Differences between Atrial Fibrillation Detected before and after Stroke and TIA: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) detected after stroke (AFDAS) may have a lower prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and lower risk of stroke recurrence than AF known before stroke (KAF). Objective: We performed a systematic search and meta-analysis to compare the characteristics of AFDAS and KAF. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE for articles reporting differences between AFDAS and KAF until June 30, 2021. We performed random- or fixed-effects meta-analyses to evaluate differences between AFDAS and KAF in demographic factors, vascular risk factors, prevalent vascular comorbidities, structural heart disease, stroke severity, insular cortex involvement, stroke recurrence, and death. Results: In 21 studies including 22,566 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, the prevalence of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, and a history of cerebrovascular events was significantly lower in AFDAS than KAF. Left atrial size was smaller, and left ventricular ejection fraction was higher in AFDAS than KAF. The risk of recurrent stroke was 26% lower in AFDAS than in KAF. There were no differences in age, sex, stroke severity, or death rates between AFDAS and KAF. There were not enough studies to report differences in insular cortex involvement between AF types. Conclusions: We found significant differences in the prevalence of vascular comorbidities, structural heart disease, and stroke recurrence rates between AFDAS and KAF, suggesting that they constitute different clinical entities within the AF spectrum. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42020202622

Atrial cardiopathy and cognitive impairment

Cognitive impairment involves complex interactions between multiple pathways and mechanisms, one of which being cardiac disorders. Atrial cardiopathy (AC) is a structural and functional disorder of the left atrium that may be a substrate for other cardiac disorders such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). The association between AF and HF and cognitive decline is clear; however, the relationship between AC and cognition requires further investigation. Studies have shown that several markers of AC, such as increased brain natriuretic peptide and left atrial enlargement, are associated with an increased risk for cognitive impairment. The pathophysiology of cognitive decline in patients with AC is not yet well understood. Advancing our understanding of the relationship between AC and cognition may point to important treatable targets and inform future therapeutic advancements. This review presents our current understanding of the diagnosis of AC, as well as clinical characteristics and potential pathways involved in the association between AC and cognitive impairment

The spectroscopic observations of CoRoT asteroseismic targets with HARPS

CoRoT photometric measurements of asteroseismic targets need complementary ground-based spectroscopic observations. We are using the planet-hunter HARPS spectrograph attached to the 3.6m-ESO telescope in the framework of two consecutive Large Programmes. We discuss its use to study line-profile variations and we report on a specific result obtained for the Delta Sct star HD 170699.Comment: Proceedings of the 20th Stellar Pulsation Conference Series: "Impact of new instrumentation & new insights in stellar pulsations", 5-9 September 2011, Granada, Spai

Galectins in intestinal inflammation: Galectin-1 expression delineates response to treatment in celiac disease patients

Galectins, a family of animal lectins characterized by their affinity for N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates, modulate several immune cell processes shaping the course of innate and adaptive immune responses. Through interaction with a wide range of glycosylated receptors bearing complex branched N-glycans and core 2-O-glycans, these endogenous lectins trigger distinct signaling programs thereby controling immune cell activation, differentiation, recruitment and survival. Given the unique features of mucosal inflammation and the differential expression of galectins throughout the gastrointestinal tract, we discuss here key findings on the role of galectins in intestinal inflammation, particularly Crohn´s disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease (CeD) patients, as well as in murine models resembling these inflammatory conditions. In addition, we present new data highlighting the regulated expression of galectin-1 (Gal-1), a proto-type member of the galectin family, during intestinal inflammation in untreated and treated CeD patients. Our results unveil a substantial upregulation of Gal-1 accompanying the anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic response associated with gluten-free diet in CeD patients, suggesting a major role of this lectin in favoring resolution of inflammation and restoration of mucosal homeostasis. Thus, a coordinated network of galectins and their glycosylated ligands, exerting either anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory responses, may influence the interplay between intestinal epithelial cells and the highly specialized gut immune system in physiologic and pathologic settings.Fil: Sundblad, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Quintar, Amado Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Morosi, Luciano Gastón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Niveloni, Sonia I.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Cabanne, Ana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Smecuol, Edgardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Mauriño, Eduardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Mariño, Karina Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Bai, Julio C.. Universidad del Salvador; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Maldonado, Cristina Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentin

Spatial and temporal variability of grain yield under no-tillage cropping system

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial e temporal da produtividade de soja, milho e trigo, em uma lavoura comercial de 57 ha, não irrigada, manejada há mais de dez anos sob sistema plantio direto, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico, em Palmeira das Missões, RS. A coleta de dados de produtividade de seis cultivos, entre 2000 e 2005, foi realizada por colhedora equipada com monitor de produtividade. Análises estatísticas e geoestatísticas foram realizadas a fim de avaliar a variabilidade espacial e a presença de dependência espacial ao longo dos anos. A produtividade da soja, do milho e do trigo alcançada apresenta variabilidade com continuidade espacial, correlacionando-se entre si, ao longo dos anos. Em anos de deficit hídrico, verifica-se aumento da variabilidade espacial da produtividade. A cultura do milho é mais eficiente do que a da soja em detectar a variabilidade espacial da produtividade existente na lavoura.The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial and temporal yield variability of soybean, corn and wheat in a 57 ha cropland, without irrigation, under no-till for more than ten years in a Typic Hapludox, located in Palmeira das Missões, RS. Yield data of crops from 2000 to 2005 were collected using a combine equipped with yield monitor. Statistical and geostatistical analysis were performed to monitor the range of the spatial variability and its spatial dependence, as well as its behavior over the years. Soybean, corn and wheat yield present spatial variability, which is maintained over time. In dry years, yield variance coefficient increases compared to wet years. Corn was more efficient than soybean to identify spatial yield variability in the cropland

Inductores hormonales en el desarrollo radicular y perfilo de la cana de azúcar

Os indutores hormonais, bioestimulantes ou reguladores de crescimento são substâncias aplicadas exogenamente com baixíssimo peso molecular na ordem de 10-4M com a finalidade de estimular o mecanismo hormonal da planta. A sua utilização no desenvolvimento radicular e perfilhamento da cana-de-açúcar vêm sendo uma prática agrícola. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a emergência das mudas, o desenvolvimento radicular e o perfilhamento da planta à associação de reguladores de crescimento, aplicados no sulco de plantio. O ensaio foi realizado na estação experimental da UNIFAI na cidade de Adamantina-SP. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, num fatorial com parcelas subdivididas, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições, com mudas da variedade CTC15. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1- Testemunha; T2- Indutor A: 0,5 L ha-1; T3- Indutor A: 0,5 L ha-1 + Indutor B: 2 kg ha-1; T4- Indutor A: 0,5 L ha-1 + Indutor C: 3 L ha-1. Foram realizadas medições dos perfílhos a cada sete dias e com 78 dias foram avaliados o comprimento e a matéria fresca da parta aérea, a matéria fresca da raiz e a quantidade de perfilhos. Os resultados obtidos foram: no comprimento da parte aérea o T2 e T3 obtiveram 73,60 e 72,11 cm respectivamente, diferenciando significativamente do T1 que apresentou 31,60 cm, já o T4 não diferenciou significativamente entre os tratamentos; a quantidade de perfilhos foi de 1,33 no T1 a 2,26 no T2 e T3, a matéria fresca da raiz foi de 29,00 g no T4 a 35,40 g no T2 e a matéria fresca da parte aérea de 46,00 g no T1 e 55,80 g no T2. Portanto, os dados denotaram diferenças significativas nos parâmetros avaliados.Hormone inducers, biostimulants or growth regulators are exogenously applied substances with a very low molecular weight in the order of 10-4M in order to stimulate the hormonal mechanism of the plant. Its use in the root development and tillering of sugarcane has been an agricultural practice. The objective of this work was to evaluate the emergence of seedlings, root development and tillering of the plant to the association of growth regulators, applied in the planting groove. The experiment was carried out at the UNIFAI experimental station in the city of Adamantina-SP. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial with subdivided plots, with four treatments and five replications, with seedlings of the variety CTC15. The treatments used were: T1- Witness; T2- Inductor A: 0,5 L ha-1; T3- Inductor A: 0,5 L ha-1 + Inducer B: 2 kg ha-1; T4- Inductor A: 0,5 L ha-1 + Inductor C: 3 L ha-1. Measurements were made of the profiles every 7 days and at 78 days the length and fresh matter of the aerial part, the fresh matter of the root and the number of tillers were evaluated. The results obtained were: in the aerial part length T2 and T3 obtained 73,60 and 72,11 cm respectively, differing significantly from T1 that presented 31,60 cm, whereas T4 did not differentiate significantly between treatments; the amount of tillers was 1,33 in T1 at 2,26 in T2 and T3, the fresh matter of the root was 29,00 g in T4 at 35,40 g in T2 and the fresh matter of aerial part of 46,00 g on T1 and 55,80 g on T2. Therefore, the data showed significant differences in the parameters evaluated.Los inductores hormonales, bioestimulantes o reguladores de crecimiento son sustancias aplicadas exógicamente con bajísimo peso molecular en el orden de 10-4 M con el fin de estimular el mecanismo hormonal de la planta. Su utilización en el desarrollo radicular y el perfilado de la caña de azúcar viene siendo una práctica agrícola. Se objetivó en este trabajo evaluar la emergencia de las mudas, el desarrollo radicular y el perfilado de la planta a la asociación de reguladores de crecimiento, aplicados en el surco de plantación. El ensayo fue realizado en la estación experimental de la UNIFAI en la ciudad de Adamantina-SP. El delineamiento experimental fue completamente casualizado, en un factorial con parcelas subdivididas, con cuatro tratamientos y cinco repeticiones, con mudas de la variedad CTC15. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron: T1- Testigo; T2- Inductor A: 0,5 L ha-1; T3- Inductor A: 0,5 L ha-1 + Inductor B: 2 kg ha-1; T4- Inductor A: 0,5 L ha-1 + Inductor C: 3 L ha-1. Se realizaron mediciones de los perfiles cada siete días y con 78 días se evaluaron la longitud y la materia fresca de la parte aérea, la materia fresca de la raíz y la cantidad de perfiles. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: en la longitud de la parte aérea el T2 y T3 obtuvieron 73,60 y 72,11 cm respectivamente, diferenciando significativamente del T1 que presentó 31,60 cm, ya el T4 no diferenció significativamente entre los tratamientos; la cantidad de perfiles fue de 1,33 en el T1 a 2,26 en el T2 y T3, la materia fresca de la raíz fue de 29,00 g en el T4 a 35,40 g en el T2 y la materia fresca de la parte aérea fue de 46, 00 g en el T1 y 55,80 g en el T2. Por lo tanto, los datos denotaron diferencias significativas en los parámetros evaluados

