Allometric growth of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs slaughtered with different subcutaneous fat thicknesses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the allometric growth, the correlation of the cuts with the half carcasses, and the muscularity index of the leg of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs slaughtered with 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). Twenty-four non-castrated male lambs were used, being distributed according to their weight into three collective pens. Slaughtering occurred as the lambs reached the SFT predetermined by ultrasound. The half carcasses were weighed, dissected, and separated into five cuts: neck, shoulders, rib, loin, and leg. These cuts were dissected and weighed into muscle, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, and bone. In the shoulders, lambs with 2.0 and 4.0 mm SFT showed early growth. In the rib, this early precocity was observed in lambs with 4.0 mm SFT. The leg showed isogonic growth in lambs with 3.0 and 4.0 mm SFT and was the cut that best correlated with the half carcass, regardless of the SFT. The slaughter of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs with 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat allows obtaining a better allometric growth of the shoulder, rib, and leg cuts, as well as a better leg muscularity index.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento alométrico, a correlação dos cortes com as meia-carcaças e o índice de musculosidade da perna de cordeiros ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês abatidos com 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 mm de espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS). Utilizaram-se 24 cordeiros machos, não castrados, distribuídos de acordo com seu peso, em três baias coletivas. Os abates ocorreram à medida que os cordeiros atingiram a EGS pré-determinada por ultrassonografia. As meia-carcaças foram pesadas, dissecadas e separadas em cinco cortes: pescoço, paleta, costilhar, lombo e perna. Estes cortes foram dissecados e pesados em músculo, gordura subcutânea, gordura intermuscular e osso. Na paleta, cordeiros com 2,0 e 4,0 mm de EGS mostraram crescimento precoce. No costilhar, observou-se essa precocidade em cordeiros com 4,0 mm de EGS. A perna mostrou crescimento isogônico em cordeiros com 3,0 e 4,0 mm de EGS e foi o corte que melhor correlacionou-se com a meia-carcaça, independentemente da EGS. O abate de cordeiros ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês com 4,0 mm de espessura de gordura subcutânea permite obter melhor crescimento alométrico dos cortes paleta, costilhar e perna, bem como melhor índice de musculosidade da perna.To Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), for partial financing (Finance Code 001); to Programa de Estímulo à Mobilidade e ao Aumento da Cooperação Acadêmica da Pós- Graduação em Sergipe (Promob), for support (Capes/ Fapitec/SE numbers 08/2013 and 10/2016); and to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), for financial support.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Crescimento alométrico de cordeiros ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês abatidos com diferentes espessuras de gordura subcutânea

The objective of this work was to evaluate the allometric growth, the correlation of the cuts with the half carcasses, and the muscularity index of the leg of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs slaughtered with 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). Twenty-four non-castrated male lambs were used, being distributed according to their weight into three collective pens. Slaughtering occurred as the lambs reached the SFT predetermined by ultrasound. The half carcasses were weighed, dissected, and separated into five cuts: neck, shoulders, rib, loin, and leg. These cuts were dissected and weighed into muscle, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, and bone. In the shoulders, lambs with 2.0 and 4.0 mm SFT showed early growth. In the rib, this early precocity was observed in lambs with 4.0 mm SFT. The leg showed isogonic growth in lambs with 3.0 and 4.0 mm SFT and was the cut that best correlated with the half carcass, regardless of the SFT. The slaughter of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs with 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat allows obtaining a better allometric growth of the shoulder, rib, and leg cuts, as well as a better leg muscularity index.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento alométrico, a correlação dos cortes com as meia-carcaças e o índice de musculosidade da perna de cordeiros ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês abatidos com 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 mm de espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS). Utilizaram-se 24 cordeiros machos, não castrados, distribuídos de acordo com seu peso, em três baias coletivas. Os abates ocorreram à medida que os cordeiros atingiram a EGS pré-determinada por ultrassonografia. As meia-carcaças foram pesadas, dissecadas e separadas em cinco cortes: pescoço, paleta, costilhar, lombo e perna. Estes cortes foram dissecados e pesados em músculo, gordura subcutânea, gordura intermuscular e osso. Na paleta, cordeiros com 2,0 e 4,0 mm de EGS mostraram crescimento precoce. No costilhar, observou-se essa precocidade em cordeiros com 4,0 mm de EGS. A perna mostrou crescimento isogônico em cordeiros com 3,0 e 4,0 mm de EGS e foi o corte que melhor correlacionou-se com a meia-carcaça, independentemente da EGS. O abate de cordeiros ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês com 4,0 mm de espessura de gordura subcutânea permite obter melhor crescimento alométrico dos cortes paleta, costilhar e perna, bem como melhor índice de musculosidade da perna

