58 research outputs found

    Mind wandering and driving: a responsibility case-control study

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    Objective To assess the association between mind wandering (i.e. thinking unrelated to the task at hand) and the risk of being responsible for the crash. Design Responsibility case-control study. Setting Adult emergency department of the Bordeaux University hospital (France) from April 2010 to August 2011. Participants 955 injured drivers presenting as a result of motor vehicle crash. Main outcome measures The main outcome variable was responsibility for the crash. Exposures were mind wandering, external distraction, negative affect, alcohol use, psychotropic medicine use, and sleep deprivation. Potential confounders were sociodemographic and crash characteristics. Results Beyond classical risk factors found to be associated with responsibility, the results showed that intense mind wandering was associated with being responsible for a crash (17% [responsible] vs. 9% [not responsible]; adjusted OR [95% CI]=2.12 [1.37-3.28]). Conclusions Mind wandering while driving, by decoupling attention from visual and auditory perceptions, may jeopardize the ability of the driver to incorporate information from the environment, thereby threatening safety on the roads. Our findings provide support for the latest research designed to develop systems to detect periods of driving vulnerability related to inattention. In addition, further research is recommended to assess how these results could lead to innovative interventions such as attentional training for drivers at risk of inattention

    Health-related factors and road safety : influence of medicine use (The CESIR-A study)

