Photoelectrochemical Reactions at an Anthracene Cathode

Investigation of the peculiarities of the photoconductivity of an anthracene cathode in the redox system iodine-iodide has supplied information on the kinetics of photoelectrochemical reactions injecting holes into anthracene. The effect of the surface coverage of anthracene with adsorbed iodine, the dielectric constant of the solvent, and of the energy of exciting photons on the photoconductivity of an anthracene cathode has been studied. It is shown that at photon energies from 3.8 to 5.0 eV, greater than the forbidden zone width, the conduction band electrons participate in the iodine reduction reaction. In the spectral region of singlet absorption of anthracene, excitons participate in the electrochemical charge separation reaction. In the case of contact with a polar solvent, excitons break up at the surface levels formed by adsorbed iodine. In the case of contact with a weakly-polar solvent, excitation is transferred to adsorbed iodine. In the spectral region of weak optical absorption of anthracene, iodine particles excited directly by the light that had passed through the crystal participate in the reaction

Diffusive transport of adsorbed n-alkanes along e-beam irradiated plane surfaces and nanopillars

Diffusion of adsorbed n-alkanes was studied by means of electron beam induced deposition (EBID) technique. Carbon ring-like and pillar-like deposits were produced on bulk and thin substrates in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) operated in a “spot” mode. Residual nalkanes used as a precursor gas were delivered to the beam interaction region (BIR) via surface diffusion. The model of adsorbate diffusion along a heterogeneous surface with different diffusion coefficients D1 and D2 outside and inside the BIR, respectively, was proposed to explain the measured deposition rates. The estimates for diffusion coefficients ranging from ~1x10-10 to ~1x10-7 cm2s-1 at room temperature on surfaces with different roughness were obtained. These estimates most likely should be attributed to n-decane molecules expected to play the key role in the deposition process. Clusters of polymerized molecules produced by irradiation were assumed to act as effective traps hampering surface diffusion. For high D1/D2 ratios the deposition rates were found to be practically independent of the substrate material and initial roughness

Isoscaling in Light-Ion Induced Reactions and its Statistical Interpretation

Isotopic effects observed in fragmentation reactions induced by protons, deuterons, and alpha particles of incident energies between 660 MeV and 15.3 GeV on 112-Sn and 124-Sn targets are discussed. The exponential scaling of the yield ratios with the third component of the fragment isospin (N-Z)/2 is observed in all reactions, with scaling parameters that depend on the incident energy. Breakup temperatures for these reactions are deduced from double ratios of isotopic yields and tested for their relation with the isoscaling parameters. The quantum statistical (QSM) and the statistical multifragmentation (SMM) models are used for interpreting the results. The observed isoscaling can be understood as a consequence of a statistical origin of the emitted fragments in these reactions. The SMM analysis shows that the exponent describing the isoscaling behavior is proportional to the strength of the symmetry term of the fragment binding energy. Using this result, a symmetry-term coefficient (approximately 22.5 MeV) for fragments at breakup is deduced from the experimental data. This is close to the standard value and supports SMM assumptions for the breakup configuration. An alternative method of determining the symmetry-energy coefficient, by using isotope distribution widths, is also discussed

The Immunity of Non-Coherent and Coherent Reception of a Signal DQPSK in the Conditions of Influence of PSK, a Harmonic Interference or Gaussian Noise

Методом индикаторов решений о переданных элементах получены зависимости средних вероятностей правильного приема в оптимальном некогерентном приемно-решающем устройстве символа и двоичного элемента простого незамирающего сигнала с двукратной фазоразностной манипуляцией при воздействии фазоманипулированной или гармонической помех от отношения сигнал-помеха. Проведен анализ указанных зависимостей и выполнено сравнение помехоустойчивости оптимального некогерентного и когерентного приемно- решающих устройств сигналов с двукратной фазоразностной манипуляцией при воздействии фазоманипулированной, гармонической и гауссовской помехBy the method of making the indicators of output elements obtained according to the average probability of correct reception in optimum incoherent receiving-solver symbol and binary element no fading DQPSK signal when exposed to PSK or harmonic interference from the signal-to-noise ratio. The analysis of these dependencies and comparison of optimal noise immunity of incoherent and coherent of receivers with DQPSK signal with PSK, a harmonic interference and Gaussian nois

IN THE ISSUES OF MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LOGISTICS PROCESSES

Mathematical modelling came to logistics from economics. Economic models have been used for quite some time, but the results obtained force us to develop new branches of the theory. The solution of the characteristic equation is the basis of these algorithms as a rule. The classical solution of the characteristic equation from geometry is used. The solution is based on two postulates: the type of the characteristic equation is not changed and the solution is obtained in an orthogonal basis. The transformation matrix change the form of the characteristic equation is proved. The symmetries of space vary it. Solutions for complex non-linear processes should be considered in a non-orthogonal basis. This basis is primary. The orthogonal basis appears from it or in a particular case