Alien Registration- Losier, Catherine (Andover, Oxford County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/18086/thumbnail.jp

Alien Registration- Losier, Larry (Andover, Oxford County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/18087/thumbnail.jp

Devices to measure calf raise test outcomes: A narrative review.

BACKGROUND: The calf raise test (CRT) is commonly administered without a device in clinics to measure triceps surae muscle function. To standardise and objectively quantify outcomes, researchers use research-grade or customised CRT devices. To incorporate evidence-based practice and apply testing devices effectively in clinics, it is essential to understand their design, applicability, psychometric properties, strengths, and limitations. Therefore, this review identifies, summarises, and critically appraises the CRT devices used in science. METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched in April 2022. Studies that used devices to measure unilateral CRT outcomes (i.e., number of repetitions, work, height) were included. RESULTS: Thirty-five studies met inclusion, from which seven CRT devices were identified. Linear encoder (n = 18) was the most commonly used device, followed by laboratory equipment (n = 6) (three-dimensional motion capture and force plate). These measured the three CRT outcomes. Other devices used were electrogoniometer, Häggmark and Liedberg light beam device, Ankle Measure for Endurance and Strength (AMES), Haberometer, and custom-made. Devices were mostly used in healthy populations or Achilles tendon pathologies. AMES, Haberometer, and custom-made devices were the most clinician-friendly, but only quantified repetitions were completed. In late 2022, a computer vision mobile application appeared in the literature and offered clinicians a low-cost, research-grade alternative. CONCLUSION: This review details seven devices used to measure CRT outcomes. The linear encoder is the most common in research and quantifies all three CRT outcomes. Recent advances in computer-vision provide a low-cost research-grade alternative to clinicians and researchers via a n iOS mobile application

Influence of Course Type on Upper Body Muscle Activity in Elite Cross-Country and Downhill Mountain Bikers During Off Road Downhill Cycling

This study aimed to investigate upper body muscle activity using surface electromyography (sEMG) in elite cross-country (XCO) and downhill (DH) cyclists during off road descending and the influence of man-made (MM) and natural terrain (NT) descents on muscle activity. Twelve male elite mountain bikers (n=6 XCO; age 23 ± 4 yrs; stature 180.5 ± 5.6 cm; body mass 70.0 ± 6.4 kg and n=6 DH; age 20 ± 2 yrs; stature 178.8 ± 3.1 cm; body mass 75.0 ± 3.0 kg) took part in this study. sEMG were recorded from the left biceps brachii, triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi and brachioradialis muscles and expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (% MVIC). Both groups performed single runs on different MM and NT courses specific to their cycling modality. Significant differences in mean % MVIC were found between biceps brachii and triceps brachii (p=.016) and triceps brachii and latissimus dorsi (p=.046) during MM descents and between biceps brachii and triceps brachii (p=.008) and triceps brachii and latissimus dorsi (p=.031) during NT descents within the DH group. Significant differences in mean % MVIC were found between biceps brachii and brachioradialis (p=.022) for MM runs and between biceps brachii and brachioradialis (p=.013) for NT runs within the XCO group. Upper body muscle activity differs according to the type of downhill terrain, and appears to be specific to DH and XCO riders. Therefore, the discipline specific impact on muscle activation and the type of course terrain ridden should be considered when mountain bikers engage in upper body conditioning programmes

L’influence d’un masque rétrograde sur le déploiement et l’engagement de l’attention

