The large carpenter bee Xylocopa augusti (Hymenoptera: Apidae): new record for Chile

The large carpenter bee Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) augusti Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841, is here recorded for the first time in Chile. This new record increases to four the number of carpenter bees known for the country. Host plant associations for X. augusti in Chile are provided. A key to the species of Xylocopa Latreille in Chile as well as comments on the presence of X. (N.) bruesi Cockerell in the country are also presented.Fil: Montalva, José.Fil: Allendes, Juan L..Fil: Lucia, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Mothers and fathers with Binge Eating Disorder and their 18-36 months old children: a longitudinal study on parent-infant interactions and offspring\u2019s emotional-behavioral profiles

Maternal Binge Eating Disorder (BED) has been suggested to be associated with poor parent\u2013infant interactions during feeding and with children\u2019s emotional and behavioral problems during infancy (Blissett and Haycraft, 2011). The role of fathers has received increasing consideration in recent years, yet the research has not focused on interactional patterns between fathers with BED and their children. The present study aimed to longitudinally investigate the in\ufb02uence of BED diagnosis, in one or both parents, on parent\u2013infant feeding interactions and on children\u2019s emotional\u2013behavioral functioning. 612 subjects (408 parents; 204 children), recruited in mental health services and pre-schools in Central Italy, were divided into four groups: Group 1 included families with both parents diagnosed with BED, Group 2 and 3 included families with one parent diagnosed with BED, Group 0 was a healthy control. The assessment took place at T1 (18 months of age of children) and T2 (36 months of age of children): feeding interactions were assessed through the Scale for the Assessment of Feeding Interactions (SVIA) while child emotional\u2013behavioral functioning was evaluated with the Child Behavior Check-List (CBCL). When compared to healthy controls, the groups with one or both parents diagnosed with BED showed higher scores on the SVIA and on the CBCL internalizing and externalizing scales, indicating poorer adult\u2013child feeding interactions and higher emotional\u2013behavioral dif\ufb01culties. A direct in\ufb02uence of parental psychiatric diagnosis on the quality of mother\u2013infant and father\u2013infant interactions was also found, both at T1 and T2. Moreover, dyadic feeding interactions mediated the in\ufb02uence of parental diagnosis on children\u2019s psychological functioning. The presence of BED diagnosis in one or both parents seems to in\ufb02uence the severity of maladaptive parent\u2013infant exchanges during feeding and offspring\u2019s emotional\u2013behavioral problems over time, consequently affecting different areas of children\u2019s psychological functioning. This is the \ufb01rst study to demonstrate the speci\ufb01c effects of maternal and paternal BED on infant development. These results could inform prevention and intervention programs in families with one or both parents diagnosed with BED

Economic growth in low income countries: How the G20 can help to raise and sustain it

This paper aims to operationalise the G20 commitment to ensure that the benefits of global growth are shared with Low Income Countries. Growth is central to poverty reduction and the achievement of MDGs, and in developing countries it is episodic and volatile. However, while the current LICs have poor growth histories, the countries that started off the 1960s as LICs have had virtually the same average growth rates as other country groups. We review the evidence connecting long-run growth and growth accelerations and collapses to six areas of policy: trade, skills development, macro-stability, financial development, infrastructure investment and human development. Growth strategies have to be developed and owned by LIC governments and societies and they need to be tailored to individual country needs. However, there are some things which the G20 can do to help. We group these actions under three headings: mitigating downturns, boosting underlying growth rates and developing institutions and knowledge. A final annex describes how Korea’s spectacular growth strategy can be viewed through these lenses.growth, low income countries, G20

B2 and G2 Toda systems on compact surfaces: a variational approach

We consider the B2 and G2 Toda systems on compact surfaces. We attack the problem using variational techniques. We get existence and multiplicity of solutions under a topological assumption on the surface and some generic conditions on the parameters. We also extend some of the results to the case of general systems.Comment: 28 pages, accepted on Journal of Mathematical Physic

Efektifitas Penggunaan Pasta Gigi dengan Kandungan Xylitol terhadap Penurunan Jumlah Plak pada Murid Sdn No. 234 Inpres Takalar Kota Kab.takalar

