Isoscaling in Light-Ion Induced Reactions and its Statistical Interpretation

Isotopic effects observed in fragmentation reactions induced by protons, deuterons, and alpha particles of incident energies between 660 MeV and 15.3 GeV on 112-Sn and 124-Sn targets are discussed. The exponential scaling of the yield ratios with the third component of the fragment isospin (N-Z)/2 is observed in all reactions, with scaling parameters that depend on the incident energy. Breakup temperatures for these reactions are deduced from double ratios of isotopic yields and tested for their relation with the isoscaling parameters. The quantum statistical (QSM) and the statistical multifragmentation (SMM) models are used for interpreting the results. The observed isoscaling can be understood as a consequence of a statistical origin of the emitted fragments in these reactions. The SMM analysis shows that the exponent describing the isoscaling behavior is proportional to the strength of the symmetry term of the fragment binding energy. Using this result, a symmetry-term coefficient (approximately 22.5 MeV) for fragments at breakup is deduced from the experimental data. This is close to the standard value and supports SMM assumptions for the breakup configuration. An alternative method of determining the symmetry-energy coefficient, by using isotope distribution widths, is also discussed

Impact of preoperative mild cognitive impairment on cerebrovascular events and cognitive status in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: data from 5-year follow-up

Aim. To assess the incidence of cerebrovascular events and cognitive status in the long-term period after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with and without preoperative mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Material and methods. This prospective study involved 115 patients aged 45 to 69 years, who were admitted to the hospital for elective on-pump CABG. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory, ultrasound, neuroimaging and neuropsychological examination 3-5 days before and 5-7 years after CABG. Cognitive functioning was assessed using screening neuropsychological scales and neuropsychological testing with an assessment of neurodynamics, attention and short-term memory. Pre-CABG MCI was diagnosed based on the criteria by R. Petersen et al. Therefore, the patients were divided into two groups: with (n=51) and without MCI (n=64).Results. It was found that strokes and dementia during the long-term postoperative period of CABG were observed only in the group of patients with preoperative MCI (7,84%). Five-seven years after CABG, a decrease in cognitive status according to neuropsychological scales was found in all patients (p≤0,05). A decrease in neurodynamics, attention and short-term memory compared to the preoperative level was found in 47,92% of patients with preoperative MCI, without MCI — in 40,63%. Neurodynamic disorders occurred equally frequently in both groups (63,8% and 57,8% of patients, respectively). Memory impairments were more often observed in patients with MCI (55,3%) compared to those without MCI (34,4%) (OR=2,36, 95% CI, 1,09-5,12, p=0,03). According to brain multislice computed tomography in the group with preoperative MCI, the number of patients with cysts and leukoaraiosis 5-7 years after CABG was higher than in those without MCI (p≤0,05).Conclusion. In the long-term (5-7 years) postoperative period of CABG, more than 40% of patients demonstrate a decrease in cognitive status, regardless of preoperative data. At the same time, preoperative MCI is associated with adverse cerebrovascular events and dementia, accompanied by morphological brain abnormalities. Due to the revealed facts, it is necessary to optimize approaches to drug treatment and secondary prevention of cognitive decline after cardiac surgery

TECHNIQUE AND SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF ANATOMICAL LIVER RESECTIONS FOR COLORECTAL CANCER LIVER METASTASES

Technique and surgical outcomes of anatomical liver resections using ERBEJET2® water-jet dissector were described. Overall 98 patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases were included in this study. In 43 patients resections were performed using water-jet dissection technique. Water-jet dissection seems to be safe and effective technique for anatomical liver resections

Manganese in atherogenesis: Detection, origin, and a role

The role of transition metal ions in atherogenesis is controversial; they may be involved in hydroxyl radical generation and can also catalyze the reactive oxygen species neutralization reaction as cofactors of antioxidant enzymes. Using EPR spectroscopy, we revealed that 70% of aorta specimens with atherosclerotic lesions possessed superoxide dismutase activity, 100% of the specimens initiated Fenton reaction and demonstrated the presence of manganese paramagnetic centers. The sodA gene encoding manganese-dependent bacterial superoxide dismutase was not found in the samples of atherosclerotic plaques by PCR using degenerate primers. The data obtained indicate prospects of manganese analysis as a marker element in the express diagnostics of atherosclerosis. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2011

