Application of machine learning in predicting frailty syndrome in patients with heart failure

Prevention and diagnosis of frailty syndrome (FS) in patients with heart failure (HF) require innovative systems to help medical personnel tailor and optimize their treatment and care. Traditional methods of diagnosing FS in patients could be more satisfactory. Healthcare personnel in clinical settings use a combination of tests and self-reporting to diagnose patients and those at risk of frailty, which is time-consuming and costly. Modern medicine uses artificial intelligence (AI) to study the physical and psychosocial domains of frailty in cardiac patients with HF. This paper aims to present the potential of using the AI approach, emphasizing machine learning (ML) in predicting frailty in patients with HF. Our team reviewed the literature on ML applications for FS and reviewed frailty measurements applied to modern clinical practice. Our approach analysis resulted in recommendations of ML algorithms for predicting frailty in patients. We also present the exemplary application of ML for FS in patients with HF based on the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) questionnaire, taking into account psychosocial variables

The resolution of symbol meaning in multi-agent systems

This research assumes a language game model of interaction between autonomous agents and studies three meta-models of alignment, i.e. models based on the elimination strategy, frequency strategy, and proportional strategy, implemented in two novel models of semiosis, individual - with predefined semantics - and population - without predefined semantics. The introduced models are analysed using a developed simulation framework and a defined set of basic measures that resemble the dynamic character of the alignment process. The obtained results explain a number of theoretical and practical issues related with the process of semiosis in multi-agent systems. In particular, they establish a basic set of criteria to asses a specific implementation of the communication system, understood as a set of components (model of environment, interaction, population, agent and alignment strategy) applied to a particular model of semiosis. Research's thesis: The characteristics of the external world, interaction, population and agents affect the behaviour of the system undergoing a dynamic process of symbols' meaning resolution. There exists a mixture of the characteristics that allows a particular language alignment strategy to result in a formulation of coherent substance of symbols within the interacting population

Data bus modelling in city buses

The paper characterizes ICT networks used in urban buses. It describes the multiplex system manufactured by Continental VOD and the ELSY multicomputer system manufactured by Thoreb, Differences in the structure and functioning of both systems were presented. Based on the Thoreb system, a test station for the modelling of a complex data bus used in city buses has been designed and built

Deviating from common context in individual semiosis in multi-agent systems

In order to communicate successfully highly distributed agents must utilise a shared naming convention. Such a naming convention can be developed by the agents through the process of semiosis where the agents collectively establish the naming convention for the objects. Narrowing the interaction pattern of Language Game Model to a single speaker (teacher) we model the process of individual semiosis. Further, using a developed simulation framework of the process, we analyse the dynamic behaviour of the alignment against deviations from the idealised settings of shared context. In particular, we study the reaction on the formation of naming convention among the interacting population in settings where the communication channels are subject to imperfection. As such, this research fills the current gap and investigates the dynamics of the fine-grained model of semiosis. In particular, we analyse both, analytically and through simulation, the observed phase transition in the alignment process

Aligning simple modalities in multi-agent system

The most important role of a language is to facilitate interplay between individuals and to allow the entire population to communicate. As such, it is crucial for a distributed system of interacting agents to share a coherent language. In particular, in order to maintain consistent and understandable descriptions of the dynamic states of the external world the agents need to autonomously develop and adjust their individual semantics. In this paper we consider a set of agents capable of grounding and aligning autoepistemic statements with operators of possibility, belief, and knowledge. Assuming basic initial constraints and a pair-wise interaction scheme we show how a population of agents is able to align the meaning of utilised statements, thus allowing the agents to successfully communicate about the state of the external world. Using a simulated framework we further characterise the dynamic behaviour of the proposed solution

Application of X-rays to dental age estimation in medico-legal practice

Aim of the study: The paper addresses the use of dental age assessment methods based on radiographs in medico-legal practice. Different cases of practical application of the methods are presented including identification of human remains, dental age assessment in a living person and one archaeological case. Material and methods : The study material consisted of cases involving dental age assessment performed in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences in Poznan. Depending on the preliminary assessment of age, the Liversidge or the Kvaal et al. methods were applied. Dental age was estimated on the basis of available pantomograms. In the case of the living person, it was a radiograph supplied for expert evaluation. In the other cases, dental computed tomography was performed. Results : Dental age was successfully estimated in all of the cases. Various methods based on the analysis of X-ray images were applied. Dental age was shown to be correlated with skeletal age. Conclusions : The methods based on radiographs were demonstrated to be useful, and the results they yield are fully correlated with results of anthropological analyses