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    La prise de conscience de l’implication des mĂ©dicaments dans la genĂšse des accidents de la route date d’une vingtaine d’annĂ©es. Les mĂ©dicaments psycho-actifs peuvent altĂ©rer les capacitĂ©s de conduite par leur action sur le systĂšme nerveux (par exemple, un effet sĂ©datif le lendemain d’une prise d’hypnotique). D’autres mĂ©dicaments sont susceptibles d’affecter les fonctions psychomotrices par leur action sur les fonctions physiologiques (tel que les hypoglycĂ©mies liĂ©es Ă  un traitement antidiabĂ©tique). L’étude CESIR-A a Ă©tĂ© mise en place pour contribuer Ă  la connaissance du lien Ă©pidĂ©miologique entre mĂ©dicaments et accidents de la route. L’étude utilise trois bases de donnĂ©es françaises : le SystĂšme National d’Information Inter-RĂ©gimes de l’Assurance Maladie (SNIIR-AM), les ProcĂšs Verbaux d’accidents (PV) et les Bulletins d’Analyse des Accidents Corporels de la circulation (BAAC). L’appariement de ces donnĂ©es a conduit Ă  l’inclusion de 72,685 conducteurs impliquĂ©s dans un accident corporel sur la pĂ©riode juillet 2005-mai 2008. L’analyse a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e grĂące Ă  deux mĂ©thodes: une analyse cas-tĂ©moin comparant les responsables aux non-responsables des accidents et une analyse dite en case-crossover. Les pĂ©riodes d’exposition aux mĂ©dicaments ont Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©es Ă  partir des dates de dĂ©livrances de mĂ©dicaments prescrits, puis remboursĂ©s par l’assurance maladie. L’étude des mĂ©dicaments regroupĂ©s selon les quatre niveaux de risque sur la conduite dĂ©finis par l’Agence Française de SĂ©curitĂ© Sanitaire des Produits de SantĂ© (AFSSAPS) [du niveau 0 (pas de risque) au niveau 3 (risque Ă©levĂ©)], a montrĂ© que les utilisateurs de mĂ©dicaments prescrits de niveau 2 et de niveau 3 ont un risque significativement plus Ă©levĂ© d’ĂȘtre responsables de leur accident (OR=1,31 [1,24-1,40] et OR=1,25 [1,12-1,40], respectivement). La fraction de risque attribuable Ă  l’utilisation de ces mĂ©dicaments Ă©tait de 3,3% [2,7%-3,9%]. Le risque d’ĂȘtre responsable d’un accident Ă©tait augmentĂ© chez les utilisateurs de zolpidem (OR=1,28 [1,07-1,53]) mais pas chez les utilisateurs de zopiclone ou de benzodiazĂ©pines hypnotiques. Plus particuliĂšrement, ce risque Ă©tait augmentĂ© chez les 139 conducteurs ayant eu plus d’un comprimĂ© de zolpidem dĂ©livrĂ© par jour au cours des cinq mois prĂ©cĂ©dant l’accident (OR=2,38 [1,61-3,52]). L’analyse case-crossover a mis en Ă©vidence un sur-risque d’accident de la route chez les utilisateurs de benzodiazĂ©pines hypnotiques seulement (OR=1,42 [1,09-1,85]). Les conducteurs exposĂ©s aux hypnotiques partagent les mĂȘmes caractĂ©ristiques au regard du type d’accident, qui survenaient plus frĂ©quemment sur autoroute. Dans notre base de donnĂ©es, 196 conducteurs ont Ă©tĂ© exposĂ©s Ă  la buprĂ©norphine et/ou Ă  la mĂ©thadone, le jour de leur accident. Cette population spĂ©cifique Ă©tait jeune, essentiellement masculine, avec d’importantes co-consommations, notamment d’alcool de mĂ©dicaments de niveau 3. Les conducteurs exposĂ©s Ă  la buprĂ©norphine et/ou Ă  la mĂ©thadone prĂ©sentaient un risque accru d’ĂȘtre responsables de leur accident (OR= 2,19 [1,51-3,16]). Notre Ă©tude fournit des informations importantes sur la contribution des mĂ©dicaments au risque d’accident de la route. D’aprĂšs nos rĂ©sultats, la classification de l’AFSSAPS semble appropriĂ©e concernant les mĂ©dicaments de niveaux 2 et 3. Les sur-risques d’ĂȘtre responsable d’un accident chez les exposĂ©s au zolpidem ou aux traitements de substitution pourraient ĂȘtre liĂ©s, au moins en partie, au comportement Ă  risque de ces conducteurs. L’amĂ©lioration du comportement des conducteurs reprĂ©sente un des dĂ©fis pour la sĂ©curitĂ© routiĂšre. L’objectif de la classification française et de la signalĂ©tique apposĂ©e sur les boĂźtes de mĂ©dicaments est donc de fournir aux patients une information appropriĂ©e sur les effets des mĂ©dicaments sur leur capacitĂ© de conduite.In recent decades, attention has been increasingly focused on the impact of disabilities and medicinal drug use on road safety. Psychoactive medicines may impair driving abilities due to their action on the central nervous system (e.g. sedation in the morning following administration of a hypnotic), while other medicines may affect psychomotor functions by their action on physiological functions (e.g hypoglycaemic seizures related to diabetic treatment). The CESIR-A project was set up to improve the epidemiological knowledge on medicines and the risk of road traffic crashes. The study matched three French nationwide databases: the national healthcare insurance database, police reports, and the police national database of injurious crashes, leading to the inclusion of 72,685 drivers involved in an injurious road traffic crash from July 2005 to May 2008. Two methods were performed for data analysis: a case-control analysis in which cases where responsible drivers and controls non-responsible ones and a case-crossover analysis. Medicine exposures were estimated from prescription drug dispensations in the healthcare reimbursement database. The study of medicines grouped according to the four levels of driving impairment risk of the French classification system [from 0 (no risk) to 3 (high risk)], showed that users of level 2 and level 3 prescribed medicines were at higher risk of being responsible for the crash (OR=1.31 [1.24-1.40] and OR=1.25 [1.12-1.40], respectively). The fraction of road traffic crashes attributable to levels 2 and 3 medicines was 3.3% [2.7%-3.9%]. Zolpidem use was associated with an increased risk of being responsible for a road traffic crash (OR=1.28 [1.07-1.53]) whereas use of zopiclone and benzodiazepine hypnotics use was not. Responsibility risk was only increased in the 139 drivers with dispensing of more than one pill of zolpidem a day during the five months before the crash (OR=2.38 [1.61-3.52]). Case-crossover analysis showed an increased risk of crash for benzodiazepine hypnotic users only (OR=1.42 [1.09-1.85]). Hypnotic users shared similar crash characteristics, with crashes more likely to occur on highways. In our database, 196 drivers were exposed to buprenorphine and/or methadone on the day of crash. This specific population was young, essentially males, with important co-consumption of other substances, in particular alcohol and level 3 medicines. Injured drivers exposed to buprenorphine and/or methadone on the day of crash, had an increased risk of being responsible (OR=2.19 [1.51-3.16]). The case cross-over analysis did not demonstrate any association (OR=1.26 [0.93 - 1.70]). Our study provides evidence of the contribution of medicines to the risk of road traffic crashes. According to our results, the French risk classification seems relevant regarding medicines classified as levels 2 and 3 of risk for road traffic crashes. The observed increased risks of being responsible for a crash for zolpidem and substitution maintenance treatment users may be linked to risky behaviors. Improving driver behaviour is one of the challenges for road safety. Providing patients with proper information on the potential effect of medicines on their driving abilities is the main objective of drug and risk classifications such as the French one