Pasta gigi digunakan untuk membersihkan gigi, biasanya dengan sikat gigi. Pasta gigi yang baik, ketika digunakan pada saat menyikat gigi dapat menghilangkan plak. Plak merupakan suatu endapan lunak yang terdiri dari kumpulan bakteri yang melekat erat pada permukaan gigi. Xylitol dapat menghambat perkembangan bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan terbentuknya karies.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektiitas penggunaan pasta gigi yang mengandung xylitol terhadap penurunan jumlah plak. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan di SDN No.234 Inpres Takalar kota Kab. Takalar dapat dilihat perbedaan pasta gigi yang mengandung xylitol mengalami penurunan jumlah plak pada permukaan gigi lebih besar dibanding dengan pasta gigi yang tidak mengandung xylitol. Hasil ini didukung dengan hasil uji coba yang menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan jumlah plak. Selisih OHI-S yang didapat sebelum dan sesudah menyikat gigi dengan menggunakan pasta gigi yang mengandung xylitol, yaitu 12,5% baik, 7,5% sedang dan 5% selisih yang mendapatkan OHI-S buruk. Sedangkan selisih OHI-S sebelum dan sesudah menyikat gigi dengan menggunakan pasta gigi yang tidak mengandung xylitol adalah 7,5% baik, 7,5% sedang, dan 0% buruk

Distribusi Dan Struktur Populasi Macrobrachium Pilemanus (De Man) Pada Beberapa Anak Sungai Cisadane

LUCIA FIDHIANY. 1985. Distribution andpropulation structure of Macrobrachium pilimanus (De Man) at Cisadane river. Berita Biologi 3 (3) :125 - 127. Study on spatial distribution and population structure of Macrobrachium pilimanus was conducted at Cigombong River and Cisalopa River. Based on seven habitat types in a river pool, distribution pattern of the prawn contagious.The prawn is a torrent species, because it prefers running water with gravels and stones more than stagnant one.Based on the size frequency classes, the population are bi - or polimodal for the male, and unimodal for the female. Sex ratio is equal, but the quantity of larger male is greater than female that indicate sexual dimorphism

Penggunaan Mikro Asbuton Sebagai Bahanpengigsi (Filler) Terhadap Durabilitas Campuran Hot Rolled Asphalt(hra)

Hot Rolled Asphalt (HRA) adalah campuran aspal yang mempunyi sifat elastis yang tinggi dan mengandung lebih banyak aggregat halus lebih banyak dibanding campuran aspal yang lain sehingga bahan pengisi (filler) sangat menentukan kekuatan campuran. Mikro asbuton, yaitu asbuton yang telah diproses menjadi bubuk halus dan kering yang sebagian besar lolos saringan No. 200, sehingga secara teori partikel yang lolos ini dapat digunakan sebagai filler. Ada empat parameter yang digunakan untuk menentukan kadar aspal optimum, yaitu stabilitas, kepadatan campuran (Sm), kepadatan bahan agregat yang dipadatkan (SA), dan kelelahan. Rata-rata nilai maksimum dari ketiga kriteria pertama inilah yang dinamakan kadar aspal optimum. Campuran dengan menggunakan filler mikro asbuton mempunyai indeks kekuatan sisa (82,3%) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan campuran dengan filler semen (76,7%) mengingat bahwa salah satu komponen penyusun asbuton adalah kapur yang secara fisik memungkinkan untuk bereaksi dengan bahan aspal, sehingga makin lama umur campuran akan makin tinggi kekuatannya. Filler yang merupakan salah satu komponen dalam campuran HRA dapat diganti dengan bahan lain yang bergradasi serupa namun dengan tingkat kemudahan untuk didapatkan di lapangan yang lebih tinggi. Mikro asbuton dapat digunakan sebagai filler dalam campuran HRA karena dari hasil pengujian terhadap kriteria dasar campuran didapat hasil yang memenuhi persyaratan, bahkan hasil pengujian yang didapat tidak terlalu jauh bila dibandingkan dengan hasil yang dicapai campuran dengan filler semen. Campuran dengan filler mikro asbuton memiliki potensi durabilitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan campuran dengan filler semen. Hal ini didasarkan pada hasil pengujian perendaman standar Marshall dan pengujian perendaman modifikasi Marshall. Kata Kunci: Mikro Asbuton, Hot Rolled Asphalt (HRA), filler, potensi durabilita