Le clignement attentionnel (CA) est une difficulté à rapporter une deuxième cible rapprochée de la première lorsque celles-ci sont présentées rapidement l’une après l’autre parmi des distracteurs. En l’absence d’un masque suivant la dernière cible, la dernière cible peut facilement être rapportée. Le masque joue ainsi un rôle important pour empêcher l’accès conscient à l’information contenu dans la cible. Dans cette étude électrophysiologique, nous avons étudié l’impact d’un masque sur le déploiement de l’attention, l’engagement de l’attention ainsi que l’encodage en mémoire de travail durant le CA en mesurant respectivement les composantes N2pc, P3a ainsi que P3b. Nous observons que la présence d’un masque réduit l’amplitude des composantes N2pc, P3a et P3b. Le masque semble donc réduire l’encodage en mémoire de travail ainsi que réduire l’efficacité du déploiement de l’attention visuospatiale et de l’engagement de l’attention. Nous discutons de la place que prennent ces résultats dans le contexte des différents modèles de masquage et de CA.The attentional blink (AB) is a difficulty in correctly processing a target when it follows one or more other targets after a short delay. When no backward mask is presented after the critical target, there is no or little behavioral AB deficit. The mask plays an important role in limiting conscious access to target information. In this electrophysiological study, we tested the impact of masking on the deployment and engagement of attention by measuring the N2pc and P3a components in an RSVP paradigm. We also attempted to replicate previous studies that found a smaller P3b amplitude for masked targets. We found that the presence of a mask in an AB paradigm reduced the amplitude of the N2pc, P3a, and P3b components. In addition to reducing encoding in memory, masking also seems to make the deployment and engagement of attention on the last target less effective. We discuss the role of these findings in the context of current masking, consciousness, and AB models

Les bouteilles de verre du château de Vaudreuil : une archéologie de l'alcool à Montréal, au XVIIIe siècle

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Les réponses fonctionnelles dans la sélection de l'habitat influencent la survie du caribou forestier (Rangifer tarandus) en fôret boréale

Ce projet visait à déterminer comment les réponses fonctionnelles dans la sélection de l’habitat influencent la survie des caribous forestiers adultes (Rangifer tarandus). Une réponse fonctionnelle apparaît lorsque la sélection pour un milieu varie en fonction de sa disponibilité ou celle d’un autre milieu. La sélection de l’habitat a été modélisée pour 83 caribous, dont 20 qui sont morts durant le suivi. Une forte probabilité de présence à proximité des coupes était associée à un fort risque de mortalité, particulièrement si cette probabilité augmentait fortement avec l’abondance des coupes. Aussi, tous les caribous, qu’ils soient morts ou qu’ils aient survécus, évitaient les peuplements mixtes, et cet évitement était particulièrement fort pour les individus dont le domaine vital incluait une forte proportion de coupes. Ainsi, les réponses fonctionnelles ne mettent pas nécessairement en évidence des comportements adaptatifs et peuvent refléter des décisions compromettant la survie.The goal of this study was to determine the link between functional responses in habitat selection and adult survival in forest-dwelling woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus). A functional response occurs when the selection for a cover type varies as a function of its availability or the availability of another cover type. Habitat selection was modeled for 83 caribou, of which 20 died during the monitoring period. A strong probability of occurrence in proximity to cutovers was associated with a high mortality risk, especially if the probability increased with the abundance of cuts. In addition, caribou avoided mixed stands, and this avoidance was especially strong for individuals with a high proportion of cuts in their home range. This behaviour was similar for caribou that died and those that survived the monitoring period. Thus, functional responses are not necessarily adaptive behaviours and may reflect decisions compromising survival

Identité ethnolinguistique, autodétermination et satisfaction de vie en contexte francophone minoritaire

L’étude a pour objet de vérifier empiriquement la validité d’un modèle théorique qui propose un système de relations liant la construction de l’identité ethnolinguistique à la satisfaction de vie, un aspect du mieux-être psychologique, et à l’autoévaluation de sa santé. Un échantillon de 8 124 élèves du secondaire, provenant de 30 conseils scolaires francophones situés à l’extérieur du Québec, a participé à l’étude. Les résultats sont conformes au modèle fondé sur la théorie de l’autodétermination, qui stipule que lorsque la construction identitaire se fait dans un contexte d’appui à des besoins psychologiques de base, elle est reliée au mieux-être psychologique de la personne.The purpose of this study was to provide an empirical verification of the validity of a theoretical model proposing a system of relationships linking the construction of an ethnolinguistic identity to satisfaction with life, an aspect of psychological well-being, and to health self-evaluation. A sample of 8124 high-school students from 30 Francophone school boards outside of Quebec participated in the study. The results support a model based on the theory of self-determination stipulating that when identity construction takes place in a context of support for basic psychological needs, it is linked to the person’s psychological well-being