    Health-related factors and road safety : influence of medicine use (The CESIR-A study)

    No full text
    La prise de conscience de l’implication des mĂ©dicaments dans la genĂšse des accidents de la route date d’une vingtaine d’annĂ©es. Les mĂ©dicaments psycho-actifs peuvent altĂ©rer les capacitĂ©s de conduite par leur action sur le systĂšme nerveux (par exemple, un effet sĂ©datif le lendemain d’une prise d’hypnotique). D’autres mĂ©dicaments sont susceptibles d’affecter les fonctions psychomotrices par leur action sur les fonctions physiologiques (tel que les hypoglycĂ©mies liĂ©es Ă  un traitement antidiabĂ©tique). L’étude CESIR-A a Ă©tĂ© mise en place pour contribuer Ă  la connaissance du lien Ă©pidĂ©miologique entre mĂ©dicaments et accidents de la route. L’étude utilise trois bases de donnĂ©es françaises : le SystĂšme National d’Information Inter-RĂ©gimes de l’Assurance Maladie (SNIIR-AM), les ProcĂšs Verbaux d’accidents (PV) et les Bulletins d’Analyse des Accidents Corporels de la circulation (BAAC). L’appariement de ces donnĂ©es a conduit Ă  l’inclusion de 72,685 conducteurs impliquĂ©s dans un accident corporel sur la pĂ©riode juillet 2005-mai 2008. L’analyse a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e grĂące Ă  deux mĂ©thodes: une analyse cas-tĂ©moin comparant les responsables aux non-responsables des accidents et une analyse dite en case-crossover. Les pĂ©riodes d’exposition aux mĂ©dicaments ont Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©es Ă  partir des dates de dĂ©livrances de mĂ©dicaments prescrits, puis remboursĂ©s par l’assurance maladie. L’étude des mĂ©dicaments regroupĂ©s selon les quatre niveaux de risque sur la conduite dĂ©finis par l’Agence Française de SĂ©curitĂ© Sanitaire des Produits de SantĂ© (AFSSAPS) [du niveau 0 (pas de risque) au niveau 3 (risque Ă©levĂ©)], a montrĂ© que les utilisateurs de mĂ©dicaments prescrits de niveau 2 et de niveau 3 ont un risque significativement plus Ă©levĂ© d’ĂȘtre responsables de leur accident (OR=1,31 [1,24-1,40] et OR=1,25 [1,12-1,40], respectivement). La fraction de risque attribuable Ă  l’utilisation de ces mĂ©dicaments Ă©tait de 3,3% [2,7%-3,9%]. Le risque d’ĂȘtre responsable d’un accident Ă©tait augmentĂ© chez les utilisateurs de zolpidem (OR=1,28 [1,07-1,53]) mais pas chez les utilisateurs de zopiclone ou de benzodiazĂ©pines hypnotiques. Plus particuliĂšrement, ce risque Ă©tait augmentĂ© chez les 139 conducteurs ayant eu plus d’un comprimĂ© de zolpidem dĂ©livrĂ© par jour au cours des cinq mois prĂ©cĂ©dant l’accident (OR=2,38 [1,61-3,52]). L’analyse case-crossover a mis en Ă©vidence un sur-risque d’accident de la route chez les utilisateurs de benzodiazĂ©pines hypnotiques seulement (OR=1,42 [1,09-1,85]). Les conducteurs exposĂ©s aux hypnotiques partagent les mĂȘmes caractĂ©ristiques au regard du type d’accident, qui survenaient plus frĂ©quemment sur autoroute. Dans notre base de donnĂ©es, 196 conducteurs ont Ă©tĂ© exposĂ©s Ă  la buprĂ©norphine et/ou Ă  la mĂ©thadone, le jour de leur accident. Cette population spĂ©cifique Ă©tait jeune, essentiellement masculine, avec d’importantes co-consommations, notamment d’alcool de mĂ©dicaments de niveau 3. Les conducteurs exposĂ©s Ă  la buprĂ©norphine et/ou Ă  la mĂ©thadone prĂ©sentaient un risque accru d’ĂȘtre responsables de leur accident (OR= 2,19 [1,51-3,16]). Notre Ă©tude fournit des informations importantes sur la contribution des mĂ©dicaments au risque d’accident de la route. D’aprĂšs nos rĂ©sultats, la classification de l’AFSSAPS semble appropriĂ©e concernant les mĂ©dicaments de niveaux 2 et 3. Les sur-risques d’ĂȘtre responsable d’un accident chez les exposĂ©s au zolpidem ou aux traitements de substitution pourraient ĂȘtre