Estudio de la erosión del suelo mediante imágenes de satélite. Aplicación al área de Orgaz-Los Yébenes (Toledo).

El presente Proyecto de Fin de Carrera viene motivado por el conocimiento de la existencia de fenómenos erosivos en la zona de Orgaz - Los Yébenes. El objetivo es el estudio de la distribución de procesos erosivos en el área citada y la relación de las zonas en que estos se producen, con las propiedades analíticas del suelo. La pérdida de suelo por erosión inducida por el hombre, supera a la erosión natural en varios órdenes de magnitud, por lo que cabe considerarla como un grave problema ambiental que propicia la pérdida de fertilidad. Esto es debido a que en los ecosistemas agrarios, sobre todo en cultivos de secano,se han aplicado manejos que han acelerado las tasas de erosión naturales. En los cultivos de secano más extendidos, se ha eliminado toda la cubierta vegetal, se ha compactado el suelo y esquilmado la materia orgánica. Como consecuencia de estos manejos poco respetuosos con el suelo, las tasas de erosión son mayores a las tasas de formación y constituyen un poderoso factor de desertificación. La respuesta erosiva de un determinado ambiente o uso del suelo suele ser bastante diferente según la época del año en la que se produzcan las lluvias,su intensidad y duración, el estado de la vegetación, el tiempo en el que el suelo permanece desnudo tras el levantamiento de la cosecha, etc.… Del uso y gestión que se haga del suelo y de la cubierta vegetal dependerá que, con el tiempo, la erosión potencial no se convierta en erosión actual

Construcción de apoyos para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la división de polinomios usando la regla de Ruffini en un aula de Matemática del nivel secundario en la que participa un alumno ciego

En este trabajo presentamos una experiencia de colaboración en la que diseñamos apoyos para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la división de polinomios utilizando la regla de Ruffini en un aula de Matemática del nivel secundario en la que participa un alumno con discapacidad visual. El diseño se llevó a cabo a partir del trabajo conjunto entre la autora de este Trabajo Final Integrador y la docente del curso, así como del trabajo colaborativo con el alumno ciego. Para su elaboración, implementación y evaluación nos apoyamos en desarrollos teóricos de la Didáctica de la Matemática Francesa y de la Educación Inclusiva.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

How to apply penalties to avoid delays in projects

A planner wants to carry out a project involving several firms. In many cases the planner, for instance the Spanish Administration, includes in the contract a penalty clause that imposes a payment per day if the firms do not complete their activities or the project on time. We discuss two ways of including such penalty clauses in contracts. In the first the penalty applies only when the whole project is delayed. In the second the penalty applies to each firm that incurs a delay even if the project is completed on time. We compare the two penalty systems and find that the optimal penalty (for the planner) is larger in the second method, the utility of the planner is always at least as large or larger in the second case and the utility of the firms is always at least as large or larger in the first. Surprisingly, the final delay in the project is unrelated to which penalty system is chosen

How to apply penalties to avoid delays in projects

A planner wants to carry out a project involving several firms. In many cases the planner, for instance the Spanish Administration, includes in the contract a penalty clause that imposes a payment per day if the firms do not complete their activities or the project on time. We discuss two ways of including such penalty clauses in contracts. In the first the penalty applies only when the whole project is delayed. In the second the penalty applies to each firm that incurs a delay even if the project is completed on time. We compare the two penalty systems and find that the optimal penalty (for the planner) is larger in the second method, the utility of the planner is always at least as large or larger in the second case and the utility of the firms is always at least as large or larger in the first. Surprisingly, the final delay in the project is unrelated to which penalty system is chosen

How to apply penalties to avoid delays in projects

A planner wants to carry out a project involving several firms. In many cases the planner, for instance the Spanish Administration, includes in the contract a penalty clause that imposes a payment per day if the firms do not complete their activities or the project on time. We discuss two ways of including such penalty clauses in contracts. In the first the penalty applies only when the whole project is delayed. In the second the penalty applies to each firm that incurs a delay even if the project is completed on time. We compare the two penalty systems and find that the optimal penalty (for the planner) is larger in the second method, the utility of the planner is always at least as large or larger in the second case and the utility of the firms is always at least as large or larger in the first. Surprisingly, the final delay in the project is unrelated to which penalty system is chosen