ANÁLISE DA VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL E ZONAS DE PRODUTIVIDADE EM VINHEDOS, NO VALE CENTRAL GAÚCHO

A precision viticulture pilot project was implemented at Vinícola Velho Amâncio, Itaara, RS. The objective was to analyze the spatial variability in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz (SH) and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and propose productivity zones (ZP) in vineyards with 1.3 ha and 21 years old. In 2020, orthomosaic was obtained with RPA and area in GIS, in 2021/22 productive (PlP), unproductive (PlI), failed/dead (F/M) and bunches of grapes (NCu) counts were obtained at 50 points georeferenced samples (PA - three vines), vegetation indices with RGB and RedEdge-Mx sensors in RPA and spectroradiometer, relative chlorophyll content with chlorophyll meter and estimated productivity (NCu*mean wet weight [SH 87.51g; CS 44, 11g]). Interpolation, descriptive statistics/box plot, Mann-Whitney test (p=0.05), Spearman correlation (p=0.05), zonal statistics and areas of influence of AP in GIS, and cluster analysis were applied to propose ZP. There was heterogeneity and high variability in the data, high rates of PlI, F/M, low productivity and reduction in 2021/22. MPRI and RED/GREEN showed moderate correlations with cumulative productivity, 0.67 and -0.66 (p<0.05). Three ZP (low, medium and high) were obtained, respectively with 0.170; 0.740; 1.29 kg grape PA-1 and 0.4166; 0.1723; 0.6239 ha. The results suggest decline of the vines and interventions will be necessary to increase productivity.O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a variabilidade espacial em Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz (SH) e Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) e propor zonas de produtividade (ZP) em vinhedo com 1,3 ha de 21 anos na Vinícola Velho Amâncio. A metodologia envolveu a obtenção em 2020 de ortomosaico com RPA e área em SIG, 2021/22 obteve-se contagens de plantas produtivas (PlP), improdutivas (PlI), falhas/mortas (F/M) e cachos de uvas (NCu) em 50 pontos amostrais georreferenciados (PA - três videiras), índices de vegetação com sensores RGB e RedEdge-Mx em RPA e espectrorradiômetro, teor relativo de clorofila com clorofilômetro e estimou-se produtividade (NCu*peso úmido médio [SH 87,51g; CS 44,11g]). Aplicou-se interpolação, estatística descritiva/box plot, teste de Mann-Whitney (p=0,05), correlação de Spearman (p=0,05), estatistica zonal e áreas de influência dos PA em SIG e análise de cluster para propor ZP. Os resultados apresentaram heterogeneidade e alta variabilidade nos dados, altas taxas de PlI, F/M, baixa produtividade em 2021/22. MPRI e RED/GREEN apresentaram correlações moderadas com produtividade acumulada, 0,67 e -0,66 (p<0,05). Obteve-se três ZP (baixa, média e alta), respectivamente com 0,170; 0,740; 1,29 kg uva PA-1 e 0,4166; 0,1723; 0,6239 ha. Os resultados sugerem declínio das videiras e intervenções serão necessárias para aumentar produtividade. Palavras-chave: índices de vegetação; aeronave remotamente pilotada; viticultura de precisão.   Analysis of spatial variability and zones of productivity in vineyards in the Gaúcho Central Valley   ABSTRACT: The objective of the research was to analyze the spatial variability in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz (SH) and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) propose productivity zones (ZP) in the vineyard with 1.3 ha of 21 years in the Old Amâncio Winery. The methodology involved obtaining in 2020 orthomosaic with RPA and area in GIS, 2021/22 was obtained counts of productive plants (plp), unproductive (Pli), faults/dead (F/M) and bunches of grapes (NCu) in 50 georeferenced sampling points (PA - three grapevines) vegetation indices with RGB and RedEdge-Mx sensors in RPA and spectroradiometer, relative chlorophyll content with chlorophyll meter and estimated productivity (NCu*mean wet weight [SH 87.51g; CS 44.11g]). We applied interpolation, descriptive statistics/box Plot, Mann-Whitney test (p=0.05), Spearman correlation (p=0.05), zonal statistics and areas of influence of PA in GIS and cluster analysis to propose ZP. The results showed heterogeneity and high variability in the data, high rates of Pli, F/M, low productivity in 2021/22. MPRI and RED/GREEN showed moderate correlations with accumulated productivity, 0.67 and -0.66 (p<0.05). It obtained three ZP (low, medium and high), respectively with 0.170; 0.740; 1.29 kg grape PA-1 and 0.4166; 0.1723; 0.6239 ha. The results suggest a decline of the vines and interventions will be necessary to increase productivity. Keywords: vegetation indexes; remotely piloted aircraft; precision viticulture

