Quando as fronteiras transnacionalizam as pessoas: repensar o transnacionalismo migrante na tríplice fronteira andina

This article derives from ethnographic studies developed in the Northern Chilean territories that lie adjacent to Peru and Bolivia. The research results suggest that the daily activities of transborder inhabitants generate frictions between the local inscription of social practices, and the transnationalization of communitarian knowledge, economies and memories. These frictions situationally update the national identities in these areas. Over the last two decades, an idea has prevailed in migratory studies that the migrant’s border crossings articulate transnational social fields between origin and host societies, leading to a globalization “from below.” Ethnographic findings defy this conception, since the social networks and practices that interconnect these borderlands predate the establishment of the national frontiers. It was not the communities who transnationalized the territories: the borders transnationalized them. I will illustrate this assertion by ethnographically following Joanna, an Aymaran shepherdess that found a transnational solution to the lack of successors to her shepherding activities.O artigo resulta de ­estudos etnográficos realizados em territórios do Norte chileno adjacentes ao Peru e à Bolívia. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que as atividades dos habitantes transfronteiriços geram fricções entre a inscrição local das práticas sociais e a transnacionalização de conhecimentos, economias e memórias. Estas fricções atualizam situacionalmente as identidades nacionais nestes espaços. Nas últimas duas décadas, predominou nos estudos migratórios a conceção de que os cruzamentos de fronteira pelos migrantes articulam campos sociais transnacionais entre origem e destino, conduzindo a uma “globalização por baixo”. Os achados etnográficos desafiam esta conceção, pois as redes sociais e práticas que interconectam as áreas estudadas antecedem o estabelecimento das fronteiras nacionais. Não foram as comunidades que transnacionalizaram os territórios, foram as fronteiras. Ilustrarei esta afirmação seguindo etnograficamente a Joana, pastora aimará que encontrou uma solução transnacional para a falta de sucessores nas suas atividades de ­pastoreio.Fil: Lube Guizardi, Menara. Universidad de Tarapacá; Chile. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

A forestry application simulation of man-machine techniques for analyzing remotely sensed data

The typical steps in the analysis of remotely sensed data for a forestry applications example are simulated. The example uses numerically-oriented pattern recognition techniques and emphasizes man-machine interaction

Matrix of educational and training materials in remote sensing

Remote sensing educational and training materials developed by LARS have been organized in a matrix format. Each row in the matrix represents a subject area in remote sensing and the columns represent different types of instructional materials. This format has proved to be useful for displaying in a concise manner the subject matter content, prerequisite requirements and technical depth of each instructional module in the matrix. A general description of the matrix is followed by three examples designed to illustrate how the matrix can be used to synthesize training programs tailored to meet the needs of individual students. A detailed description of each of the modules in the matrix is contained in a catalog section

Genuinely Brazilian . The nationalization and expansion of capoeira as social practice in Brazil

El presente artículo analiza el proceso de nacionalización del género cultural afro-brasileño conocido como capoeira. Enfocaremos nuestro análisis a partir de los aspectos sociales, económicos y políticos resultantes del establecimiento de una sociedad paThe aim of this paper is to analyze the nationalization of the Afro-Brazilian cultural genre named capoeira. The debate will be focused on the social, economic and political aspects that result from the establishment of a patriarchal and slave-based soci

De norte a sur: mestre pantera y la capoeira como cultura urbana y migratoria en la periferia de Río de Janeiro

El presente artículo reconstruye la historia de vida de Pantera, maestro de capoeira que creció en las favelas de Río de Janeiro entre los 60 y 70. De la mano del maestro, narraremos el proceso de consolidación de la capoeira como una cultura urbana y migratoria. A través de sus sagaces desplazamientos, analizamos en qué sentido este arte articuló una comunidad que institucionaliza sentidos propios de territorialidad e historicidad sedimentados como una cultura corporal-comunitaria. Desde la memoria del maestro, ubicaremos y narraremos este proceso urbano-local brasileño que preparó jóvenes de las favelas para una verdadera "vuelta al mundo"

A era da crise migratória

The article analyzes the historical changes in the formulation of migration policies between the 19th and 21st centuries, summarizing the emergency of an “age of migration crisis”. The first section discusses why international migration poses a destabilizing problem for the Nation-state political conceptions. The second section emphasizes the intrinsic articulation of the global changes in human mobility and their political governance between the 19th and 20th centuries, identifying the four prevailing political paradigms on migrant cultural diversity that shaped public policies in the 20th century. The third and fourth sections deal with the emergence of the fifth cycle of international migration policies, which is characterized by the generalization of a global discourse that criminalizes migrants and refugees. The above will be followed by a critical perspective of the way migration has been treated in some Latin American countries.O artigo analisa as transformações históricas na formulação de políticas migratórias entre os séculos XIX e XXI, sintetizando a emergência de uma “era da crise migratória”. A primeira seção discute por que a migração internacional constitui um problema para as concepções políticas dos Estados nacionais. A segunda seção enfatiza a intrínseca articulação dos câmbios globais na mobilidade humana e sua governança política entre o século XIX e o XX, identificando os quatro paradigmas predominantes sobre a diversidade cultural, os quais configuraram as políticas do século XX. A terceira e a quarta seções lidam com a emergência de um discurso global que criminaliza os migrantes e refugiados. A análise se faz numa perspectiva crítica sobre a forma como alguns países latino-americanos vêm tratando a migração.Fil: Lube Guizardi, Menara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Universidad de Tarapacá; Chil

High-order DG solvers for under-resolved turbulent incompressible flows: A comparison of L2L^2 and HH(div) methods

The accurate numerical simulation of turbulent incompressible flows is a challenging topic in computational fluid dynamics. For discretisation methods to be robust in the under-resolved regime, mass conservation as well as energy stability are key ingredients to obtain robust and accurate discretisations. Recently, two approaches have been proposed in the context of high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretisations that address these aspects differently. On the one hand, standard $L^2$-based DG discretisations enforce mass conservation and energy stability weakly by the use of additional stabilisation terms. On the other hand, pointwise divergence-free $H(\operatorname{div})$-conforming approaches ensure exact mass conservation and energy stability by the use of tailored finite element function spaces. The present work raises the question whether and to which extent these two approaches are equivalent when applied to under-resolved turbulent flows. This comparative study highlights similarities and differences of these two approaches. The numerical results emphasise that both discretisation strategies are promising for under-resolved simulations of turbulent flows due to their inherent dissipation mechanisms.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figure