Survival of short dental implants ≤7 mm: A review

The first long-term successful outcome of short dental implants was demonstrated by Frieberg et al. in 1991, however, the definition of “short” implants is still controversial and without uniform consensus nowadays. The specific aim of this review was to evaluate and to compare cumulative survival rate (CSR) of short dental implants of the two groups. The survival rate of short dental implants was the primary outcome variable to be extracted and analyzed. An electronic search was conducted through the Medline (PubMed) database of the National Library of Medicine, and EMBASE to find all relevant articles published between January 1, 1990, and April 30, 2015. The electronic search identified 347 publications, which were all carefully screened by title and abstract. About 65 articles qualified for a thorough full-text analysis: 35 studies were excluded because CSR% was not calculable. Finally, 30 studies with relevant data on CSR were selected to be included in this review. Articles were divided into two groups: All relevant articles published between 1991 and 2000 as Group 1 and between 2001 and 2015 as Group 2. In Group 1 CSR was 83.53% ± 19.46%, a considerable statistically significant difference compared to 93.65% ± 7.94% of Group 2. This review further identified the causes of failure: In Group 1 the majority of short implant failures occurred early, within the first 4 months, for an insufficient quantity of bone tissue. In Group 2, causes of early failures considered were low bone quality while prosthetic reasons were responsible for delayed failures

It is no longer the time to disregard thyroid metastases from breast cancer: A case report and review of the literature

Background: Metastases to the thyroid gland are more frequent than previously thought, although most of them are occult or not clinically relevant. Overall, only 42 cases of metastases to thyroid from breast cancer have been reported thus far. Here we report the case of a patient with breast cancer metastatic to the thyroid. We also review the 42 previously reported cases (published between 1962 and 2012). This is the first review about metastases to thyroid gland from breast cancer. Case presentation: A 64-year-old woman of Caucasian origin was diagnosed with a lobular invasive carcinoma of the breast (luminal A, stage II). She received adjuvant chemotherapy, followed by endocrine therapy. During follow- up, fine-needle cytology of a thyroid nodule revealed malignant cells that were estrogen-positive, which suggested a diagnosis of metastases to the thyroid. Imaging did not reveal any other metastatic site and showed only enlargement of the left thyroid lobe and an inhomogeneous pattern of colloid and cystic degeneration and calcifications. The patient underwent left hemithyroidectomy. Histology of thyroid tissue showed a colloid goitre containing dispersed small atypical neoplastic cells with eccentric nuclei. Immunohistochemistry showed cytokeratin-19 and oestrogen receptor, but not tireoglobulin, e-cadherin or cytokeratin-7, thereby confirming metastases from a lobular breast carcinoma. Hormonal treatment is ongoing. Conclusion: This case report and first review of the literature on metastases to thyroid from breast cancer highlight the importance of a correct early diagnostic work-up in such cases. Indeed, a primary lesion should be distinguished from metastases given the different treatment protocol related to primary cancer and the clinical impact on prognosis

The role of the LISTANet Consortium in the European DEDIPAC-KH project

Aim:To improve understanding of the determinants of dietary, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behaviours, the European multi-disciplinary consortium on “Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity Knowledge Hub” (DEDIPAC-KH) includes 46 consortia and organisations supported by joint programming grants from 12 countries across Europe (Lakerveld et al., 2014). Six Italian Universities (e.g., Cassino, Chieti-Pescara, Palermo, Roma Foro Italico, Roma Sapienza, and UCSC) participating in the LISTANet consortium supported by MIUR (B84G14000040008) contributed to the Thematic Area2 “Determinants of dietary, PA, and sedentary behaviours across the life course and in vulnerable groups”. In particular, the coordinator of LISTANet Prof Capranica and Prof. MacDonncha from the Irish Physical Activity and Health Consortium act as Work Package (WP) Leaders of PA determinants (WP2.2). Methods: A mix of methods has been used in identifying PA determinants by developing PA taxonomy and a European framework (EU-PAD), seven umbrella systematic literature reviews (e.g., behavioural, biological, economic, physical, policy, psychological, and socio-cultural), and identifying ongoing/recently completed European-funded projects and data sets for secondary data analyses. Results: LISTANet participated in DEDIPAC-KH meetings/seminars/courses/conferences, and organized two workshops dedicated to the EU-PAD framework and umbrella SLRs. Outcomes included internal reports, presentations to international conferences, and scientific papers submitted for publications. Conclusions: The DEDIPAC-KH project represents an excellent start in setting up a complex, cross-country, organisational structure to: 1) guide a European strategic plan for novel and multi-disciplinary research addressing the complexity of determinants of PA behaviours across the life course; and 2) identify key aspects for potential strategies and intervention programmes to implement multi-sectoral European policies in PA. Finally, the cumulated experience of LISTANet could be valuable to fully exploit effective research and actions to increase PA levels of Italian citizens

ECMO for COVID-19 patients in Europe and Israel

Since March 15th, 2020, 177 centres from Europe and Israel have joined the study, routinely reporting on the ECMO support they provide to COVID-19 patients. The mean annual number of cases treated with ECMO in the participating centres before the pandemic (2019) was 55. The number of COVID-19 patients has increased rapidly each week reaching 1531 treated patients as of September 14th. The greatest number of cases has been reported from France (n = 385), UK (n = 193), Germany (n = 176), Spain (n = 166), and Italy (n = 136) .The mean age of treated patients was 52.6 years (range 16–80), 79% were male. The ECMO configuration used was VV in 91% of cases, VA in 5% and other in 4%. The mean PaO2 before ECMO implantation was 65 mmHg. The mean duration of ECMO support thus far has been 18 days and the mean ICU length of stay of these patients was 33 days. As of the 14th September, overall 841 patients have been weaned from ECMO support, 601 died during ECMO support, 71 died after withdrawal of ECMO, 79 are still receiving ECMO support and for 10 patients status n.a. . Our preliminary data suggest that patients placed on ECMO with severe refractory respiratory or cardiac failure secondary to COVID-19 have a reasonable (55%) chance of survival. Further extensive data analysis is expected to provide invaluable information on the demographics, severity of illness, indications and different ECMO management strategies in these patients

Fiction e non fiction. Storia, teorie e forme

Che cos’è la finzione narrativa e che cosa la distingue da altri tipi di discorso? Ma soprattutto: in quali modi può convivere con le istanze di verità e di referenzialità presenti in un testo letterario? Il libro, rivolto in primo luogo agli studenti dei corsi di laurea in Lettere moderne e in Lingue e letterature straniere, fornisce alcune risposte a queste e altre domande, affrontandole da una prospettiva teorica oltre che storica. A un primo capitolo sullo statuto della fiction, dove sono prese in esame e discusse soprattutto le proposte della narratologia, ne seguono altri tre dedicati ai generi della modernità nei quali, storicamente, il problema della compresenza di fiction e non fiction si è posto con maggior forza: le factual fictions inglesi del Sei e del Settecento (e dunque le origini stesse del novel), il romanzo storico dell’Ottocento e il romanzo saggio. I quattro capitoli successivi si concentrano invece sulla commistione tra finzionalità e fattualità nei generi ibridi del secondo Novecento e degli anni Duemila: il nonfiction novel, la non fiction, la biofiction e infine l’autofiction, forse il genere più emblematico delle ambiguità e dei paradossi dell’estremo contemporaneo. Chiude il volume una riflessione interdisciplinare su analogie e differenze tra la finzione giuridica e la finzione letteraria. Indice Introduzione di Riccardo Castellana 1. Che cos’è la fiction? di Riccardo Castellana La fiction e il gioco/Che cos’è la fiction? Una risposta facile/Menti trasparenti/La fiction in terza persona/La fiction in prima persona/Segnali contraddittori e casi limite/Finto, finzionale, fittizio, finzionalizzato/Politiche della fiction 2. Le narrazioni pseudofattuali e le origini del novel di Riccardo Capoferro Introduzione/Retoriche empiriche/Narrazioni empiriche/Realtà, finzione e realismo 3. L’ora della verità. Storia e romanzo nell’Ottocento di Francesco de Cristofaro e Marco Viscardi Il brevetto di Walter Scott/Il passato come presente/La Storia finta/Il passato come presente/Rappresentare l’evento/Personaggi reali e personaggi d’invenzione/L’individuo e il mondo 4. Fiction e non fiction nel romanzo-saggio di Valeria Cavalloro Fermarsi a pensare/Una forma di medio periodo/Il soggetto pensante: tre forme di “presenza”/Universale e particolare 5. Nonfiction novel e New journalism di Marco Mongelli Nonfiction novel e New journalism/Alle origini della non fiction: due paradigmi/Il nonfiction novel oggi: ripresa e innovazione dei modelli/Conclusioni 6. La non fiction di Raffaello Palumbo Mosca Di che cosa parliamo quando parliamo di non fiction/Questioni di etica: nonfiction novel e non fiction contemporanea/Sciascia (e Manzoni): un modello ancora attivo?/«Era vuota la casella della realtà raccontata dagli scrittori»: Sandro Veronesi e la letteratura di cose viste/Etica e saggismo: Campo del sangue di Eraldo Affinati/Fait divers, cronaca: L’abusivo di Antonio Franchini e Gomorra di Roberto Saviano/ Brevi conclusioni 7. La biofiction di Riccardo Castellana Questioni terminologiche/Una definizione/Finzioni eterodiegetiche/Finzioni omodiegetiche/L’autobiofiction/Dal romanzo storico alla biofiction/La New biography e il modernismo/Il postmoderno e dopo/Biofiction italiane/Conclusioni 8. L’autofiction di Lorenzo Marchese Nascita dell’autofiction/Generi e stili: alcuni esempi/Autenticità e immagine pubblic/L’arte di fingers/Oltre l’io possibile 9. La finzione giuridica e la finzione letteraria di Angela Condello e Tiziano Toracca Premessa/Finzioni che non mentono/Finzioni diverse/Tra diritto e letteratura: un’omologia feconda Bibliografia Indice dei nomi Gli autor