Collaborative Ethnography With Social Movements: Key Dimensions and Challenges

In diesem Artikel untersuche ich die kollaborative Ethnografie als Mittel, um in der Forschung zu sozialen Bewegungen eine Brücke zwischen Theorie und Praxis, Wissen und Handeln zu schlagen und Wissen zu produzieren, das sowohl für die akademische als auch für die nichtakademische Öffentlichkeit relevant und nützlich ist. Zu diesem Zweck werde ich eine Gruppe von miteinander verbundenen Dimensionen und Herausforderungen vorstellen, die die Praxis der Forschungszusammenarbeit mit sozialen Bewegungen prägen: ein situiertes, handwerkliches und experimentelles Ethos in Bezug auf Methoden und Ergebnisse; Elemente geteilter Autorität, Mitentscheidung, Mitanalyse und Ko-Theoretisierung in der Feldforschung; die dezentrierte Rolle von Wissenschaftler*innen; die Spannung zwischen akademischer und außerakademischer Relevanz; die Verbindung zwischen Vertrauen, Zugang und Zusammenarbeit; epistemische und methodologische Fragen des Schreibens und der Repräsentation; die Bedeutung von Zeit für das Weben und die Aufrechterhaltung der Zusammenarbeit; und die Art und Weise, wie sich die beteiligten Akteur*innen zu Wissenspraktiken und Theorieproduktion verhalten. Mit diesen acht Dimensionen veranschauliche ich, wie ethnografische Zusammenarbeit in konkreten Forschungsprojekten stattfindet (oder scheitert) und hebe Elemente hervor, die die Koproduktion von Wissen mit unseren Mitforscher*innen erleichtern oder behindern.In this article, I explore collaborative ethnography as a means to bridge theory and practice, knowledge and action, in social movement research, and to produce knowledge that is relevant and useful both inside and outside academia. For this purpose, I will present a group of interconnected dimensions and challenges that shape the practice of research collaboration with social movements: a situated, artisanal and experimental ethos regarding method and outcomes; elements of shared authority, co-decision, co-analysis, and co-theorization in fieldwork; the decentered role of scholars; the tension between academic and extra-academic relevance; the link between trust, access, and collaboration; epistemic and methodological questions of writing and representation; the significance of time for weaving and sustaining collaboration; and the ways in which the actors involved relate to knowledge-practices and theory production. These eight dimensions illustrate how ethnographic collaboration takes place (or fails to materialize) in actual research projects, highlighting elements that will facilitate or hinder the co-production of knowledge with our co-researchers

En los márgenes de las cartografías del poder: Análisis de discursos y prácticas de asociacionismo y participación derivadas del hecho inmigratorio en el Estado Español

Los autores parten del déficit encontrado en los trabajos realizados sobre las especificidades de los procesos de participación de las personas inmigrantes, y en particular en lo que refiere a la incorporación de la crítica feminista. Su propuesta es la elaboración de cartografías específicas que reflejen la multiplicidad de situaciones que se despliegan en el campo social. Referente a las mujeres inmigrantes, los autores subrayan que las investigaciones en curso no tienen en cuenta sus aportaciones en el ámbito de "lo político", señalando además que el feminismo institucional contribuye a la construcción de estas mujeres como víctimas; de sus culturas, de la violencia y del tráfico. Frente a esta percepción, apuesta por enfatizar la agencia de los sujetos como una forma de cuestionar los imaginarios occidentales al respecto

Emerging logic in collective action and collaborative research practices: notes for an Anthropology with and for social movements

Este artículo es una reflexión sobre la relación entre la Antropología y el estudio de los movimientos sociales. En primer lugar, presento la aparición de lógicas y prácticas emergentes en el campo de la acción colectiva, nuevos protagonismos sociales cuyas características difieren de la imagen clásica de un actor político organizado. Después paso a explicar las razones por las que considero que la Antropología está mejor preparada para captar este tipo de procesos que los enfoques hoy dominantes en el estudio de los movimientos sociales, ya que la el trabajo de campo etnográfico permite aprehender estas dinámicas emergentes según se están construyendo y desplegando. Y finalmente planteo las discusiones epistemológicas y metodológicas que me llevan a defender la etnografía colaborativa -investigar junto y con los movimientos sociales y no sobre los movimientos sociales- como la aproximación que, a la vez que nos sirve para producir conocimiento en torno a estas experiencias emergentes, permite que nuestros proyectos resulten relevantes para los sujetos con quienes trabajamos.This work analyses the relationship between Anthropology and the study of social movements. First I introduce the emergence of new types of logic and practices in the field of collective action, which sharply differ from our previous images of organized political actors. Then I explain why Anthropology is particularly suitable to grasp these types of processes, much more so that the dominant approaches in Social Movement Studies, since ethnographic fieldwork enables us to apprehend emerging dynamics as they are being built and deployed. I conclude the article by bringing collaborative anthropology into the discussion, emphasizing the epistemological and methodological features that make this proposal appropriate for implementing research projects simultaneously relevant for the academia as well as for the subjects and social movements that we are working with.- Grupo de investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada. - Área de Antropología Social. Universidad de Jaén. - Laborarorio de Antropología Social y Cultural (HUM-472). Universidad de Almería. - Departamento de Filosofía II. Universidad de Granada