The emergence of arboviruses changes the profile of viral meningitis in Salvador, Bahia: A case series

Background: Recently, different arboviruses became endemic in Brazil mostlycausing acute febrile illnesses, however, neurological manifestations have alsobeen reported. This study aimed to investigate which viruses were involved inthe meningitis etiology and the contribution of the circulating arboviruses inSalvador, Bahia, Brazil.Methods: From June 2014 to February 2016, 170 patients with suspected viralmeningitis were identified in Couto Maia Hospital, Salvador-BA, Brazil. TheirCSF samples were investigated for possible viral etiology by reversetranscription-PCR (RT-PCR) for different arboviruses: DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV;and for the EV; and by PCR for the HHV1-5 complex (HSV1-2, VZV, EBV andCMV). Also, ELISA was carried out in a subgroup of remaining samples fordetection of DENV IgM and NS1 antigen, CHIKV IgM and ZIKV IgM.Results: Thirty-seven patients were PCR or ELISA positive for at least one of thestudied viruses (overall positivity 21.8%). EV was the agent most frequentlydetected (10 cases; 27.0%), along with all four DENV serotypes (10 cases;27.0%); followed by CHIKV (6 cases; 16.2%), ZIKV (6 cases; 16.2%), and Varicellazoster virus (VZV) (1 case; 2.7%). Four cases (10.8%) presented viral co-infectiondetected: DENV1 + CHIKV, DENV1 + EV, DENV4 + ZIKV, and CHIKV + ZIKV.Arboviruses (DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV) accounted for the great majority of cases(26 cases; 70.3%) of all single and co-infections: DENV has been the mostfrequently detected arbovirus (13 cases; 35.1%). Among non-arboviralmeningitis,the most common etiology was the EV (11 cases; 29.7%).Conclusions: Arboviruses accounted for the majority of identified virusesamong patients with suspected viral meningitis. In areas where they areendemic it is crucial to increase viral surveillance and consider them in thedifferential diagnosis of meningitis.Fil: Dias, Tamiris T.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Tauro, Laura Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; ArgentinaFil: Macêdo, Lara E. N.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Brito, Liz O.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Ribeiro, Victor H. O.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Santos, Cleiton S.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Jacob-Nascimento, Leile C.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Vilas-Boas, Letícia S.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Amado, Caio. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Barbosa, Paula S.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Reis, Joice N.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Soares Campos, Gubio. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Ribeiro, Guilherme S.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Siqueira, Isadora C.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Silva, Luciano K.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Reis, Mitermayer G.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; Brasi