Lectura rápida y habla interna: lo que los reportes verbales sugieren

As we might experience it while reading this sentence, silent reading often implies hearing our “inner voice” and pronouncing words inwardly. Vygotsky determined that this inner voice is the product of a process called internalization in which people transform external speech into internal expression. It remains to be determined; however, how English learners begin to use their inner voice to internalize the foreign language by using a series of speed reading activities. We implemented a constructivist-interpretative study to find the primary uses of the inner voice in the internalization of English through foreign language texts. We carried out the study in a public university of Popayán (Colombia) in a beginners’ class comprising 17 students of English as a foreign language. We gathered data through verbal reports and a stimulated recall technique. This study suggests that beginner students use their internal speech mainly to subvocalize, vocalize, repeat, and translate what they read. The study also suggests that students use their internal voice to make associations with visual images as students’ reading skills develop. Further research might explain how speed reading contributes to the use of inner speech to make associations with images.Como podemos experimentar mientras leemos esta oración, la lectura silenciosa a menudo implica escuchar nuestra “voz interior” y pronunciar palabras mentalmente. Vygotsky determinó que esta voz interior es el producto de un proceso llamado internalización en el que el habla externa se transforma en habla interna. Sin embargo, queda por determinar cómo los estudiantes de inglés comienzan a usar su voz interior para internalizar este idioma mediante una serie de lecturas rápidas. Implementamos un estudio de tipo constructivista-interpretativo para determinar los usos iniciales de la voz interior en la internalización del inglés a través de la lectura de textos escritos en lengua extranjera. El estudio se llevó a cabo en una universidad pública de Popayán (Colombia) en una clase de 17 estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera. Se recopilaron datos a través de informes verbales y una técnica de recuerdo estimulado. Este estudio sugiere que los estudiantes principiantes usan su habla interna principalmente para subvocalizar, vocalizar, repetir y traducir mentalmente lo que leen. El estudio también sugiere que los estudiantes usan el habla interna para hacer asociaciones con imágenes visuales a medida que su habilidad lectora se desarrolla. Investigaciones adicionales podrían explicar cómo la lectura rápida contribuye al uso del habla interna para hacer asociaciones con imágenes visuales

Use of negative pressure therapy in the management of complex wounds initial experience of 4 years

Background: Wound management with negative pressure therapy has been used in the treatment of complex wounds in both inpatient and outpatient settings, and is increasingly used in primary care and outpatient management, as it helps to reduce patient days of hospital stay. We describe the initial 4-year experience in the use of negative pressure therapy in the management of complex wounds.Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study of our experience of the use of negative pressure therapy for the management of complex wounds in 5 years.Results: A total of 89 patients with complex wounds managed with TPN were analysed, of which 53 were men (62.9%) and 33 were women (37.1%). Suprafacial therapy was used in 64 cases (73%). The ABTHERA® system was used in 25 cases (27%). Among the etiology of complex wounds, vulvar abscess was recorded in 1 case (1.1%), firearm wound in 1 case (1.1%), Fournier's gangrene in 1 case (1.1%), septic arthritis in 1 case (1.1%), burn wounds in 1 case (1.1%), septic arthritis in 1 case (1.1%), and burn wounds in 1 case (1.1%). 1%), burn wounds in 5 cases (5.6%), pressure ulcer wound in 6 cases (6.7%), necrotizing fasciitis in 19 cases (21.3%), abdominal sepsis in 26 cases (29.2%), surgical wound infection in 29 cases (32.5%).Conclusions: The use of negative pressure therapy and protocolized management has provided patients in our institution with a viable therapeutic option

From spent alkaline batteries to Zn_xMn_3__xO_4 by_xO4 by a hydrometallurgical route: synthesis and characterization

A series of Zn/Mn binary oxides with different molar ratios (1.4-11) were synthesized via co-precipitation from a solution obtained through the acidic (HCl) leaching of a black mass originating from the mechanical recycling of spent alkaline and Zn-C batteries. The oxides obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Magnetic properties of the samples were also investigated. The Raman spectroscopy results showed all the binary metallic oxides belong to the ZnxMn3-xO4 (0.25 = 1.75) type. All showed a spinel crystalline structure. The saturation magnetization decreases with the Zn_xMn_3_xO_4 (0.25 # x $ 1.75) type. All showed a spinel crystalline structure. The saturation magnetization decreases with the Zn/Mn molar ratio; a maximum of 13.19 emu g__1 was found for the molar ratio of 11 at the Curie temperature (25.5 K). XPS showed that all the synthesized compounds contained Mn_2_+, Mn_3_+ and Mn4+. Mn_2_+ was the most prominent at a molar ratio of 11, Mn_3_+ was most common at a molar ratio of 2, and Mn_4_+ at 1.4

Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and Other Intestinal Parasite Infections in School Children in a Rural Area of Angola: A Cross-Sectional Study

Intestinal Parasite; School Children; AngolaParàsit Intestinal; Escolars; AngolaParásito Intestinal; Escolares; AngolaStrongyloides stercoralis is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. stercoralis and other intestinal parasites and identify the risk factors for infection with S. stercoralis in a rural area of Angola. A cross-sectional study was conducted in school-age children (SAC) in Cubal, Angola. A questionnaire collecting clinical and epidemiological variables was used, and two stool samples were collected. A concentration technique (Ritchie) and a technique for detection of larvae migration (Baermann) were performed. Of 230 SAC, 56.1% were female and the mean age was 9.3 years (SD 2.45). Severe malnutrition, according to body mass index (BMI)-for-age, was observed in 20.4% of the SAC, and anemia was found in 59.6%. Strongyloides stercoralis was observed in 28 of the 230 (12.8%) SAC. Eggs of other helminths were observed in 51 (22.2%) students: Hymenolepis spp. in 27 students (11.7%), hookworm in 14 (6.1%), Schistosoma haematobium in four (1.7%), Enterobius vermicularis in four (1.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides in three (1.3%), Taenia spp. in two (0.9%), and Fasciola hepatica in one (0.4%). Protozoa were observed in 17 (7.4%) students. Detection of S. stercoralis was higher using the Baermann technique versus using formol-ether (11.3 vs. 3%). Overall prevalence of S. stercoralis in the school population of 16 studied schools in the municipal area of Cubal was greater than 10%. This fact must be considered when designing deworming mass campaigns. The use of specific tests in larvae detection is needed to avoid overlooking this parasite

Plan de mejora del proceso de selección del talento humano de la empresa INTELCIA

Figura 1 Pregunta No. 1,Figura 2 Pregunta No. 2 Fuente: Figura 3 Pregunta No. 3 ,Figura 4 Pregunta No. 4,Figura 5 Pregunta No. 5,Figura 6 Pregunta No. 6,Figura 7 Pregunta No. 7,Figura 8 Pregunta No. 8, Anexo encuesta aplicadaHoy en día la selección del talento humano en una corporación y/o compañía es una de las consecuciones más importantes del día a día; es por eso que este trabajo pretende analizar el proceso de selección del personal de la empresa INTELCIA, con el fin de identificar sus falencias y proponer unas mejoras al mismo. Chiavenato, I. (2009) plantea que la selección busca entre diversos candidatos, a quienes sean más adecuados para los puestos que existen en la organización o para las competencias que necesita; y el proceso de selección, por lo tanto, pretende mantener o aumentar la eficiencia o el desempeño humano, así como la eficacia de la organización. Partiendo de lo anterior se seleccionó una muestra del personal que compone la organización con el fin de identificar sus conocimientos frente al proceso de selección y como este afecta de forma directa e indirecta todos sus componentes. Según los resultados obtenidos en el proceso de selección se logró evidenciar la falta de conocimiento que tiene los empleados sobre mencionado proceso y así mismo las falencias que comete la organización en cuanto a temas de estructuración, socialización y toma de decisiones. Por último, se propone mejora en el proceso de selección del talento humano, de tal manera que se puedan seleccionar los mejores talentos humanos, como al igual que estos conozcan los procesos internos de la compañía en cuanto a temas de vacantes y ascensos.Today the selection of human talent in a corporation and/or company is one of the most important achievements of the day to day; That is why this work aims to analyze the selection process of the personnel of the company INTELCIA, in order to identify its shortcomings and propose improvements to it. Chiavenato, I. (2009) states that the selection seeks among various candidates, those who are most suitable for the positions that exist in the organization or for the skills it needs; and the selection process, therefore, aims to maintain or increase the efficiency or human performance, as well as the effectiveness of the organization. Based on the above, a sample of the personnel that makes up the organization was selected in order to identify their knowledge regarding the selection process and how it directly and indirectly affects all its components. According to the results obtained in the selection process, it was possible to demonstrate the lack of knowledge that employees have about said process and also the shortcomings that the organization commits in terms of structuring, socialization and decision-making issues. Finally, improvement is proposed in the selection process of human talent, in such a way that the best human talents can be selected, as well as that they know the internal processes of the company in terms of vacancies and promotions

Plan de mejora del proceso de selección del talento humano de la empresa INTELCIA