Reframing the public sociology debate: Towards collaborative and decolonial praxis

This article presents a critical analysis of Michael Burawoy’s model of public sociology, discussing several of its epistemic and methodological limitations. First, the author focuses on the ambiguity of Burawoy’s proposal, problematizing the absence of a clear delimitation of the concept of ‘public sociology’. Second, the author links the academic success of the category of public sociology to the global division of sociological labour, emphasizing the ‘geopolitics of knowledge’ involved in Burawoy’s work and calling for the decolonization of social science. Then, the author expounds his concerns regarding the hierarchy of the different types of sociology proposed by Burawoy, who privileges professional sociology over other types of sociological praxis. Reflecting upon these elements will provide a good opportunity to observe how our discipline works, advancing also suggestions for its transformation. Along these lines, in the last section of the article the author elaborates on the need to go beyond a dissemination model of public sociology – the unidirectional diffusion of ‘expert knowledge’ to extra-academic audiences – and towards a more collaborative understanding of knowledge production

How can we research social movements? An introduction

This introductory chapter is written for beginning researchers, whether in movements or universities, for people from non-traditional academic backgrounds and non-native English speakers. We share some of our own complicated and messy routes to movement research. We also explain why researching social movements matters, and how it can genuinely help movements. This is the first methods handbook for movement researchers that takes a genuinely global perspective, rather than focussing on researchers and movements in the global North. Understanding movements means not being restricted to knowing about one movement or one academic discipline. The chapter introduces the book’s themes - the methodologies and politics of knowledge of movement research; different methods of data collection/analysis; and the uses of research for movements - followed by a chapter-by-chapter overview, highlighting the specific movements studied. The chapter concludes with reflections on the future of social movements research and a call for solidarity

Median Nerve Neural Mobilization Adds No Additional Benefit When Combined with Cervical Lateral Glide in the Treatment of Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cervical lateral glide (CLG) added to median nerve neural mobilization (MNNM) in patients with neck pain (NP). Methods: A single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in a Pain Management Unit from a Hospital. A total sample of 72 patients with NP was recruited from a hospital. Patients were randomized to receive isolated CLG (n = 36) or CLG + MNNM (n = 36). Bilateral elbow extension range of motion (ROM) on upper limb neurodynamic test 1 (ULNT1), bilateral pressure pain thresholds (PPT) on the median nerve at elbow joint, C6 zygapophyseal joint and tibialis anterior, Visual analogue scale (VAS), body chart distribution of pain, active cervical ROM (CROM), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) were measured at baseline as well as immediately, 15 days, and 1 month after treatment. Results: There were no statistically significant interactions (p > 0.05) between treatment and time for median nerve mechanosensitivity outcomes, pain intensity, symptom distribution, and PPT of the widespread pain assessment, as well as cervical function, and kinesiophobia. Conclusions: MNNM gave no additional benefit to CLG in patients with NP regarding pain intensity, symptom distribution, mechanosensitivity, functionality, and kinesiophobia. Only two treatment sessions and the short follow-up are important issues, therefore, justifying further studies to answer the research question with better methodology

Resumen ejecutivo del documento de consenso sobre el manejo de la patología renal en pacientes con infección por VIH

El objetivo de este documento es actualizar las recomendaciones sobre la evaluación y el manejo de la afectación renal en pacientes con infección por el VIH del año 2010. La función renal debe monitorizarse en todos los pacientes e incluir la medida de la concentración sérica de creatinina, la estimación del filtrado glomerular (ecuación CKD-EPI), la medida del cociente proteína/creatinina en orina y un sedimento urinario. El estudio básico de la función tubular ha de incluir la concentración sérica de fosfato y la tira reactiva de orina (glucosuria). En ausencia de alteraciones, el cribado será anual. En pacientes tratados con tenofovir o con factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), se recomienda una evaluación más frecuente. Se debe evitar el uso de antirretrovirales potencialmente nefrotóxicos en pacientes con ERC o factores de riesgo para evitar su progresión. También se revisan las indicaciones de la biopsia renal, cuándo enviar el paciente al nefrólogo y las indicaciones, evaluación y manejo del paciente en diálisis o del trasplante renal

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997Ł2010

Abstract Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIVinfected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. Methods: We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 personyears (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. Results: Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997. Conclusion: Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection