Le infrastrutture di trasporto nelle aree borderlands dell'Asia interna: il caso Nepal e la comparazione con il Myanmar

Le comunità montane dell'Asia centrale e centro meridionale hanno da sempre rappresentato una base di studio per quanti in esse hanno visto una nuova formula di autarchia senza Stato o spesso in fuga dallo Stato: questo fenomeno nel tempo ha portato ad individuare la così detta Area 'Zomia’. Questo rapporto tra popolazioni di montagna e tra la valle e lo Stato Centrale passa in tante casistiche anche attraverso la distribuzione e l'uso delle infrastrutture di trasporto. In questo lavoro si studieranno tre casi che riguardano le comunità montane e di confine nel Nepal e le loro vicende legate ad opere statali o cinesi di traforo, di costruzione stradale e aeroportuale. Il Nepal non si presta agevolmente a completare tali considerazioni e pertanto il metodo di questo lavoro di tesi ha richiesto l'analisi comparatistica con il Myanmar che ha, invece, ricevuto maggiore attenzione da parte delle istituzioni accademiche mondiali. Imparare dagli studi del Myanmar significa aprire una nuova linea di interpretazione per il Nepal per concludere che, forse, questo paese himalayano poco sopporta i dogmatici paradigmi che si sono proposti sulle popolazioni montane dell'area Zomia andando, tuttavia, a sfruttare questa per ottenere una lettura più attenta dello scambio politico tra borderlands e Stato central

LpL^p Maximal regularity for vector-valued Schr\"{o}dinger operators

In this paper we consider the vector-valued Schr\"{o}dinger operator $-\Delta + V$, where the potential term $V$ is a matrix-valued function whose entries belong to $L^1_{\rm loc}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ and, for every $x\in\mathbb{R}^d$, $V(x)$ is a symmetric and nonnegative definite matrix, with non positive off-diagonal terms and with eigenvalues comparable each other. For this class of potential terms we obtain maximal inequality in $L^1(\mathbb{R}^d,\mathbb{R}^m).$ Assuming further that the minimal eigenvalue of $V$ belongs to some reverse H\"older class of order $q\in(1,\infty)\cup\{\infty\}$, we obtain maximal inequality in $L^p(\mathbb{R}^d,\mathbb{R}^m)$, for $p$ in between $1$ and some $q$

Segregation with Social Linkages: Evaluating Schelling's Model with Networked Individuals

This paper generalizes the original Schelling (1969, 1971a,b, 2006) model of racial and residential segregation to a context of variable externalities due to social linkages. In a setting in which individuals' utility function is a convex combination of a heuristic function a la Schelling, of the distance to friends, and of the cost of moving, the prediction of the original model gets attenuated: the segregation equilibria are not the unique solutions. While the cost of distance has a monotonic pro-status-quo effect, equivalent to that of models of migration and gravity models, if friends and neighbours are formed following independent processes the location of friends in space generates an externality that reinforces the initial configuration if the distance to friends is minimal, and if the degree of each agent is high. The effect on segregation equilibria crucially depends on the role played by network externalities.Comment: 38 pages, 24 figure

Open Social Innovation local ecosystems: The case of Dolomiti Innovation Valley

The teaching case entitled 'Open social innovation local ecosystems: Dolomiti Innovation Valley' describes how to put in practice open social innovation (OSI) management models, showing how apparently fuzzy aspects (such as openness and social change) become operational through multi-stakeholder governance and place-based approaches to sustain impactful local innovation ecosystems

Current Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) one of the most common interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is characterized by exposure to an inhaled inciting antigen that leads to a host immunologic reaction determining interstitial inflammation and architectural distortion. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are unclear. The absence of international shared diagnostic guidelines and the lack of a "gold-standard" test for HP combined with the presence of several clinical and radiologic overlapping features makes it particularly challenging to differentiate HP from other ILDs, also in expert contests. Radiology is playing a more crucial role in this process; recently the headcheese sign was recognized as a more specific for chronic-HP than the extensive mosaic attenuation. Several classification proposals and diagnostic models have been advanced by different groups, with no prospective validation. Therapeutic options for HP have been limited to antigen avoidance and immunosuppressant drugs over the last decades. Several questions about this condition remain unanswered and there is a need for more studies

