Photon trains and lasing : The periodically pumped quantum dot

We propose to pump semiconductor quantum dots with surface acoustic waves which deliver an alternating periodic sequence of electrons and holes. In combination with a good optical cavity such regular pumping could entail anti-bunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics. In the bad-cavity limit a train of equally spaced photons would arise.Comment: RevTex, 5 pages, 1 figur

Genome-wide structural variant analysis identifies risk loci for non-Alzheimer’s dementias

We characterized the role of structural variants, a largely unexplored type of genetic variation, in two non-Alzheimer’s dementias, namely Lewy body dementia (LBD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To do this, we applied an advanced structural variant calling pipeline (GATK-SV) to short-read whole-genome sequence data from 5,213 European-ancestry cases and 4,132 controls. We discovered, replicated, and validated a deletion in TPCN1 as a novel risk locus for LBD and detected the known structural variants at the C9orf72 and MAPT loci as associated with FTD/ALS. We also identified rare pathogenic structural variants in both LBD and FTD/ALS. Finally, we assembled a catalog of structural variants that can be mined for new insights into the pathogenesis of these understudied forms of dementia

Reply to: Suggestions to improve the traumatic cardiac arrest guidelines based on practical prehospital experience

Lott C, Thies K-C, Truhlar A. Reply to: Suggestions to improve the traumatic cardiac arrest guidelines based on practical prehospital experience. Resuscitation. 2021;164: 161

Intra-specific variation in social organisation by genetic variation, developmental plasticity, social flexibility or entirely extrinsic factors

Previously, it was widely believed that each species has a specific social organization, but we know now that many species show intraspecific variation in their social organization. Four different processes can lead to intraspecific variation in social organization: (i) genetic variation between individuals owing to local adaptation (between populations) or evolutionarily stable strategies within populations; (ii) developmental plasticity evolved in long-term (more than one generation) unpredictable and short-term (one generation) predictable environments, which is mediated by organizational physiological effects during early ontogeny; (iii) social flexibility evolved in highly unpredictable environments, which is mediated by activational physiological effects in adults; (iv) entirely extrinsic factors such as the death of a dominant breeder. Variation in social behaviour occurs between individuals in the case of genetic variation and developmental plasticity, but within individuals in the case of social flexibility. It is important to study intraspecific variation in social organization to understand the social systems of species because it reveals the mechanisms by which species can adapt to changing environments, offers a useful tool to study the ultimate and proximate causes of sociality, and is an interesting phenomenon by itself that needs scientific explanation

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation : 2018 Update – antiarrhythmic drugs for cardiac arrest

This European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Guidelines for Resuscitation 2018 update is focused on the role of antiarrhythmic drugs during advanced life support for cardiac arrest with shock refractory ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia in adults, children and infants. This update follows the publication of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) 2018 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR). The ILCOR CoSTR suggests that any beneficial effects of amiodarone or lidocaine are similar. This ERC update does not make any major changes to the recommendations for the use of antiarrhythmic drugs during advanced life support for shock refractory cardiac arrest

The European Trauma Course: trauma teaching goes European

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Guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) on cardiopulmonary resuscitation 2021: update and comments

The European guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which are divided into 12 chapters, have recently been published. In addition to the already known chapters, the topics epidemiology and life-saving systems have been integrated for the first time. For each chapter five practical key statements were formulated. In the present article the revised recommendations on basic measures and advanced resuscitation measures in adults as well as on postresuscitation treatment are summarized and commented on

Guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) on cardiopulmonary resuscitation 2021: update and comments

The European guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which are divided into 12 chapters, have recently been published. In addition to the already known chapters, the topics epidemiology and life-saving systems have been integrated for the first time. For each chapter five practical key statements were formulated. In the present article the revised recommendations on basic measures and advanced resuscitation measures in adults as well as on postresuscitation treatment are summarized and commented on

In silico exploration of amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities in the gantenerumab open‐label extension trials using a semi‐mechanistic model

Abstract Introduction Amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities with edema/effusion (ARIA‐E) are commonly observed with anti‐amyloid therapies in Alzheimer's disease. We developed a semi‐mechanistic, in silico model to understand the time course of ARIA‐E and its dose dependency. Methods Dynamic and statistical analyses of data from 112 individuals that experienced ARIA‐E in the open‐label extension of SCarlet RoAD (a study of gantenerumab in participants with prodromal Alzheimer's disease) and Marguerite RoAD (as study of Gantenerumab in participants with mild Alzheimer's disease) studies were used for model building. Gantenerumab pharmacokinetics, local amyloid removal, disturbance and repair of the vascular wall, and ARIA‐E magnitude were represented in the novel vascular wall disturbance (VWD) model of ARIA‐E. Results The modeled individual‐level profiles provided a good representation of the observed pharmacokinetics and time course of ARIA‐E magnitude. ARIA‐E dynamics were shown to depend on the interplay between drug‐mediated amyloid removal and intrinsic vascular repair processes. Discussion Upon further refinement and validation, the VWD model could inform strategies for dosing and ARIA monitoring in individuals with an ARIA‐E history