (incidence rate ratio = 6.45, 95% confidence interval: [4.62, 8.98], p < 0.001), and this was consistent in the borderline personality disorder sub-groups. This association was also present in the most socially deprived neighbourhood (Quartile 4) (incidence rate ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval: [1.10, 2.44]), however, only for those with sub-threshold borderline personality disorder. The treated incidence of borderline personality pathology increased incrementally with the level of social fragmentation (Quartile 3: incidence rate ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval: [1.37, 2.72], Quartile 4: incidence rate ratio = 2.38, 95% confidence interval: [1.77, 3.21]). CONCLUSION Borderline personality pathology has a higher treated incidence in the more socially deprived and fragmented neighbourhoods. These findings have implications for funding and location of clinical services for young people with borderline personality pathology. Prospective, longitudinal studies should examine neighbourhood characteristics as potential aetiological factors for borderline personality pathology