Giant congenital melanocytic naevi: review of literature

giant congenital pigmented naevi is a great reconstructive challenge for the pediatric and plastic surgeons. due to the increased risk of malignant transformation in such lesions, many procedures have been used to remove giant congenital naevi like dermoabrasion, laser treatment or surgical excision combined with reconstruction through skin expansion or skin grafting; among these, only a complete excision can offer an efficacious treatment. in our centre we use the "tissue expansion" technique in order to achieve a sufficient quantity of normal skin to perform a both staged and radical excision of these giant lesions

Pain-motor integration in the primary motor cortex in Parkinson's disease

In Parkinson's disease (PD), the influence of chronic pain on motor features has never been investigated. We have recently designed a technique that combines nociceptive system activation by laser stimuli and primary motor cortex (M1) activation through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), in a laser-paired associative stimulation design (Laser-PAS). In controls, Laser-PAS induces long-term changes in motor evoked potentials reflecting M1 long-term potentiation-like plasticity, arising from pain-motor integration

Microscopic theory for the pair correlation function of liquidlike colloidal suspensions under shear flow

We present a theoretical framework to investigate the microscopic structure of concentrated hard-sphere colloidal suspensions under strong shear flows by fully taking into account the boundary-layer structure of convective diffusion. We solve the pair Smoluchowski equation with shear separately in the compressing and extensional sectors of the solid angle, by means of matched asymptotics. A proper, albeit approximate, treatment of the hydrodynamic interactions in the different sectors allows us to construct a potential of mean force containing the effect of the flow field on pair correlations. We insert the obtained pair potential in the Percus-Yevick relation and use the latter as a closure to solve the Ornstein-Zernike integral equation. For a wide range of either the packing fraction $\eta$ and the P\'eclet ($\textrm{Pe}$) number, we compute the pair correlation function and extract scaling laws for its value at contact. For all the considered value of $\textrm{Pe},$ we observe a very good agreement between theoretical findings and numerical results from literature, up to rather large values of $\eta.$ The theory predicts a consistent enhancement of the structure factor $S(k)$ at $k \to 0,$ upon increasing the $\textrm{Pe}$ number. We argue this behaviour may signal the onset of a phase transition from the isotropic phase to a non-uniform one, induced by the external shear flow

Monitoring skeletal anomalies in big-scale sand smelt, atherina boyeri, as a potential complementary tool for early detection of effects of anthropic pressure in coastal lagoons

Mediterranean coastal lagoons are increasingly affected by several threats, all concurrently leading to habitat degradation and loss. Methods based on fish for the assessment of the ecological status are under implementation for the Water Framework Directive requirements, to assess the overall quality of coastal lagoons. Complementary tools based on the use of single fish species as biological indicators could be useful as early detection methods of anthropogenic impacts. The analysis of skeletal anomalies in the big-scale sand smelt, Atherina boyeri, from nine Mediterranean coastal lagoons in Italy was carried out. Along with the morphological examination of fish, the environmental status of the nine lagoons was evaluated using a method based on expert judgement, by selecting and quantifying several environmental descriptors of direct and indirect human pressures acting on lagoon ecosystems. The average individual anomaly load and the frequency of individuals with severe anomalies allow to discriminate big-scale sand smelt samples on the basis of the site and of its quality status. Furthermore, a relationship between skeletal anomalies and the environmental quality of specific lagoons, driven by the anthropogenic pressures acting on them, was found. These findings support the potentiality of skeletal anomalies monitoring in big-scale sand smelt as a tool for early detection of anthropogenic impacts in coastal lagoons of the Mediterranean region

Theoretical and Numerical Hydromechanics Analysis of Self-Pitching Propellers

The development of design-oriented modelling techniques to predict Self-Pitching Propellers (SPP) hydrodynamic and dynamic behaviour is here addressed. Two hydrodynamics approaches are described and validated against literature data. Both Controllable-Pitch Propellers (CPP) and SPP test cases are considered. In addition, a general theoretical Reduced Order Model (ROM) for blade hydrodynamics unsteady loads is proposed to investigate blade equilibrium stability. Numerical results are shown in terms of performance, spindle moment and pitch setting equilibrium conditions. The proposed Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) model shows to be well suited to capture SPP performance, spindle moment and blade equilibrium condition once a devoted tailoring process of model parameters is performed