Cost additive rules in minimum cost spanning tree problems with multiple sources

In this paper, we introduce a family of rules in minimum cost spanning tree problems with multiple sources called Kruskal sharing rules. This family is characterized with cone wise additivity and independence of irrelevant trees . We also investigate some subsets of this family and provide their axiomatic characterizations. The first subset is obtained by adding core selection. The second one is obtained by adding core selection and equal treatment of source cost

Open collaboration strategy of international retailers: an analysis of co-creator

Nowadays, online channels provide better distribution and communication strategies between companies and consumers. The importance of establishing online tools based on innovations and customer participation, is equally applicable to the international retail sector. Retail companies are able to reach consumers through their online channels, providing better ways to stand out from competitors. The options of joint open collaboration between international retails brands and its consumers implicate a transformation about the traditional communication between customers and companies. The objective of the present work is to analyze how the consumer experience is perceived after its participation in online co-creation actions, proposed by retail brands in the United Kingdom and Spain. The main purpose of this research is to consider how online co-creation initiatives, in the fashion industry sector, have a significant influence on co-creation experience, as well as, on relevant aspects, such as engagement or customer satisfaction.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. ECO 2014-55881-

Stratospheric ozone depletion: a key driver of recent precipitation trends in South Eastern South America

On a hemispheric scale, it is now well established that stratospheric ozone depletion has been the principal driver of externally forced atmospheric circulation changes south of the Equator in the last decades of the 20th Century. The impact of ozone depletion has been felt over the entire hemisphere, as reflected in the poleward drift of the midlatitude jet, the southward expansion of the summertime Hadley cell and accompanying precipitation trends deep into the subtropics. On a regional scale, however, surface impacts directly attributable to ozone depletion have yet to be identified. In this paper we focus on South Eastern South America (SESA), a region that has exhibited one of the largest wetting trends during the 20th Century. We study the impact of ozone depletion on SESA precipitation using output from 6 different climate models, spanning a wide range of complexity. In all cases we contrast pairs of model integrations with and without ozone depletion, but with all other forcings identically specified. This allows for unambiguous attribution of the computed precipitation trends. All 6 climate models consistently reveal that stratospheric ozone depletion results in a significant wetting of SESA over the period 1960–1999. Taken as a whole, these model results strongly suggest that the impact of ozone depletion on SESA precipitation has been as large as, and quite possibly larger than, the one caused by increasing greenhouse gases over the same period

Estágio administrativo-contábil: vinculação entre teoria e prática na formação inicial de docentes

This article focuses on the findings of a research project whose purpose is to reveal how external practices contribute to linking theory and practice in initial teacher training and to identify the perceptions and assessments of participants about this training experience. The method combines quantitative and qualitative techniques in order to understand the reality studied. Distance students, advising teachers, and tutors of practice centers participated in the study. Research resultsshow that the implementation of this training experience has helped, to a large extent, to strengthen and consolidate the capacities of this disciplinary field and to develop generic skills.Este artículo se focaliza en los hallazgos de un proyecto de investigación cuyo propósito es develar cómo las prácticas externas contribuyen a la vinculación de la teoría y la práctica en la formación inicial de docentes. Además, identificar las percepciones y las valoraciones que los involucrados en ese proceso hacen sobre esta experiencia formativa. El método combina técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas con la intención de comprender la realidad en estudio. Se consideró la participación de estudiantes de la modalidad a distancia, docentes asesores y tutores de los centros de práctica. Los resultados de investigación evidencian que la implementación de esta experiencia formativa ha contribuido, en gran medida, a fortalecer y afianzar capacidades del campo disciplinar, así como el desarrollo de competencias genéricas.Este artigo foca nos achados de um projeto de pesquisa cujo objetivo é demonstrar como os estágios contribuíram para vincular a teoria e a prática na formação inicial de docentes. Além disso, identificar as percepções e as considerações que os envolvidos nesse processo fazem sobre essa experiência formativa. O método combina técnicas quantitativas e qualitativas com a intenção de compreender a realidade em estudo. Foi considerada a participação de estudantes da modalidade a distância, docentes assistentes e tutores dos centros de estágio. Os resultados evidenciam que a implantação dessa experiência formativa contribui, em grande medida, para fortalecer e consolidar capacidades do campo disciplinar, além de desenvolver competências genéricas