Familial Factors Influencing Female Transsexualism

A clinical survey of eight clinicians, drawing from their experiences with thirteen cases, was conducted to explore familial influences on the formation or maintenance of gender dysphoria in females so as to result in transsexualism. In preparation for disclosing and discussing these findings three areas are reviewed: (1) historical references to transsexualism from ancient and modern cultures; (2) differential definitions of transvestism, homosexuality, and transsexualism; and (3) theoretical perspectives on the etiology and phenomenology of female transsexualism. The clinical survey did not provide sufficient multi-generational family material to effectively assess the influence of the family beyond the nuclear family. Some interesting associations at that level have been noted in the findings. This in itself underlines the need for further exploration of transsexualism in females along family lines. The researcher and most others in the field (Stoller, in particular) stress the notion that you are what your parents think you are. Contributions from other areas—biochemical, endocrinological, neurological—are not denied by this stance, but the family is seen as the primary factor. Further research will require the combined efforts and/or skills of clinicians in the areas of both gender identity and family systems

Induction and function of the phage shock protein extracytoplasmic stress response in Escherichia coli

The phage shock protein (Psp) F regulon response in Escherichia coli is thought to be induced by impaired inner membrane integrity and an associated decrease in proton motive force (pmf). Mechanisms by which the Psp system detects the stress signal and responds have so far remained undetermined. Here we demonstrate that PspA and PspG directly confront a variety of inducing stimuli by switching the cell to anaerobic respiration and fermentation and by down-regulating motility, thereby subtly adjusting and maintaining energy usage and pmf. Additionally, PspG controls iron usage. We show that the Psp-inducing protein IV secretin stress, in the absence of Psp proteins, decreases the pmf in an ArcB-dependent manner and that ArcB is required for amplifying and transducing the stress signal to the PspF regulon. The requirement of the ArcB signal transduction protein for induction of psp provides clear evidence for a direct link between the physiological redox state of the cell, the electron transport chain, and induction of the Psp response. Under normal growth conditions PspA and PspD control the level of activity of ArcB/ArcA system that senses the redox/metabolic state of the cell, whereas under stress conditions PspA, PspD, and PspG deliver their effector functions at least in part by activating ArcB/ArcA through positive feedback

Institutional innovations in African smallholder carbon projects

This paper synthesizes the insights of six African agricultural carbon project case studies and identifies institutional innovations among these projects that are contributing to long-term project success while maximizing benefits and minimizing risk for participating farmers. We review project organization and management, the structure and role of community groups within the projects, costs and benefits for managers and farmers, strategies to manage risks to farmers, and efforts to support women’s participation. Projects have developed organizational systems for financial management, agricultural extension, and carbon monitoring. All of these were managed by project management entities, with farmers implementing practices and supporting monitoring systems. Most projects engaged farmers in small groups and larger clusters of groups, which enabled broad participation, efficient contracting, timely communication, provision of extension services, benefit-sharing, and gender-focused activities. Direct carbon payments to farmers were low. Consequently projects needed to manage expectations around benefits carefully, support more efficient systems of aggregation and ensure non-cash benefits for farmers. Managing power dynamics within and among farmer groups was a significant challenge to ensuring equitable decision-making and participation. Mechanisms for settling conflict over land and benefits were also critical. We present action research questions that emerged from the first phase of this work and discuss the future of the initiative. Case studies about each agriculture carbon project from which our analysis is drawn can be downloaded along with the main report

The girls of Gottenberg

Gift of Dr. Mary Jane Esplen.Piano vocal [instrumentation]Dollie Lee came in to see the town [first line]I remember you! [first line of chorus]G [key]Moderato [tempo]Musical ; popular song [form/genre]Mirror images of woman ; Louise Dresser, Harry Von Tilzer (photograph) [illustration]Gene Buck [engraver]Teller, Sons & Dorner, New-York [lithographer]Publisher's advertisement on back cover [note

MDR Escherichia coli carrying CTX-M-24 (IncF[F-:A1:B32]) and KPC-2 (IncX3/IncU) plasmids isolated from community-acquired urinary trainfection in Brazil

Acquired antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become an important worldwide challenge. Currently, several bacteria, including Escherichia coli, have multidrug resistance profiles. Genes such as bla CTX-M-24 and bla KPC-2 (carbapenemase) are widespread. This research letter reports about a genomic surveillance study where multidrug-resistant E. coli containing CTX-M-24(IncF [F-:A1:B32]) and KPC-2(IncX3/IncU) plasmids were obtained from community- acquired urinary tract infection in Brazil

1936 The Freshman, vol. 3, no. 19

The Freshman was a weekly, student newsletter issued on Mondays throughout the academic year. The newsletter included calendar notices, coverage of campus social events, lectures, and athletic teams. The intent of the publication was to create unity, a sense of community, and class spirit among first year students. Featured in this issue is a memoriam dedicated to Carlton Otis Wilson (1913-1933), killed when he was struck from behind by a speeding vehicle

1936 The Freshman, vol. 3, no. 20

The Freshman was a weekly, student newsletter issued on Mondays throughout the academic year. The newsletter included calendar notices, coverage of campus social events, lectures, and athletic teams. The intent of the publication was to create unity, a sense of community, and class spirit among first year students. This issue covers the approval of changes regulations related to rushing and fraternities