Development of fisheries co-management in Cambodia : a case study and its implications

The livelihoods and food security of many Cambodians depend heavily on inland capture fisheries, so the sustainable management of these fisheries is very important. Notwithstanding, the sustainability of Mekong fisheries is threatened by increasing fishing pressure and habitat modifications. Current management is considered insufficiently capable of controlling levels of exploitation and achieving equitable distribution of the resource, and the Cambodian government is promoting co-management initiatives as a way of addressing these issues. Using an institutional analysis approach, the current performance of co-management in a Mekong mainstream fishery was assessed, and factors limiting success identified. Results suggest that performance and sustainability of co-management are currently constrained by a lack of clearly defined property rights and resource boundaries, a mismatch between resource scale and management initiatives, and an absence of enabling legislation. Furthermore, objectives for management differ between stakeholders and are not well defined overall. While enabling legislation due to come into effect shortly is expected to improve performance and sustainability of co-management, boundary and scale issues will continue to pose challenges to co-management in open systems such as the Mekong mainstream. As a result, calls for innovative solutions, such as a federation of co-management schemes, will continue. In addition, increasing dependence on fishing, and external threats to resources need to be addressed if sustainability is to be improvedFishery management, Inland fisheries, Cambodia,

The Effect of Instructional Strategies On Math Anxiety and Achievement: A Mixed Methods Study Of Preservice Elementary Teachers

This study addressed how different instructional strategies affected preservice elementary teachers’ levels of math anxiety and their achievement in a math content course while considering descriptions of their experiences in the course in relation to their math anxiety and achievement. The instructional strategies used were traditional teaching methods and inquiry-based learning (IBL). A mixed methods embedded design was used in which the major design of the study is a nonequivalent control group design, where the collection of data occurred before, during, and after the intervention. There were 103 participants who were elementary education preservice teachers with 58 of them being enrolled in traditional teaching sections of the course and 45 being enrolled in IBL sections. Participants completed the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale – Short Version (MARS-S) at the beginning and end of the course to measure their level of math anxiety. They also completed a 20-item content knowledge assessment to measure their level of achievement pre- and post-intervention. Participants’ journal entries throughout the semester contained self-reported measures of math anxiety and understanding of course content as well as descriptions of their experiences in the course regarding their anxiety and understanding. Statistical tests, including two-way repeated measures ANOVA and t-tests, were performed to test for differences within and between the traditional and IBL groups. Significant results showed that as the semester progressed, the math anxiety of IBL participants decreased, whereas the math anxiety of traditional participants increased. Differences between the groups in terms of their level of achievement were not significant even though within both groups, participants experienced significant learning gains. By the end of the semester, statistical tests revealed that the IBL participants had significantly more positive opinions on their classroom experiences and preferences in mathematics classrooms. Correlational analysis was performed that showed a significant negative relationship between math anxiety and achievement. Random samples of each journal entry were selected, and thematic analysis was performed. The common themes that were identified as impacting participants’ anxiety and understanding of course material included course content, teaching methods, assessment, and student behaviors

Radiosektion: Computertomographie-assistierte Rekonstruktion eines erweiterten Suizids

Zusammenfassung: Erweiterte Suizide durch Schusswaffen sind häufig durch eine sorgfältige Fundortanalyse zu klären. Im dargestellten Fall wurde eine 38-jährige Frau in Rückenlage auf dem Bett im Schlafzimmer aufgefunden. Im Bereich der linken Brust fand sich eine rundliche Einschusswunde. Neben dem Bett wurde eine Schusswaffe gefunden. Im Wohnzimmer lag ein 40-jähriger Mann in Bauchlage auf der Erde in einer größeren Blutlache. Ein unvollendeter Abschiedsbrief fand sich auf dem Esstisch. Nach der äußeren Leichenschau am Fundort erfolgte eine Röntgenschichtuntersuchung. Hierdurch wurde bei der Frau ein absteigender Schusskanal von der linken Brust durch die Herzspitze dargestellt. Das Projektil konnte im Rippenzwischenraum nahe der Wirbelsäule lokalisiert werden. Bei dem Mann wurden ein Schusskanal durch den harten Gaumen und ein Projektil in der Schädelhöhle festgestellt; dieses lag nicht in einer Linie mit dem Schusskanal, sodass ein "Ringelschuss" diagnostiziert wurde. Die nachfolgende Sektion beider Leichen bestätigte die Befunde. Die bei der Autopsie sichergestellten Projektile konnten durch ballistische Untersuchungen der am Ereignisort sichergestellten Waffe zugeordnet werde

Developing aquaculture of Small Native Species (SNS) in Bangladesh: village level agroecological change and the availability of SNS

Small native species (SNS) of fish are important source of protein and income for rural people in Bangladesh. A rapid rural appraisal study was carried out to explore the recent changes in the availability of SNS in relation to agroecology and related issues. Village residents noted that the availability of SNS had declined drastically due to habitat loss related to agricultural intensification and due to the restriction of access to the remaining habitats in the course of aquaculture development. Their perception was that poor people had gained from the intensification of agriculture in terms of rice consumption but had lost in terms of reduced access to fish and other animal products

ACUTE EFFECTS OF STRENGTH TRAINING ON RUNNING ECONOMY

Sequencing strength training before aerobic conditioning is practised without empirical support. This study explored the acute effects of strength training on running economy and 3-D kinematics in five males. Running was performed on a treadmill at 12 and 14 km/h on three separate occasions. Trial 1 and 2 involved no strength training with data used to assess response stability of the variables. Before Trial 3, three sets of three repetitions at 85% of 1 repetition maximum of squat, bench press and deadlift with 3-5 minutes of rest were performed. Compared to Trial 2 no significant differences were observed when strength training was performed. Only a tendency of increased knee flexion (4.5°) at foot strike at the higher running velocity was observed. This suggests that running kinematics were changed exposing participants to long-term chronic injuries