liĂ©s, au moins en partie, au comportement Ă  risque de ces conducteurs. L’amĂ©lioration du comportement des conducteurs reprĂ©sente un des dĂ©fis pour la sĂ©curitĂ© routiĂšre. L’objectif de la classification française et de la signalĂ©tique apposĂ©e sur les boĂźtes de mĂ©dicaments est donc de fournir aux patients une information appropriĂ©e sur les effets des mĂ©dicaments sur leur capacitĂ© de conduite.In recent decades, attention has been increasingly focused on the impact of disabilities and medicinal drug use on road safety. Psychoactive medicines may impair driving abilities due to their action on the central nervous system (e.g. sedation in the morning following administration of a hypnotic), while other medicines may affect psychomotor functions by their action on physiological functions (e.g hypoglycaemic seizures related to diabetic treatment). The CESIR-A project was set up to improve the epidemiological knowledge on medicines and the risk of road traffic crashes. The study matched three French nationwide databases: the national healthcare insurance database, police reports, and the police national database of injurious crashes, leading to the inclusion of 72,685 drivers involved in an injurious road traffic crash from July 2005 to May 2008. Two methods were performed for data analysis: a case-control analysis in which cases where responsible drivers and controls non-responsible ones and a case-crossover analysis. Medicine exposures were estimated from prescription drug dispensations in the healthcare reimbursement database. The study of medicines grouped according to the four levels of driving impairment risk of the French classification system [from 0 (no risk) to 3 (high risk)], showed that users of level 2 and level 3 prescribed medicines were at higher risk of being responsible for the crash (OR=1.31 [1.24-1.40] and OR=1.25 [1.12-1.40], respectively). The fraction of road traffic crashes attributable to levels 2 and 3 medicines was 3.3% [2.7%-3.9%]. Zolpidem use was associated with an increased risk of being responsible for a road traffic crash (OR=1.28 [1.07-1.53]) whereas use of zopiclone and benzodiazepine hypnotics use was not. Responsibility risk was only increased in the 139 drivers with dispensing of more than one pill of zolpidem a day during the five months before the crash (OR=2.38 [1.61-3.52]). Case-crossover analysis showed an increased risk of crash for benzodiazepine hypnotic users only (OR=1.42 [1.09-1.85]). Hypnotic users shared similar crash characteristics, with crashes more likely to occur on highways. In our database, 196 drivers were exposed to buprenorphine and/or methadone on the day of crash. This specific population was young, essentially males, with important co-consumption of other substances, in particular alcohol and level 3 medicines. Injured drivers exposed to buprenorphine and/or methadone on the day of crash, had an increased risk of being responsible (OR=2.19 [1.51-3.16]). The case cross-over analysis did not demonstrate any association (OR=1.26 [0.93 - 1.70]). Our study provides evidence of the contribution of medicines to the risk of road traffic crashes. According to our results, the French risk classification seems relevant regarding medicines classified as levels 2 and 3 of risk for road traffic crashes. The observed increased risks of being responsible for a crash for zolpidem and substitution maintenance treatment users may be linked to risky behaviors. Improving driver behaviour is one of the challenges for road safety. Providing patients with proper information on the potential effect of medicines on their driving abilities is the main objective of drug and risk classifications such as the French one

