Comportamento de variáveis antropométricas, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, frequência cardíaca e consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 MAX) em homens com diferentes estados nutricionais

Orientador : Ângela SenaMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curso de Especialização em Fisiologia do ExercícioInclui referência

Impacto do sistema de transporte na qualidade do ar: o caso do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

In the downtown area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an urban mobility plan was implemented between 2011 and 2016 due to 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental benefits achieved by this urban mobility plan by comparing two periods: 2013 (before the megaevents) and 2017 (after the megaevents). Energy consumption and emissions from buses were estimated, and regulated pollutants (O3, CO, PM10, and PM2.5) were monitored. According to the calculations, NOx was the most emitted pollutant (60%). A 25% reduction levels for all pollutants was observed in 2017 compared to 2013. The reorganization of traffic shortened the bus routes, resulting in less fuel consumption (8%) and emissions. The annual mean concentrations of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, and CO) also decreased, thereby improving air quality. However, the levels of O3 increased, possibly owing to the reduction of NOx levels.In the downtown area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an urban mobility plan was implemented between 2011 and 2016 due to 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental benefits achieved by this urban mobility plan by comparing two periods: 2013 (before the megaevents) and 2017 (after the megaevents). Energy consumption and emissions from buses were estimated, and regulated pollutants (O3, CO, PM10, and PM2.5) were monitored. According to the calculations, NOx was the most emitted pollutant (60%). A 25% reduction levels for all pollutants was observed in 2017 compared to 2013. The reorganization of traffic shortened the bus routes, resulting in less fuel consumption (8%) and emissions. The annual mean concentrations of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, and CO) also decreased, thereby improving air quality. However, the levels of O3 increased, possibly owing to the reduction of NOx levels.In the downtown area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an urban mobility plan was implemented between 2011 and 2016 due to 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental benefits achieved by this urban mobility plan by comparing two periods: 2013 (before the megaevents) and 2017 (after the megaevents). Energy consumption and emissions from buses were estimated, and regulated pollutants (O3, CO, PM10, and PM2.5) were monitored. According to the calculations, NOx was the most emitted pollutant (60%). A 25% reduction levels for all pollutants was observed in 2017 compared to 2013. The reorganization of traffic shortened the bus routes, resulting in less fuel consumption (8%) and emissions. The annual mean concentrations of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, and CO) also decreased, thereby improving air quality. However, the levels of O3 increased, possibly owing to the reduction of NOx levels.No centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foi implementado um plano de mobilidade urbana entre 2011 e 2016 devido à Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 e aos Jogos Olímpicos 2016. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os benefícios ambientais alcançados por este plano de mobilidade urbana comparando dois períodos: 2013 (antes dos megaeventos) e 2017 (depois dos megaeventos). O consumo de energia e as emissões dos ônibus foram estimados e os poluentes regulamentados (O3, CO, PM10 e PM2,5) foram monitorados. De acordo com os cálculos, o NOx foi o poluente mais emitido (60%). Observou-se em 2017 uma redução de 25% de todos os poluentes em relação a 2013. A reorganização do tráfego encurtou as rotas de ônibus, resultando em menor consumo de combustível (8%) e emissões. As concentrações médias anuais de poluentes atmosféricos (PM10, PM2,5 e CO) também diminuíram, melhorando assim a qualidade do ar. No entanto, os níveis de O3 aumentaram, possivelmente devido à redução dos níveis de NOx

Doença de Crohn quiescente no cólon descendente: Um estudo de caso

Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract with a complex and multifactorial etiological basis, the accuracy of which is unknown. This panenteric disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus, with a greater incidence in the distal portion of the small intestine (ileum) and the colon, and the biggest challenge of CD is diagnosis, due to its similarity with other intestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis, in the early stages CD may be misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome. Given the difficulty of diagnosis, there is interest in reporting a case of quiescent CD in the descending colon in a 47-year-old female patient, diagnosed with the disease 6 years ago. The patient presented initial symptoms of the disease with abdominal pain and diarrhea, with the diagnosis concluded after 6 months of clinical investigation. Subsequently, drug treatment began in 2018, with significant improvement in the patient's condition after using the drug Entyvio (Vedolizumab®), following the treatment of CD with this drug until 2023. It concluded with this report of In this case, knowledge about CD, especially regarding early detection and appropriate treatment, are considered determining factors for improving the prognosis of CD.  La Enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta al tracto gastrointestinal con una base etiológica compleja y multifactorial, cuya exactitud se desconoce. Esta enfermedad panentérica puede afectar cualquier parte del tracto gastrointestinal, desde la boca hasta el ano, con mayor incidencia en la porción distal del intestino delgado (íleon) y el colon, y el mayor desafío de la EC es el diagnóstico, debido a su Al igual que otras enfermedades intestinales como la colitis ulcerosa, en las primeras etapas la EC puede diagnosticarse erróneamente como síndrome del intestino irritable. Dada la dificultad del diagnóstico, existe interés en reportar un caso de EC quiescente en colon descendente en una paciente de 47 años, diagnosticada con la enfermedad hace 6 años. El paciente presentó síntomas iniciales de la enfermedad con dolor abdominal y diarrea, concluyéndose el diagnóstico luego de 6 meses de investigación clínica. Posteriormente se inició tratamiento farmacológico en el año 2018, con mejoría significativa en el estado del paciente luego de utilizar el medicamento Entyvio (Vedolizumab®), siguiendo el tratamiento de la EC con este fármaco hasta el año 2023. Se concluyó con este informe de En este caso, conocimiento sobre la EC, especialmente en lo que respecta a la detección precoz y el tratamiento adecuado, se consideran factores determinantes para mejorar el pronóstico de la EC.A Doença de Crohn (DC) é uma doença inflamatória crônica que afeta o trato gastrointestinal de base etiológica complexa e multifatorial, cuja exatidão é desconhecida. Essa doença panentérica pode acometer qualquer parte do trato gastrintestinal, da boca ao ânus, com maior incidência na porção distal do intestino delgado (íleo) e o cólon, sendo que o maior desafio da DC é o diagnóstico, devido a sua semelhança com outras doenças intestinais como a retocolite ulcerativa, nos estágios iniciais a DC pode ser erroneamente diagnosticada como síndrome do intestino irritável. Diante da dificuldade do diagnóstico, desperta o interesse em relatar um caso de DC quiescente no cólon descendente em uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 47 anos, com diagnóstico da doença há 6 anos. A paciente apresentou como sintomas iniciais da doença dores abdominais e diarreia, com conclusão do diagnostico após 6 meses de investigação clínica. Posteriormente, iniciou-se o tratamento medicamentoso em 2018, com melhora significativa no quadro da paciente após a utilização do fármaco Entyvio (Vedolizumab®), seguindo o tratamento da DC com este medicamento até o ano de 2023. Concluiu-se com esse relato de caso que o conhecimento sobre DC, especialmente no que tange a detecção precoce e tratamento adequado, são considerados fatores determinantes para melhorar o prognóstico da DC

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution