ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF A TYPIC HAPLUDULT SOIL UNDER FOREST SYSTEMS

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical quality of a Typic Hapludult soil under secondary forest (capoeira), pasture and three leguminous tree species: Acacia auriculiformis, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia and Inga edulis, in Conceição de Macabú County, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, implemented in December 1998. Soil samples from the 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers were collected and analyzed in July/2015. The C content in the 0.10 m layer was higher in capoeira and lower in the pasture. The CECef and CECpH=7 values and the N, P, Ca, Mg and K levels were lower in pasture, higher in Acacia auriculiformis or capoeira, and intermediate in Inga edulis and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia. The chemical variables regarding the vegetation cover generally had the lowest values in the pasture, the highest in the Acacia auriculiformis or capoeira, and intermediate values in Inga edulis and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia. It was concluded that revegetation leads to changes in the superficial layer of the soil which make its attributes closer to those of capoeira and further away from those of pasture, indicating an increase in quality to support the functioning of a forest ecosystem, despite the worsening of some Agronomic quality indicators

Qualidade física do solo sob floresta secundária, leguminosas arbóreas e pastagem degradada

The objective of this work was to assess the efficiency of revegetation with forest leguminous species, for the recovery of the physical quality of a Typic Hapludult under degraded pasture, located in a steep-slope tropical landscape in Southeastern Brazil. Soil samples were collected at the 0–0.10 m and 0.10–0.20 m depths, in areas under Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle), Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (“sabiá”), Inga edulis (“ingá”), secondary forest (“capoeira”), and degraded pasture. Tensile strength (TS) was evaluated in soil aggregates of the size classes 8.0–12.5 mm and 12.5–19.0 mm, for the variables TS 8 and TS 12.5, respectively. The lowest mean values of both variables always occurred under the pasture cover (TS 8 of 37.1 kPa and TS 12.5 of 22.7 kPa, for the 0–0.10 m soil layer; and TS 8 of 39.2 kPa and TS 12.5 of 22.8 kPa, for the 0.10–0.20 m soil layer). The highest TS mean values were obtained under the “capoeira” cover (TS 8 of 62.2 kPa, for the 0–0.10 m soil layer) and “sabiá” cover (TS 12.5 of 46.0 kPa, for the 0–0.10 m soil layer; and TS 8 of 53.0 kPa and TS 12.5 of 51.4 kPa, for the 0.10–0.20 m soil layer). Land revegetation with leguminous trees recovers the soil physical quality, since the TS values under the evaluated covers are predominantly closer to those of the secondary forest than to those of the degraded pasture.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da revegetação com espécies leguminosas florestais, para a recuperação da qualidade física de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo sob pastagem degradada, localizado em uma paisagem tropical de declive acentuado no Sudeste brasileiro. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0–0,10 e 0,10–0,20 m em áreas sob Acacia auriculiformis (acácia), Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá), Inga edulis (ingá), floresta secundária (capoeira) e pastagem degradada. A resistência tênsil (TS) foi avaliada em agregados das classes de tamanhos de 8,0–12,5 e de 12,5–19,0 mm para as variáveis TS 8 e TS 12.5, respectivamente. Os menores valores médios dessas duas variáveis ocorreram sempre sob pastagem (TS 8 de 37,1 kPa e TS 12.5 de 22,7 kPa, para a camada de 0–0,10 m; e TS 8 de 39,2 kPa e TS 12.5 de 22,8 kPa, para a camada de 0,10–0,20 m). As maiores médias foram obtidas sob capoeira (TS 8 de 62,2 kPa, para a camada de 0–0,10 m) e sabiá (TS 12.5 de 46,0 kPa, para a camada de 0–0,10 m; e TS 8 de 53,0 kPa e TS 12.5 de 51,4 kPa, para a camada de 0,10–0,20 m). A revegetação de terras com leguminosas arbóreas recupera a qualidade física do solo, uma vez que os valores de TS sob essas coberturas apresentam-se predominantemente mais próximos dos TS da floresta secundária do que dos da pastagem degradada

Intervalo hídrico ótimo e valores críticos de densidade como indicadores de recuperação de um solo sob sistemas florestais e pasto

The Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) is an indicator of soil physical quality for plant growth determined not only by the availability of water, but also by aeration and soil resistance to root penetration. The objective of this work was to evaluate the LLWR and the critical values of bulk density of a Typic Hapludult soil under the Atlantic Forest, degraded pasture and revegetation with tree legumes. The area, located in Conceição de Macabu, RJ state, is constituted of five vegetation coverages. Of these, three were pure plantations of the Acacia auriculiformis, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia e Inga edulis tree legumes, implanted in 1998 in plots of 1.500 m2. The others, used as reference and adjacent to the legume plantations, were a degraded pasture and a forest fragment of Atlantic Forest. Soil samples, collected in volumetric rings in the 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m depth layers, were used to obtain the water retention curve, penetration resistance curve and LLWR as a function of density. In no area or layer has been verified restrictions to soil aeration. On the other hand, RP values above the critical limit of 3.0 MPa were verified in most cases, making the LLWR smaller than the field capacity. Critical soil densities to plants for mechanical and water restrictions (DscRP and DscIHO) were higher under capoeira. The areas under leguminous trees, showing high average densities and low values of critical densities DscRP and DscIHO, similar to those of the area under pasture. It can be concluded that the soil under capoeira shows resilience to the compaction process, and that after 17 years of revegetation with leguminous trees there was no consistent evidence of structural soil.O intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO) é um indicador de qualidade física do solo para o crescimento de plantas determinado não só pela disponibilidade de água, mas também pela aeração e resistência que o solo oferece à penetração das raízes. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da revegetação com as leguminosas arbóreas Acácia, Sábia e Ingá, para a recuperação da qualidade física de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo inicialmente sob pastagem degradada, utilizando como indicador o intervalo hídrico ótimo e as densidades críticas dele decorrentes. A área, localizada em Conceição de Macabú, Rio de Janeiro, constitui-se de cinco coberturas vegetais. Dessas, três foram plantios puros das leguminosas arbóreas acácia, sábia, e ingá, implantadas em 1998, em parcelas de 1500 m2. As outras áreas, utilizadas como referência e adjacentes aos plantios de leguminosas, foram uma pastagem degradada e um fragmento florestal de Mata Atlântica. Amostras de solo, coletadas em anéis volumétricos nas camadas 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m de profundidade, foram utilizadas para a obtenção da curva de retenção de água, da curva de resistência à penetração e do IHO em função da densidade. Em nenhuma área ou camada foram verificadas restrições à aeração do solo. Por outro lado, valores de resistência à penetração superiores ao limite crítico de 3,0 MPa foram verificados em grande parte dos casos, fazendo com que o IHO fosse menor que a água disponível. As densidades do solo críticas às plantas quanto a restrições mecânicas e hídricas (DscRP e DscIHO) foram mais altas sob capoeira. As áreas sob leguminosas arbóreas apresentaram elevadas densidades médias e baixos valores de densidades críticas DscRP e DscIHO, similares às da área sob pastagem. Pode-se concluir que o solo sob capoeira apresenta resiliência frente ao processo de compactação, e que após 17 anos da revegetação com leguminosas arbóreas não houve evidências consistentes de recuperação estrutural do solo

Oral Health Access and Early Caries in Childhood in a Primary Care Service in Southern Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of early childhood caries and its association with Child's Programmatic Action dental visits in a Primary Care Service. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at the Health Centers of the  Grupo HospitalarConceição  Community Health Service in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Mothers answered a questionnaire containing socioeconomic data, eating habits and oral care of their children. Caries examination was performed by two examiners calibrated using WHO criteria. Results: Eighty-one children with mean age of 58.8 (SD=4.8) months were evaluated, 58% were male. Caries prevalence was 43%, with mean dmft = 1.7 and mean dmfs = 3.09. In the multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant association of caries with maternal schooling (PR=1.31, 95%CI=1.06-1.62, p=0.012), family income (PR=0.93, 95% CI=0.90-0.97, p<0.001), adequacy of the number of childcare visits (PR=0.68, 95%CI=0.54–0.86, p=0.001) and number of visits to the dentist (PR=1.04, 95%CI=1.01-1.06, p=0.001). Conclusion: Ensuring access to childcare and early dental consultation, while the family context is disregarded, does not seem to be enough to reduce caries. It is necessary to think of non-conventional oral health promotion strategies in Primary Health Care taking into account the territory and social determinants since changes to eating and oral hygiene habits and behaviors are still a challenge to the control of childhood caries

Oral health access and early caries in childhood in a primary care service in southern Brazil : a cross-sectional Study

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of early childhood caries and its association with Child's Programmatic Action dental visits in a Primary Care Service. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at the Health Centers of the Grupo HospitalarConceição Community Health Service in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Mothers answered a questionnaire containing socioeconomic data, eating habits and oral care of their children. Caries examination was performed by two examiners calibrated using WHO criteria. Results: Eighty-one children with mean age of 58.8 (SD=4.8) months were evaluated, 58% were male. Caries prevalence was 43%, with mean dmft = 1.7 and mean dmfs = 3.09. In the multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant association of caries with maternal schooling (PR=1.31, 95%CI=1.06-1.62, p=0.012), family income (PR=0.93, 95% CI=0.90-0.97, p<0.001), adequacy of the number of childcare visits (PR=0.68, 95%CI=0.54–0.86, p=0.001) and number of visits to the dentist (PR=1.04, 95%CI=1.01-1.06, p=0.001). Conclusion: Ensuring access to childcare and early dental consultation, while the family context is disregarded, does not seem to be enough to reduce caries. It is necessary to think of non-conventional oral health promotion strategies in Primary Health Care taking into account the territory and social determinants since changes to eating and oral hygiene habits and behaviors are still a challenge to the control of childhood carie

Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia in cosmetic plastic surgeries of the breasts

Primary breast augmentation surgery is one of the most performed cosmetic procedures among women. In the male population, another breast surgery occupies a prominent place: gynecomastia. Regional anesthesia for plastic surgery is part of a multimodal analgesia strategy that can reduce costs, reduce hospitalization, and pain in the postoperative period. The purpose of this article is to review and compare the most used ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia techniques for perioperative analgesia in aesthetic plastic surgery of the breasts. A review of clinical studies that investigated the association of regional anesthesia techniques guided by ultrasound with cosmetic plastic surgery of the breast in the last 5 years was carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed database. Fourteen articles were selected for review. The most frequently reported techniques of regional anesthesia guided by ultrasound were paravertebral block (PVB), interfascial block (PECS 1 and PECS 2), serratus plane block (SPB), and intercostal block (IB). The lower consumption of opioids and better postoperative pain control were associated with PVB, PECS 1 and PECS 2, and SPB. PVB had a higher incidence of complications and PECS 1 and PECS 2 proved to be easier to perform. Interfascial blocks (PECS 1 and PECS 2) proved to be safer and easier to perform in cosmetic plastic surgery of the breasts than other types of blocks. They decrease the use of opioids and its side effects, reduce the length of hospital stay and recovery in the postoperative period

El impacto de la aplicación de los estándares de sostenibilidad corporativa sobre el desempeño financiero de las empresas peruanas que cotizan en la bolsa de valores de Lima en los últimos 5 años

Debido a que principales gobiernos firmaron el Acuerdo de París, las empresas tienen que desarrollar criterios de sostenibilidad, y de esta forma los inversionistas deberán tener en cuenta además de la rentabilidad más factores como el medio ambiente y la sociedad. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo analiza la relación de la aplicación de criterios de sostenibilidad corporativa, medido en función de las respuestas obtenidas del “Reporte de sostenibilidad corporativa (10180)” desarrollada por la Superintendencia de Mercado de Valores, con el desempeño financiero, medido a través del ROE de las empresas que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima y mantiene al 2022 la mayor frecuencia de negociación. Con esta información se realizó una regresión lineal de datos de panel. Los resultados indican que, existe una relación positiva entre la aplicación de los criterios de sostenibilidad y la rentabilidad financiera, lo cual; es congruente con la evidencia empírica desarrollada en otras geografías. Durante el periodo analizado, el inversionista, a nivel local, se encuentra interesado en asignar flujo de capital a compañías que cumplan con criterios de sostenibilidad. Finalmente; dadas las limitaciones de la presente investigación se sugiere ampliar el alcance, las variables de investigación y el periodo de análisis