    SantĂ© et insĂ©curitĂ© routiĂšre (influence de la consommation de mĂ©dicaments (Étude CESIR-A))

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    La prise de conscience de l implication des mĂ©dicaments dans la genĂšse des accidents de la route date d une vingtaine d annĂ©es. Les mĂ©dicaments psycho-actifs peuvent altĂ©rer les capacitĂ©s de conduite par leur action sur le systĂšme nerveux (par exemple, un effet sĂ©datif le lendemain d une prise d hypnotique). D autres mĂ©dicaments sont susceptibles d affecter les fonctions psychomotrices par leur action sur les fonctions physiologiques (tel que les hypoglycĂ©mies liĂ©es Ă  un traitement antidiabĂ©tique). L Ă©tude CESIR-A a Ă©tĂ© mise en place pour contribuer Ă  la connaissance du lien Ă©pidĂ©miologique entre mĂ©dicaments et accidents de la route. L Ă©tude utilise trois bases de donnĂ©es françaises : le SystĂšme National d Information Inter-RĂ©gimes de l Assurance Maladie (SNIIR-AM), les ProcĂšs Verbaux d accidents (PV) et les Bulletins d Analyse des Accidents Corporels de la circulation (BAAC). L appariement de ces donnĂ©es a conduit Ă  l inclusion de 72,685 conducteurs impliquĂ©s dans un accident corporel sur la pĂ©riode juillet 2005-mai 2008. L analyse a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e grĂące Ă  deux mĂ©thodes: une analyse cas-tĂ©moin comparant les responsables aux non-responsables des accidents et une analyse dite en case-crossover. Les pĂ©riodes d exposition aux mĂ©dicaments ont Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©es Ă  partir des dates de dĂ©livrances de mĂ©dicaments prescrits, puis remboursĂ©s par l assurance maladie. L Ă©tude des mĂ©dicaments regroupĂ©s selon les quatre niveaux de risque sur la conduite dĂ©finis par l Agence Française de SĂ©curitĂ© Sanitaire des Produits de SantĂ© (AFSSAPS) [du niveau 0 (pas de risque) au niveau 3 (risque Ă©levĂ©)], a montrĂ© que les utilisateurs de mĂ©dicaments prescrits de niveau 2 et de niveau 3 ont un risque significativement plus Ă©levĂ© d ĂȘtre responsables de leur accident (OR=1,31 [1,24-1,40] et OR=1,25 [1,12-1,40], respectivement). La fraction de risque attribuable Ă  l utilisation de ces mĂ©dicaments Ă©tait de 3,3% [2,7%-3,9%]. Le risque d ĂȘtre responsable d un accident Ă©tait augmentĂ© chez les utilisateurs de zolpidem (OR=1,28 [1,07-1,53]) mais pas chez les utilisateurs de zopiclone ou de benzodiazĂ©pines hypnotiques. Plus particuliĂšrement, ce risque Ă©tait augmentĂ© chez les 139 conducteurs ayant eu plus d un comprimĂ© de zolpidem dĂ©livrĂ© par jour au cours des cinq mois prĂ©cĂ©dant l accident (OR=2,38 [1,61-3,52]). L analyse case-crossover a mis en Ă©vidence un sur-risque d accident de la route chez les utilisateurs de benzodiazĂ©pines hypnotiques seulement (OR=1,42 [1,09-1,85]). Les conducteurs exposĂ©s aux hypnotiques partagent les mĂȘmes caractĂ©ristiques au regard du type d accident, qui survenaient plus frĂ©quemment sur autoroute. Dans notre base de donnĂ©es, 196 conducteurs ont Ă©tĂ© exposĂ©s Ă  la buprĂ©norphine et/ou Ă  la mĂ©thadone, le jour de leur accident. Cette population spĂ©cifique Ă©tait jeune, essentiellement masculine, avec d importantes co-consommations, notamment d alcool de mĂ©dicaments de niveau 3. Les conducteurs exposĂ©s Ă  la buprĂ©norphine et/ou Ă  la mĂ©thadone prĂ©sentaient un risque accru d ĂȘtre responsables de leur accident (OR= 2,19 [1,51-3,16]). Notre Ă©tude fournit des informations importantes sur la contribution des mĂ©dicaments au risque d accident de la route. D aprĂšs nos rĂ©sultats, la classification de l AFSSAPS semble appropriĂ©e concernant les mĂ©dicaments de niveaux 2 et 3. Les sur-risques d ĂȘtre responsable d un accident chez les exposĂ©s au zolpidem ou aux traitements de substitution pourraient ĂȘtre liĂ©s, au moins en partie, au comportement Ă  risque de ces conducteurs. L amĂ©lioration du comportement des conducteurs reprĂ©sente