Bounding resonant Majorana neutrinos from four-body B and D decays

Searches of lepton-number violation in different processes are very useful to constrain the parameter space of Majorana neutrinos. Here we use available upper bounds on the branching fractions of B^- -> D^0pi^+mu^-mu^- and D^0 -> (pi^-pi^-/K^-pi^-) mu^-mu^- decays to derive constraints on the mass and mixings of Majorana neutrinos by assuming they are produced resonantly in these four-body decays. While the excluded region obtained from B^- decays are competitive with existing limits from three-body D^- and B^- decays, it is shown that experimental improvements on D^0 decays offer a good potential to provide similar results.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, Version 2: discussion extended, references added. Matches version published in PR

Lepton number violation in top quark and neutral B meson decays

Lepton number violation (LNV) can be induced by Majorana neutrinos in four-body decays of the neutral B meson and the top quark. We study the effects of Majorana neutrinos in these |\Delta L|=2 decays in an scenario where a single heavy neutrino can enhance the amplitude via the resonant mechanism. Using current bounds on heavy neutrino mixings, the most optimistic branching ratios turn out to be at the level of 10^{-6} for \bar{B} -> D^+e^-e^-\pi^+ and t -> bl^+l^+W^- decays. Searches for these LNV decays at future facilities can provide complementary constraints on masses and mixings of Majorana neutrinos.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, "Added comments on sensitivities. Version accepted for publication

Higiene y Seguridad del trabajo en la Empresa Nicaragüense de Construcción ENIC – Sebaco al Primer Semestre del año 2012

El presente documento es el resultado de una investigación con el objetivo, de analizar las condiciones de HIGIENE Y SEGURIDAD en la empresa de construcción ENIC-SEBACO, abordando el cumplimiento y las normativas expuestas en el código del trabajo, específicamente en la ley 618. Para la realización de dicha temática se utilizaron los siguientes indicadores o variables: condiciones ambientales, Higiene laboral, seguridad laboraletc. Al contrastar la teoría con los resultados obtenidos se puede apreciar que en donde existe más problemática es en el trabajo de campo específicamente en los proyectos en donde el trabajador está más expuesto a sufrir accidentes en el transcurso de su jornada laboral. Se identificó que en la Empresa ENIC, las normativas de higiene que más se cumplen son ventilación, iluminación, equipos de protección y señalización. Para el mejoramiento de las condiciones laborales es necesario el diseño y establecimiento de un plan de acción con objetivos realistas que pueden ser alcanzables y medibles, así como también establecer normativas directamente para el personal con el fin que se cumpla lo establecido. Es necesario que de manera continua se realicen supervisiones sobre el uso y manejo de los equipos de protección especialmente en el área de campo ya que esta es el área en el cual los trabajadores están más expuestos directamente al ambiente y por ende a sufrir accidentes laborales durante la jornada labora

Manual de Procedimientos administrativos e Indicadores de Gestión

Manual of administrative procedures of the Center of Libraries of the University of Caldas (Manizales, Colombia). Includes several indicators of management as guide for the managers of the dependence

Análisis comparativo entre el sistema de transporte público masivo de la ciudad de Bogotá frente a la ciudad de New York

Trabajo de síntesis aplicadaLa presente investigación tiene como propósito realizar una comparación entre las políticas públicas de transporte de la ciudad Bogotá frente a las de la ciudad de Nueva York, y con esto evaluar la eficiencia de la gestión pública, tomando como variables el costo de la tarifa aplicada a los usuarios y la tarifa técnica.1. PLANTEAMIENTO DE PROBLEMA 2. PREGUNTA PROBLEMA 3. OBJETIVO 4. DESARROLLO 5. METODOLOGÍA 6. RESULTADOS 7. CONCLUSIONES 8. BIBLIOGRAFÍAPregradoEconomist

Influence of the cortical bone characterization in computer simulation of short-range shots in two regions on the human mandible