Figura 1 Pregunta No. 1,Figura 2 Pregunta No. 2 Fuente: Figura 3 Pregunta No. 3 ,Figura 4 Pregunta No. 4,Figura 5 Pregunta No. 5,Figura 6 Pregunta No. 6,Figura 7 Pregunta No. 7,Figura 8 Pregunta No. 8, Anexo encuesta aplicadaHoy en día la selección del talento humano en una corporación y/o compañía es una de las consecuciones más importantes del día a día; es por eso que este trabajo pretende analizar el proceso de selección del personal de la empresa INTELCIA, con el fin de identificar sus falencias y proponer unas mejoras al mismo. Chiavenato, I. (2009) plantea que la selección busca entre diversos candidatos, a quienes sean más adecuados para los puestos que existen en la organización o para las competencias que necesita; y el proceso de selección, por lo tanto, pretende mantener o aumentar la eficiencia o el desempeño humano, así como la eficacia de la organización. Partiendo de lo anterior se seleccionó una muestra del personal que compone la organización con el fin de identificar sus conocimientos frente al proceso de selección y como este afecta de forma directa e indirecta todos sus componentes. Según los resultados obtenidos en el proceso de selección se logró evidenciar la falta de conocimiento que tiene los empleados sobre mencionado proceso y así mismo las falencias que comete la organización en cuanto a temas de estructuración, socialización y toma de decisiones. Por último, se propone mejora en el proceso de selección del talento humano, de tal manera que se puedan seleccionar los mejores talentos humanos, como al igual que estos conozcan los procesos internos de la compañía en cuanto a temas de vacantes y ascensos.Today the selection of human talent in a corporation and/or company is one of the most important achievements of the day to day; That is why this work aims to analyze the selection process of the personnel of the company INTELCIA, in order to identify its shortcomings and propose improvements to it. Chiavenato, I. (2009) states that the selection seeks among various candidates, those who are most suitable for the positions that exist in the organization or for the skills it needs; and the selection process, therefore, aims to maintain or increase the efficiency or human performance, as well as the effectiveness of the organization. Based on the above, a sample of the personnel that makes up the organization was selected in order to identify their knowledge regarding the selection process and how it directly and indirectly affects all its components. According to the results obtained in the selection process, it was possible to demonstrate the lack of knowledge that employees have about said process and also the shortcomings that the organization commits in terms of structuring, socialization and decision-making issues. Finally, improvement is proposed in the selection process of human talent, in such a way that the best human talents can be selected, as well as that they know the internal processes of the company in terms of vacancies and promotion

Compartir saberes para cuidar mejor: "aulas invertidas" y producción colaborativa de conocimiento

Depto. de Sociología: Metodología y TeoríaFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaFALSEsubmitte

Cytotoxic cell populations developed during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors protect autologous CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 infection

Factor de impacto: 5,858 Q1Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are successfully used in clinic to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Our group previously described that CD4+ T cells from patients with CML on treatment with TKIs such as dasatinib were resistant to HIV-1 infection ex vivo. The main mechanism for this antiviral activity was primarily based on the inhibition of SAMHD1 phosphorylation, which preserves the activity against HIV-1 of this innate immune factor. Approximately 50% CML patients who achieved a deep molecular response (DMR) may safely withdraw TKI treatment without molecular recurrence. Therefore, it has been speculated that TKIs may induce a potent antileukemic response that is maintained in most patients even one year after treatment interruption (TI). Subsequent to in vitro T-cell activation, we observed that SAMHD1 was phosphorylated in CD4+ T cells from CML patients who withdrew TKI treatment more than one year earlier, which indicated that these cells were now susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Importantly, these patients were seronegative for HIV-1 and seropositive for cytomegalovirus (CMV), but without CMV viremia. Although activated CD4+ T cells from CML patients on TI were apparently permissive to HIV-1 infection ex vivo, the frequency of proviral integration was reduced more than 12-fold on average when these cells were infected ex vivo in comparison with cells isolated from untreated, healthy donors. This reduced susceptibility to infection could be related to an enhanced NK-dependent cytotoxic activity, which was increased 8-fold on average when CD4+ T cells were infected ex vivo with HIV-1 in the presence of autologous NK cells. Enhanced cytotoxic activity was also observed in CD8 + T cells from these patients, which showed 8-fold increased expression of TCRγδ and more than 18-fold increased production of IFNγ upon activation with CMV peptides. In conclusion, treatment with TKIs induced a potent antileukemic response that may also have antiviral effects against HIV-1 and CMV, suggesting that transient use of TKIs in HIV-infected patients could develop a sustained antiviral response that would potentially interfere with HIV-1 reservoir dynamics.This work was supported by NIH grant R01AI143567; the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2016-78480-R); the Spanish AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001 that is included in Acción Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica 2016-2020, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Region Development Fund (ERDF). The work of María Rosa López-Huertas and Sara Rodríguez-Mora is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of Lorena Vigón is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER). The work of Elena Mateos is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness SAF2016-78480-R.S