un des dĂ©fis pour la sĂ©curitĂ© routiĂšre. L objectif de la classification française et de la signalĂ©tique apposĂ©e sur les boĂźtes de mĂ©dicaments est donc de fournir aux patients une information appropriĂ©e sur les effets des mĂ©dicaments sur leur capacitĂ© de conduite.In recent decades, attention has been increasingly focused on the impact of disabilities and medicinal drug use on road safety. Psychoactive medicines may impair driving abilities due to their action on the central nervous system (e.g. sedation in the morning following administration of a hypnotic), while other medicines may affect psychomotor functions by their action on physiological functions (e.g hypoglycaemic seizures related to diabetic treatment). The CESIR-A project was set up to improve the epidemiological knowledge on medicines and the risk of road traffic crashes. The study matched three French nationwide databases: the national healthcare insurance database, police reports, and the police national database of injurious crashes, leading to the inclusion of 72,685 drivers involved in an injurious road traffic crash from July 2005 to May 2008. Two methods were performed for data analysis: a case-control analysis in which cases where responsible drivers and controls non-responsible ones and a case-crossover analysis. Medicine exposures were estimated from prescription drug dispensations in the healthcare reimbursement database. The study of medicines grouped according to the four levels of driving impairment risk of the French classification system [from 0 (no risk) to 3 (high risk)], showed that users of level 2 and level 3 prescribed medicines were at higher risk of being responsible for the crash (OR=1.31 [1.24-1.40] and OR=1.25 [1.12-1.40], respectively). The fraction of road traffic crashes attributable to levels 2 and 3 medicines was 3.3% [2.7%-3.9%]. Zolpidem use was associated with an increased risk of being responsible for a road traffic crash (OR=1.28 [1.07-1.53]) whereas use of zopiclone and benzodiazepine hypnotics use was not. Responsibility risk was only increased in the 139 drivers with dispensing of more than one pill of zolpidem a day during the five months before the crash (OR=2.38 [1.61-3.52]). Case-crossover analysis showed an increased risk of crash for benzodiazepine hypnotic users only (OR=1.42 [1.09-1.85]). Hypnotic users shared similar crash characteristics, with crashes more likely to occur on highways. In our database, 196 drivers were exposed to buprenorphine and/or methadone on the day of crash. This specific population was young, essentially males, with important co-consumption of other substances, in particular alcohol and level 3 medicines. Injured drivers exposed to buprenorphine and/or methadone on the day of crash, had an increased risk of being responsible (OR=2.19 [1.51-3.16]). The case cross-over analysis did not demonstrate any association (OR=1.26 [0.93 - 1.70]). Our study provides evidence of the contribution of medicines to the risk of road traffic crashes. According to our results, the French risk classification seems relevant regarding medicines classified as levels 2 and 3 of risk for road traffic crashes. The observed increased risks of being responsible for a crash for zolpidem and substitution maintenance treatment users may be linked to risky behaviors. Improving driver behaviour is one of the challenges for road safety. Providing patients with proper information on the potential effect of medicines on their driving abilities is the main objective of drug and risk classifications such as the French one.BORDEAUX2-Bib. Ă©lectronique (335229905) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Etude de l’association entre consommation mĂ©dicamenteuse et risque d’accident de la route : exploration par simulation de schĂ©mas d’études Ă©pidĂ©miologiques applicables Ă  partir des donnĂ©es mĂ©dico-administratives