Resources of Psychological Potential Realization of the Subject of Research and Educational Activities

Мета статті. Стаття присвячена концептуалізації та операціоналізації поняття «психологічний потенціал» суб’єкта науково-педагогічної діяльності. Розкрито об’єктивні та суб’єктивні ресурси реалізації психологічного потенціалу суб’єкта науково-педагогічної діяльності. Як об’єктивний ресурс розглянуто наукову школу. Як суб’єктивний – психологічні особливості, можливості та здібності суб’єкта, які обумовлюють успішність науково-педагогічної діяльності. Методи дослідження. В роботі використано комплекс теоретичних методів: аналіз, синтез, порівняння, систематизація та узагальнення даних сучасної наукової літератури з проблеми. Основні результати. Показано, що психологічний потенціал – це не тільки те, що дано людині від природи, а й те, що постійно індивідуально поновлюється. Відновлювана частина психологічного потенціалу залежить, головним чином, від активності самого суб’єкта науково-педагогічної діяльності. Наголошується, що структура психологічного потенціалу об’єднує ті психічні утворення, які здатні організовувати і координувати різні форми взаємодії суб’єкта діяльності з реальністю. Виділено наступні структурні компоненти психологічного потенціалу: самооцінка особистості, особистісна референтність, рівень конфліктності, досвід соціального спілкування, моральна нормативність. Визначальними при цьому є психологічні особливості, можливості та здібності суб’єкта, які обумовлюють успішність науково-педагогічної діяльності. Об’єктивні та суб’єктивні ресурси різного рівня, які забезпечують реалізацію психологічного потенціалу, істотно впливають на те, які цілі і як ставить перед собою суб’єкт науково-педагогічної діяльності, а також визначають особливості досягнення цих цілей. Науково-дослідні компетенції забезпечують процесуальний рівень професійної та особистісної активності суб’єкта педагогічної діяльності.The purpose of the research was to conceptualize and operationalize the concept of «psychological potential» of the subject of scientific and educational activities. The article is devoted to the study of objective and subjective resources of psychological potential realization of the subject of research and educational activities. The scientific school was considered as an objective resource. Psychological features, opportunities and abilities of the subject that cause successful scientific and research activities were considered as subjective. Research methods. A complex of theoretical methods is used in the work: analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization, and generalization of data in present-day scientific literature on the issue. Research results. It is shown that psychological potential is not only what is given to man by nature, but that is being constantly renewed individually. The renewable part of the psychological potential mainly depends on the activity of the very subject of research and educational activities. It is noted that the structure of the psychological potential combines those mental formations, which are able to organize and coordinate various forms of interaction of the subject of activity with reality. The following structural components of psychological potential are identified: self-esteem of the personality, personal referentiality, level of conflict, experience of social interaction, moral normativity. Decisive here are psychological characteristics, abilities and the capabilities of the subject that lead to successful research and educational activities. Objective and subjective resources of different levels, which ensure the psychological potential realization, have a significant effect on what kind of purposes and how the subject of research and educational activities sets them, as well as determine peculiarities of achieving these purposes. Research competencies provide a procedural level of professional and personal activities of the subject of educational work

Manganese in atherogenesis: Detection, origin, and role

The role of transition metal ions in atherogenesis is controversial; they can participate in the hydroxyl radical generation and catalyze the reactive oxygen species neutralization reaction as cofactors of antioxidant enzymes. Using EPR spectroscopy, we revealed that 70% of the samples of aorta with atherosclerotic lesions possessed superoxide dismutase activity, 100% of the samples initiated Fenton reaction and demonstrated the presence of manganese paramagnetic centers. The sodA gene encoding manganese-dependent bacterial superoxide dismutase was not found in the samples of atherosclerotic plaques by PCR using degenerate primers. The data obtained indicates the perspectives of manganese analysis as a marker element in the express diagnostics of atherosclerosis

АНАТОМИЧЕСКИЕ РЕЗЕКЦИИ ПЕЧЕНИ ПО ПОВОДУ МЕТАСТАЗОВ КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНОГО РАКА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ВОДОСТРУЙНОЙ ДИССЕКЦИИ ПАРЕНХИМЫ: МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ И НЕПОСРЕДСТВЕННЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