Validation of body condition score system in Holstein x Zebu cows via ultrasound method during the transition period and early lactation

This study aims to validate, by means of subcutaneous rump fat thickness (RFT), the suitability of the visual evaluation of body condition score (BCS) to indicate the body condition of crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Zebu) during the transition period and early lactation. Animals were selected according to lactation period and distributed into three groups: PP (0 to 4 weeks antepartum; n = 30), L4 (0 to 4 weeks postpartum; n = 15), and L + 5 (5 to 14 weeks postpartum; n = 63). The relationship among RFT, BCS, and body weight (BW) was investigated using correlation and regression analyses. The variables BCS, RFT, and BW were different among the three groups (P < 0.05). The correlations between BCS and RFT were higher in groups PP and L + 5 (r = 0.78 and r = 0.71 respectively). However, the L4 group showed a weak correlation (r = -0.04). The regression models were able to explain how much RFT varies because of changes in BCS, with coefficients of determination equal to 0.61 for PP and 0.51 for L + 5 group. In conclusion, BCS can be considered a good predictor of RFT for crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows in antepartum and postpartum for over 5 weeks of lactation

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Uso de levedura seca na alimentação de cabras saanen, primíparas e multíparas, em lactação

There were used 24 Saanen goats, 15 multiparous and nine primiparous, distributed in a completely randomized design in factorial arrangement (3 diets x 2 orders of parturition). The treatments were soybean meal (SB), soybean + dry yeast (SBDY) or dry yeast (DY) as a protein source in diets, where the corn silage has participated in 40% of the mixture. The objectives were to determine the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, to estimate the energy value of feeds, to evaluate the intake of dry matter, lactation curves and body weight and to evaluate the yield and milk quality of Saanen goats. The lactation was divided into three stages: post-partum (up to 60 days of lactation), post-peak (61 to 130 days) and late lactation (131 to 200 days). The intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were determined in three phases and the fecal excretion was estimated using indigestible neutral detergent fiber as internal marker. For analysis of the lactation curves was assumed the nonlinear model of Wood. The controls of intake and milk production were daily. Diets did not affect dry matter intake (DMI). Multiparous goats had higher DMI and nutrients compared to primiparous. The digestibility of dry matter and TDN were higher for primiparous in the post-partum. In the post-peak and in the end of lactation no difference was observed in digestibility of DM and nutrients for orders of parturition. The TDN was similar to the diets. The goats fed with DY diet had lower urea nitrogen in blood. For primiparous goats receiving diets SBDY and DY the milk initial production increased, however, for multiparous this production decreased. The dry yeast decreased the rate of production increase to peak for primiparous, but to the multiparous were observed the reverse. For primiparous goats the diet SBDY decreased the rate of decline in production after the peak, although for multiparous the dry yeast in the diet increased the rate of decline in production after peak. The highest average daily production was observed for primiparous receiving the SB diet, while for the multiparous, higher average daily production was the diet with DY. The diets did not affect the DMI in the pre-partum, post-partum and post-peak. However, goats consuming DY diet had lower DMI in the end of lactation. Among orders of parturition the higher DMI were observed to the multiparous in the pre-partum, post-partum and post-peak. Milk production was not changed by the diets. Multiparous goats produced more milk at all stages of production. The efficiency of milk production was not affected by diet or orders of parturition. The percentage of protein and lactose, density and