Association between HLA-C alleles and COVID-19 severity in a pilot study with a Spanish Mediterranean Caucasian cohort

The clinical presentations of COVID-19 may range from an asymptomatic or mild infection to a critical or fatal disease. Several host factors such as elderly age, male gender, and previous comorbidities seem to be involved in the most severe outcomes, but also an impaired immune response that causes a hyperinflammatory state but is unable to clear the infection. In order to get further understanding about this impaired immune response, we aimed to determine the association of specific HLA alleles with different clinical presentations of COVID-19. Therefore, we analyzed HLA Class I and II, as well as KIR gene sequences, in 72 individuals with Spanish Mediterranean Caucasian ethnicity who presented mild, severe, or critical COVID-19, according to their clinical characteristics and management. This cohort was recruited in Madrid (Spain) during the first and second pandemic waves between April and October 2020. There were no significant differences in HLA-A or HLA-B alleles among groups. However, despite the small sample size, we found that HLA-C alleles from group C1 HLA-C*08:02, -C*12:03, or -C*16:01 were more frequently associated in individuals with mild COVID-19 (43.8%) than in individuals with severe (8.3%; p = 0.0030; pc = 0.033) and critical (16.1%; p = 0.0014; pc = 0.0154) disease. C1 alleles are supposed to be highly efficient to present peptides to T cells, and HLA-C*12:03 may present a high number of verified epitopes from abundant SARS-CoV-2 proteins M, N, and S, thereby being allegedly able to trigger an efficient antiviral response. On the contrary, C2 alleles are usually poorly expressed on the cell surface due to low association with β2-microglobulin (β2M) and peptides, which may impede the adequate formation of stable HLA-C/β2M/peptide heterotrimers. Consequently, this pilot study described significant differences in the presence of specific HLA-C1 alleles in individuals with different clinical presentations of COVID-19, thereby suggesting that HLA haplotyping could be valuable to get further understanding in the underlying mechanisms of the impaired immune response during critical COVID-19.This work was supported by the Coordinated Research Activities at the Centro Nacional de Microbiologı´a (CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679) to promote an integrated response against SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) that is coordinated by Dr Inmaculada Casas (WHO National Influenza Center of the CNM); donation provided by Chiesi España, S.A.U. (Barcelona, Spain); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-110275RB-I00); and grant MPY509/19 provided by Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The work of MRLH and SRM is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of LV is supported by a pre-doctoral contract from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER). The work of MT is supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_00679). AJMG is the recipient of a post-doctoral contract“Miguel Servet” supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.S

Impaired Cytotoxic Response in PBMCs From Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to the ICU: Biomarkers to Predict Disease Severity

Infection by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes different presentations of COVID-19 and some patients may progress to a critical, fatal form of the disease that requires their admission to ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation. In order to predict in advance which patients could be more susceptible to develop a critical form of COVID-19, it is essential to define the most adequate biomarkers. In this study, we analyzed several parameters related to the cellular immune response in blood samples from 109 patients with different presentations of COVID-19 who were recruited in Hospitals and Primary Healthcare Centers in Madrid, Spain, during the first pandemic peak between April and June 2020. Hospitalized patients with the most severe forms of COVID-19 showed a potent inflammatory response that was not translated into an efficient immune response. Despite the high levels of effector cytotoxic cell populations such as NK, NKT and CD8+ T cells, they displayed immune exhaustion markers and poor cytotoxic functionality against target cells infected with pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 or cells lacking MHC class I molecules. Moreover, patients with critical COVID-19 showed low levels of the highly cytotoxic TCRγδ+ CD8+ T cell subpopulation. Conversely, CD4 count was greatly reduced in association to high levels of Tregs, low plasma IL-2 and impaired Th1 differentiation. The relative importance of these immunological parameters to predict COVID-19 severity was analyzed by Random Forest algorithm and we concluded that the most important features were related to an efficient cytotoxic response. Therefore, efforts to fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection should be focused not only to decrease the disproportionate inflammatory response, but also to elicit an efficient cytotoxic response against the infected cells and to reduce viral replication.This work was supported by the Coordinated Research Activities at the Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679) to promote an integrated response against SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) that is coordinated by Dr. Inmaculada Casas (WHO National Influenza Center of the CNM); a generous donation provided by Chiesi España, S.A.U. (Barcelona, Spain); the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2019-110275RB-I00); the Spanish AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001 that is included in Acciόn Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigaciόn Científica, Desarrollo e Innovaciόn Tecnolόgica 2016-2020, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Region Development Fund (ERDF). The work of ML-H and SR-M is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of LH is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER).S