Technique and surgical outcomes of anatomical liver resections using ERBEJET2® water-jet dissector were described. Overall 98 patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases were included in this study. In 43 patients resections were performed using water-jet dissection technique. Water-jet dissection seems to be safe and effective technique for anatomical liver resections.В работе описана техника и проанализированы непосредственные результаты выполнения анатомических резекций печени с применением водоструйного диссектора ERBEJET2®. Проанализирован опыт 98 резекций печени по поводу метастазов колоректального рака, 43 из них были выполнены с применением методики водоструйной диссекции. Опыт применения водоструйного диссектора в ходе выполнения анатомических резекций печени позволяет говорить о безопасности и эффективности данной методики

РОЛЬ ПЕРИОПЕРАЦИОННОЙ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ ТЕРАПИИ В КОМБИНИРОВАННОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ГЕНЕРАЛИЗОВАННОГО КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНОГО РАКА С ИЗОЛИРОВАННЫМ ПОРАЖЕНИЕМ ПЕЧЕНИ ИЛИ ЛЕГКИХ

Purpose. Treatment tactics for metastatic colorectal cancer changed towards a more aggressive approach using rational combination of all available treatment methods. Perioperative treatment becomes more widespread for patients with isolated lung or liver metastases.Methods. Preliminary analysis of combined treatment of 36 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, age 38–76, who received perioperative treatment in medical oncology department since 2005 is presented. All patients received 3 months of chemotherapy as initial treatment with oxaliplatin/irinoteca-based regimens +/- targeted therapy. RECIST criteria were used for response estimation. Following treatment employed surgery ot radiofrequency ablation of metastatic disease. Postoperative chemotherapy (6 cycles) was carried out using the same regimens.Results. 4–8 cycles of chemotherapy were carried out preoperatively, which allowed to carry out surgery in 35 patients after 3–7.5 weeks. Objective response or disease stabilization was observed in 34 patients, 2 patients had progressive disease. Median followup was 35 months. 10 patients experienced disease progression during 1–6 months after treatment. Median time to progression among these 10 patients was 4 months. 5 patients died of disease progression after 35–48 months.Conclusions. Perioperative chemotherapy represents a rational treatment strategy, improving treatment results, survival, time to progression in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Further research is warranted to confirm results of pilot studies.Введение. На сегодняшний день взгляд на проблему лечения больных генерализованным колоректальным раком (ГКРР) изменился в сторону применения агрессивного мультимодального подхода с использованием наиболее рациональных комбинаций всех имеющихся методов воздействия. При изолированном поражении печени или легких разные лечебные режимы все чаще стали применяться в периоперационном периоде.Материалы и методы. Проведен предварительный анализ комбинированного лечения 36 больных ГКРР в возрасте 38–76 лет, получавших периоперационную терапию на базе отделения химиотерапии ФГБУ «Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена» с 2005 г. Всем пациентам на первом этапе в течение 3 мес проводилась лекарственная терапия на основе оксалиплатин-/иринотекансодержащих режимов +/- таргетныe агенты. Оценка объективного эффекта проводилась по критериям RECIST. Второй этап лечения предусматривал выполнение хирургического лечения и/или радиочастотную термоаблацию метастатических очагов. В последующем проводилась послеоперационная химиотерапия (ХТ) по прежней схеме (6 курсов).Результаты. В предоперационном периоде было проведено 4–8 курсов ХТ, что позволило 35 пациентам в сроки от 3 до 7,5 нед выполнить различные по объему оперативные вмешательства. Объективный ответ или стабилизация заболевания зафиксированы у 34 больных, прогрессирование процесса – у 2. Медиана наблюдения составила 35 мес. В ходе последующего наблюдения прогрессирование наступило у 10 больных в сроки 1–6 мес после завершения лечения. Медиана времени до прогрессирования в данной группе из 10 больных составила 4 мес. Пять больных из 10 умерло от генерализации процесса через 35–48 мес.Выводы. Применение периоперационной терапии является рациональной стратегией, позволяющей контролировать опухолевый процесс, увеличивая продолжительность жизни и время до прогрессирования заболевания у больных ГКРР. Дальнейшие, в том числе и сравнительные, исследования в этой области должны подтвердить результаты, полученные в пилотных работах.