acidity in milk were not influenced by diets or orders of parturition. However, the percentages of fat and total solids in the post-partum period were higher for primiparous goats. The somatic cell count was lower for the multiparous in the post-peak. The use of dry yeast in substitution of soybean meal in diets for feeding Saanen goats primiparous and multiparous in lactation is a good alternative to maintain the nutritional value of diets and the milk production. However, for primiparous goats, the dry yeast changes the parameters of lactation curve.Foram utilizadas 24 cabras Saanen em lactação sendo 15 multíparas e nove primíparas distribuídas no delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial (3 rações x2 ordens de parto). As rações foram constituídas por farelo de soja (FS), farelo de soja + levedura seca (FSLV) ou levedura seca (LV) como fonte de proteína, em que a silagem de milho participou de 40% da mistura. Os objetivos do trabalho foram determinar a ingestão e a digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes, estimar o valor energético de rações, avaliar a ingestão de matéria seca, as curvas de lactação e o peso vivo e avaliar a produção e qualidade do leite de cabras Saanen. A lactação foi dividida em três fases: pós-parto (até 60 dias de lactação), pós-pico (61 a 130 dias) e final de lactação (131 até 200 dias). A ingestão e a digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes e os nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) foram determinados nas três fases, sendo a excreção fecal estimada utilizando a fibra em detergente neutro indigestível como indicador interno. Para análise das curvas de lactação foi assumido o modelo de Wood não-linear. Os controles da ingestão e da produção de leite foram diários. As rações não influenciaram a ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) e dos nutrientes. As cabras multíparas apresentaram maior IMS e dos nutrientes comparadas às primíparas. A digestibilidade da matéria seca e o NDT foram maiores para as primíparas no pós-parto. No pós-pico e final de lactação não houve diferença na digestibilidade da MS e dos nutrientes entre as ordens de parto. O NDT foi semelhante entre as rações. As cabras alimentadas com a ração LV apresentaram menor concentração de nitrogênio ureico no sangue. Para as cabras primíparas que receberam as rações FSLV e LV, a produção inicial de leite aumentou, no entanto, para as multíparas essa produção diminuiu. A inclusão de levedura seca diminuiu a taxa de acréscimo da produção até o pico para as primíparas, porém para as multíparas foi observado o inverso. Para as cabras primíparas, a ração FSLV diminuiu a taxa de decréscimo da produção após o pico, embora para as multíparas a inclusão de levedura seca nas rações aumentou a taxa de decréscimo da produção após o pico. A maior produção média diária foi observada para as primíparas que receberam a ração FS, enquanto que, para as multíparas, foi observada maior produção média diária para a ração LV. As rações não interferiram na ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) no pré-parto, pós-parto e pós-pico. No entanto, cabras consumindo a ração LV apresentaram menor IMS no final da lactação. A IMS entre as ordens de parto alteraram para o pré-parto, pós-parto e pós-pico, com maior IMS para as multíparas. A produção de leite não foi alterada pelas rações. As cabras multíparas apresentaram maior produção de leite em todas as fases produtivas. A eficiência de produção de leite não foi influenciada pelas rações ou ordens de partos. Os teores de proteína e lactose, a densidade e a acidez no leite não foram influenciadas pelas rações ou ordens de parto. No entanto, os teores de gordura e sólidos totais no pós-parto foram maiores para cabras primíparas. A contagem de células somáticas foi menor para as multíparas no pós-pico. A utilização da levedura seca em substituição ao farelo de soja nas rações é uma boa alternativa para a alimentação de cabras Saanen primíparas e multíparas em lactação, pois mantém o valor nutritivo das rações e a produção de leite. No entanto, para as cabras primíparas, a levedura seca altera os parâmetros da curva de lactação.xv, 63