Syrian Sketches

n/

Change over time in adolescent smoking, cannabis use and their association: findings from the school health research network in Wales

Background: While tobacco smoking has declined among UK youth in recent decades, cannabis use has begun to show some growth. Given their interrelationship, growth in cannabis use may act as a barrier to continued reduction in youth smoking. This paper assesses recent tobacco and cannabis use trends in Wales, and their association, to explore whether change in cannabis use might have impacted youth tobacco smoking prevalence. Methods: Repeat cross-sectional data on tobacco and cannabis use were obtained from biennial Welsh Student Health and Wellbeing surveys between 2013 and 2019. Data were pooled and analysed using logistic regression with adjustment for school-level clustering. Results: No change in regular youth tobacco smoking was observed between 2013 and 2019. In contrast, current cannabis use increased during this time, and cannabis users had significantly greater odds of regular tobacco smoking. After adjusting for change in cannabis use, a significant decline in youth tobacco smoking was observed (OR 0.95; 95% CIs: 0.92, 0.97). Conclusion: Recent growth in cannabis use among young people in Wales may have offset prospective declines in regular tobacco smoking. Further reductions in youth smoking may require more integrated policy approaches to address the co-use of tobacco and cannabis among adolescents

Innovations to reduce demand and crowding in emergency care; a review study

Emergency Department demand continues to rise in almost all high-income countries, including those with universal coverage and a strong primary care network. Many of these countries have been experimenting with innovative methods to stem demand for acute care, while at the same time providing much needed services that can prevent Emergency Department attendance and later hospital admissions. A large proportion of patients comprise of those with minor illnesses that could potentially be seen by a health care provider in a primary care setting. The increasing number of visits to Emergency Departments not only causes delay in urgent care provision but also increases the overall cost. In the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) has made a number of efforts to strengthen primary healthcare services to increase accessibility to healthcare as well as address patients¿ needs by introducing new urgent care services. In this review, we describe efforts that have been ongoing in the UK and France for over a decade as well as specific programs to target the rising needs of emergency care in both England and France. Like many such programs, there have been successes, failures and unintended consequences. Thus, the urgent care system of other high-income countries can learn from these experiments

Durch die Wüsten und Kulturstätten Syriens : Reiseschilderungen

von G. L. BellOriginal 1907In Fraktu

Comparative Blast Furnace Practice.

Electronic serial mode of access: World Wide Web via the University of Michigan Digital Library site

Syria: the desert & the sown /

Includes index.Also published under title: The desert and the sown.Mode of access: Internet

The Arab war, confidential information for general headquarters from Gertrude Bell, being despatches reprinted from the secret "Arab Bulletin"

Original held in Special Collections, Rare Books, 940.4 B433a. The reports contained in this book were published in the Arab bulletin, the secret intelligence summary of the Arab Bureau

Poems from the Divan of Hafiz,

Mode of access: Internet