Orientador: Felippe Bevilacqua PradoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: Atos violentos contra a humanidade são praticados comumente por armas de fogo de pequeno porte, responsáveis por infligir enormes danos e de ser a causa do aumento de mortes. A mandíbula na região crânio facial, tem mostrando altas incidências, com proximidade a áreas vitais da cabeça e do pescoço. Técnicas avançadas computacionais como modelo de elemento finito têm permitido aprimorar o estudo dos diferentes tipos de mecanismos e as caraterísticas de ferimentos crânio faciais. Modelos biomecânicos precisos e simulações mais reais estão ligados a uma adequada representação da heterogeneidade do corpo humano e à correta compreensão das propriedades biomecânicas, assim como as respostas de estresse dos diferentes órgãos e tecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de dosi projéteis de diferentes calibres em duas regiões da mandíbula humana a curta distância, considerando a caracterização do osso cortical. O software Materialise MIMICS v18 foi empregado para a segmentação das estruturas anatômicas mineralizadas a partir das imagens tomográficas de uma mandíbula humana seca. Mediante o software Rhinoceros v5.0 foi possível: a) reconstruir por engenheira reversa a geometria dos diferentes componentes anatômicos (osso cortical, osso esponjoso e dentes), b) construir as geometrias tridimensionais das estruturas dos projeteis .380 e .40 (núcleo e camisa), c) determinar as posições, assim como as coordenadas das trajetórias dos projeteis até o impacto, caracterizando um disparo a curta distância (15cm). O software ANSYS Academic Structural v 17.2 foi usado para: a) construir o modelo de elementos finitos a partir das geometrias convertidas em malhas de elementos finitos tetraédricas, b) definir os parâmetros para a caracterização das propriedades mecânicas das diferentes estruturas, c) proporcionar estabilidade do modelo durante o impacto através da construção de blocos representativos do osso temporal simulando uma posição estática fixando todos os eixos, e d) realizar as configurações da análise, estabelecendo a velocidade do projetil e considerando a gravidade terrestre. Resultados: O impacto na região mentual apresentou diferenças na morfologia da entrada da ferida e na distribuição do estresse. A região do ramo mandibular apresentou resultado semelhante para o impacto de ambos os calibres. Conclusões: A consideração das estruturas anatômicas mineralizadas com suas respetivas propriedades biomecânicas no modelamento mandibular contribuiu a uma melhora significativa da simulação obtida. Considerando as limitações do estudo, sugere-se que o osso cortical tenha influência apenas na região mentual, sendo muito importante a caracterização do osso cortical na FEA do impacto do projétil nessa regiãoAbstract: Violent acts against humanity are practiced commonly by hand guns, it is responsible for inflicting huge damage and for causing the increase of deaths. The mandible in the cranium facial region has high incidences, with proximity to vital areas of the head and neck. Advanced computational techniques as a Finite Element Model allowed to improve the study of different types of mechanisms and the characteristics of facial-cranial injuries. Accurate biomechanical models and more real simulations are linked to a suitable representation of the heterogeneity of the human body and to the correct understanding of the biomechanical properties, as well as the stress responses of different organs and tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of two regions of the human mandible at a short distance, considering the characterization of the cortical bone. The Materialize MIMICS v18 software was used to segment the mineralized anatomical structures based on tomographic images of a dry human mandible. Using Rhinoceros v5.0 software, it was possible to: a) reconstruct the geometry of the different anatomical components (cortical bone, spongy bone and teeth) by reverse engineer, b) build the three-dimensional geometries of the .380 and .40 projectile structures (core and shirt), c) determine the positions, as well as the coordinates of the projectiles' trajectories until impact, featuring a short distance shot (15cm). ANSYS Academic Structural v 17.2 software was used to a) build the finite element model from the geometries converted into tetrahedral finite element meshes, b) define the parameters for the characterization of the mechanical properties of the different structures, c) provide stability of the model during impact through the construction of representative blocks of the temporal bone simulating a static position fixing all axes, and d) performing the analysis settings, establishing the velocity of the projectile and considering the terrestrial gravity. Results: The impact on the mental region showed differences in the morphology of the wound entry and in the distribution of stress. The mandibular ramus region showed a similar result for the impact of both calibers. Conclusions: The consideration of mineralized anatomical structures with their respective biomechanical properties in mandibular modeling contributed to a significant improvement in the simulation obtained. Considering the limitations of the study, it is suggested that the cortical bone has influence only in the mental region, being very important the characterization of the cortical bone in the FEA of the projectile impact in that regionDoutoradoAnatomiaDoutora em Biologia Buco-DentalCAPE

Genome-wide association study identifies loci associated with liability to alcohol and drug dependence that is associated with variability in reward-related ventral striatum activity in African- and European-Americans.

Genetic influences on alcohol and drug dependence partially overlap, however, specific loci underlying this overlap remain unclear. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a phenotype representing alcohol or illicit drug dependence (ANYDEP) among 7291 European-Americans (EA; 2927 cases) and 3132 African-Americans (AA: 1315 cases) participating in the family-based Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. ANYDEP was heritable (h 2 in EA = 0.60, AA = 0.37). The AA GWAS identified three regions with genome-wide significant (GWS; P < 5E-08) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes 3 (rs34066662, rs58801820) and 13 (rs75168521, rs78886294), and an insertion-deletion on chromosome 5 (chr5:141988181). No polymorphisms reached GWS in the EA. One GWS region (chromosome 1: rs1890881) emerged from a trans-ancestral meta-analysis (EA + AA) of ANYDEP, and was attributable to alcohol dependence in both samples. Four genes (AA: CRKL, DZIP3, SBK3; EA: P2RX6) and four sets of genes were significantly enriched within biological pathways for hemostasis and signal transduction. GWS signals did not replicate in two independent samples but there was weak evidence for association between rs1890881 and alcohol intake in the UK Biobank. Among 118 AA and 481 EA individuals from the Duke Neurogenetics Study, rs75168521 and rs1890881 genotypes were associated with variability in reward-related ventral striatum activation. This study identified novel loci for substance dependence and provides preliminary evidence that these variants are also associated with individual differences in neural reward reactivity. Gene discovery efforts in non-European samples with distinct patterns of substance use may lead to the identification of novel ancestry-specific genetic markers of risk