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    National audienceLes bases de donnĂ©es mĂ©dico-administratives sont de plus en plus utilisĂ©es en pharmacoĂ©pidĂ©miologie et prĂ©sentent de nombreux avantages : large Ă©chantillon, faibles coĂ»ts
 (DonnĂ©es de santĂ© : donnĂ©es sensibles, Statistique et sociĂ©tĂ©, Vol. 2, N° 2 mai 2014). Le projet CESIR, dont lesdonnĂ©es sont issues d’un appariement entre les donnĂ©es de la CNAM-TS et des accidents corporels de la circulation, en est un exemple. Il est constituĂ© d’un Ă©chantillon de 72685 conducteurs impliquĂ©s dans un accident entre juillet 2005 et mai 2008. Le choix du schĂ©ma d’étude optimal permettant d’éviter l’introduction de biais tout en conservant une bonne puissance peut s’avĂ©rer complexe du fait des particularitĂ©s de ces donnĂ©es (absence de facteurs de confusion, pas de sujets n’ayant pas connu l’évĂ©nement –tĂ©moins–
). Nous avons explorĂ©, via des simulations, diffĂ©rents schemas d’étude (cas-tĂ©moin, cas-croisĂ©...) permettant d’étudier le lien entre la consommation de deux classes de mĂ©dicaments : les benzodiazĂ©pines (dont les effets sur la conduite ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablis) et les antihistaminiques (dont les effets sont plus discutĂ©s) et le risque de survenue d’un accident de lacirculation. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© simulĂ©es en utilisant une adaptation de l’algorithme de permutation proposĂ© par Abrahamowicz et MacKenzie (JASA, 1996). La distribution des variables, dont certaines dĂ©pendent du temps, ainsi que leur effet ont Ă©tĂ© fixĂ©s en se basant sur les donnĂ©es de CESIR. LesrĂ©sultats ont permis de rĂ©pondre Ă  des questions Ă©pidĂ©miologiques soulevĂ©es lors des analyses prĂ©alablement rĂ©alisĂ©es Ă  partir de CESIR et d’émettre des recommandations en vue de l’analyse de la deuxiĂšme vague de donnĂ©es CESIR

    Impact of unmeasured covariates on bias and statistical power in health administrative databases: a simulation study

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    International audienceFrench health insurance databases (SNIIRAM) cover the entire French population. These databases include demographic (age, gender, city of residence), and out-hospital reimbursement (drug dispensing and long-term diseases). The use of these administrative databases for epidemiological research has the strengths of being readily available and relatively inexpensive. Also, the large number of patients, without loss of follow-up, allows for sufficient powering of studies. Furthermore, the information is large, comprehensive and detailed, without any exclusion.An example of use is given by the CESIR (Combination of Studies on Health and Road Safety) project. To assess the impact of medicines use on the risk of injury road traffic crashes, data from the health care insurance database were matched with data from the National police database of injurious road traffic crashes. More than seventy thousand drivers involved in an injurious crash in France, between July 2005 and May 2008, were included in the study. Their reimbursement data for drugs dispensed within six months of the road traffic crash were retrieved.Administrative databases are not without limitations. Concerning medical drugs, no information about the use of over-the-counter drugs, prescription drug misuse or medication adherence is available. Diagnoses of chronic diseases could be inaccurate since data are collected and coded in an “administrative way”. There is also a lack of information on potential confounders.In this work we explored different observational study designs that can address the research question of the CESIR project (case–control, matched case–control, case–crossover, case series. . . ). For each study design, we aimed to evaluate the impact of unmeasured confounders onbias and statistical power through data simulation. The simulation study was set up to mimic the real CESIR data in several respects. To generate event times conditional on time-dependent covariates, we adapted the permutational algorithm implemented in the publicly available R packagePermAlgo. We focused on two medicinal drugs: Benzodiazepines (whose effects on crash risk are well established in the literature) and Antihistamines for systemic use (whose effects are controversial). Our results allowed us to develop several recommendations to guide future analyses of the second phase of the CESIR project (comprising the period June 2008 to December 2011)

    Etude de l’association entre consommation mĂ©dicamenteuse et risque d’accident de la route : exploration par simulation de schĂ©mas d’études Ă©pidĂ©miologiques applicables Ă  partir des donnĂ©es mĂ©dico-administratives

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    National audienceLes bases de donnĂ©es mĂ©dico-administratives sont de plus en plus utilisĂ©es en pharmacoĂ©pidĂ©miologie et prĂ©sentent de nombreux avantages : large Ă©chantillon, faibles coĂ»ts
 (DonnĂ©es de santĂ© : donnĂ©es sensibles, Statistique et sociĂ©tĂ©, Vol. 2, N° 2 mai 2014). Le projet CESIR, dont lesdonnĂ©es sont issues d’un appariement entre les donnĂ©es de la CNAM-TS et des accidents corporels de la circulation, en est un exemple. Il est constituĂ© d’un Ă©chantillon de 72685 conducteurs impliquĂ©s dans un accident entre juillet 2005 et mai 2008. Le choix du schĂ©ma d’étude optimal permettant d’éviter l’introduction de biais tout en conservant une bonne puissance peut s’avĂ©rer complexe du fait des particularitĂ©s de ces donnĂ©es (absence de facteurs de confusion, pas de sujets n’ayant pas connu l’évĂ©nement –tĂ©moins–
). Nous avons explorĂ©, via des simulations, diffĂ©rents schemas d’étude (cas-tĂ©moin, cas-croisĂ©...) permettant d’étudier le lien entre la consommation de deux classes de mĂ©dicaments : les benzodiazĂ©pines (dont les effets sur la conduite ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablis) et les antihistaminiques (dont les effets sont plus discutĂ©s) et le risque de survenue d’un accident de lacirculation. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© simulĂ©es en utilisant une adaptation de l’algorithme de permutation proposĂ© par Abrahamowicz et MacKenzie (JASA, 1996). La distribution des variables, dont certaines dĂ©pendent du temps, ainsi que leur effet ont Ă©tĂ© fixĂ©s en se basant sur les donnĂ©es de CESIR. LesrĂ©sultats ont permis de rĂ©pondre Ă  des questions Ă©pidĂ©miologiques soulevĂ©es lors des analyses prĂ©alablement rĂ©alisĂ©es Ă  partir de CESIR et d’émettre des recommandations en vue de l’analyse de la deuxiĂšme vague de donnĂ©es CESIR

    High–Dimensional Sparse Matched Case–Control and Case–Crossover Data: A Review of Recent Works, Description of an R Tool and an Illustration of the Use in Epidemiological Studies

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    International audienceThe conditional logistic regression model is the standard tool for the analysis of epidemiological studies in which one or more cases (the event of interest), are matched with one or more controls (not showing the event). These situations arise, for example, in matched case–control and case–crossover studies. In sparse and high-dimensional settings, penalized methods, such as the Lasso, have emerged as an alternative to conventional estimation and variable selection procedures. We describe the R package clogitLasso, which brings together algorithms to estimate parameters of conditional logistic models using sparsity-inducing penalties. Most individually matched designs are covered, and, beside Lasso, Elastic Net, adaptive Lasso and bootstrapped versions are available. Different criteria for choosing the regularization term are implemented, accounting for the dependency of data. Finally, stability is assessed by resampling methods. We previously review the recent works pertaining to clogitLasso. We also report the use in exploratory analysis of a large pharmacoepidemiological study

    Sparse conditional logistic regression for analyzing large-scale matched data from epidemiological studies: a simple algorithm

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    International audienceThis paper considers the problem of estimation and variable selection for large high-dimensional data (high number of predictors p and large sample size N, without excluding the possibility that N < p) resulting from an individually matched case-control study. We develop a simple algorithm for the adaptation of the Lasso and related methods to the conditional logistic regression model. Our proposal relies on the simplification of the calculations involved in the likelihood function. Then, the proposed algorithm iteratively solves reweighted Lasso problems using cyclical coordinate descent, computed along a regularization path. This method can handle large problems and deal with sparse features efficiently. We discuss benefits and drawbacks with respect to the existing available implementations. We also illustrate the interest and use of these techniques on a pharmacoepidemiological study of medication use and traffic safety
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