1,117 research outputs found
Efecto De La Fibra De Polipropileno En El Comportamiento De La Mezcla Asfáltica En Caliente, Trujillo 2018
Esta investigación consistió en un análisis experimental de una mezcla asfáltica en caliente
modificada con fibra de polipropileno, buscando mejorar su comportamiento ante los efectos
del tránsito. Se evaluó el efecto de la fibra de polipropileno en el comportamiento de la
mezcla asfáltica en caliente y para ello se realizaron ensayos de cántabro (pérdida por
desgaste), estabilidad y flujo. Los materiales utilizados para la mezcla fueron, cemento
asfáltico PEN 60/70 de la planta “Asfaltos Company Vial S.A.C” y agregados obtenidos de
la cantera San Martin, provincia de Ascope, La Libertad a los cuales se les realizó una serie
de ensayos de laboratorio. Los porcentajes de granulometría para la mezcla asfáltica fue 48%
de agregado grueso, 50% de agregado fino, 2% de cal hidráulica y cemento asfáltico PEN
60/70 (4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 %), el diseño de la mezcla se realizó a través de la metodología
Marshall en la ciudad de Trujillo. Los resultados que se obtuvieron de la evaluación de los
especímenes de acuerdo al MTC E 504, fue un 5.3 % de cemento asfáltico óptimo y una
estabilidad de 1215 kg con un flujo de 3.35 mm, por otro lado, en mezcla modificada con
0.5, 1.5, 2.5 % de fibra de polipropileno, se obtuvieron estabilidades de 1154, 1271, 1141 kg
y flujo de 2.95, 3.19, 3.46 mm por cada porcentaje de fibra, siendo la estabilidad adecuada
obtenida de la curva de 1270 kg y un flujo de 3.16 mm con un porcentaje óptimo de fibra de
1.4 %. Los resultados obtenidos del ensayo MTC E 515, la pérdida por desgaste para los
grupos experimentales con 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 % de fibra de polipropileno resulto 3.17, 3.04, 3.36
% respectivamente y 4.0 % para el grupo control. En esta investigación se concluyó que la
mezcla modificada con 1.5% de fibra de polipropileno presenta menor pérdida por desgaste
Propiedades psicométricas del Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) en adolescentes, Chiclayo 2022
El presente estudio estableció como objetivo general: determinar las propiedades
psicométricas del Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) en adolescentes de la ciudad
de Chiclayo. La investigación fue aplicada de tipo instrumental y con diseño
psicométrico; la muestra fue seleccionada a través de un muestreo no probabilístico
por conveniencia, la misma que estuvo conformada por 384 adolescentes entre
hombres y mujeres pertenecientes a una institución educativa de Chiclayo. Los
principales resultados demostraron que se logró evidenciar adecuadas propiedades
psicométricas de la Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Con respecto a la validez de
contenido se optó por el método juicio de expertos y el coeficiente V de Aiken el
cual arrojó valores aceptables (>0.90). Además, se evidenció que los 5 ítems
mostraron adecuados índices de asimetría y curtosis (+/-1.5); además adecuados
índices de homogeneidad (>30); y cargas factoriales (>0.30). En lo que concierne
a la validez de constructo, se demostró que el instrumento unidimensional
compuesto por 5 reactivos presenta adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste. Por
último, a través del coeficiente Alpha y Omega, se obtuvo un valor de 0,86, lo que
demuestra una excelente confiabilidad del Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS)
The role of a class III gibberellin 2-oxidase in tomato internode elongation
[EN] A network of environmental inputs and internal signaling controls plant growth, development and organ elongation. In particular, the growth-promoting hormone gibberellin (GA) has been shown to play a significant role in organ elongation. The use of tomato as a model organism to study elongation presents an opportunity to study the genetic control of internode-specific elongation in a eudicot species with a sympodial growth habit and substantial internodes that can and do respond to external stimuli. To investigate internode elongation, a mutant with an elongated hypocotyl and internodes but wild-type petioles was identified through a forward genetic screen. In addition to stem-specific elongation, this mutant, named tomato internode elongated -1 (tie-1) is more sensitive to the GA biosynthetic inhibitor paclobutrazol and has altered levels of intermediate and bioactive GAs compared with wild-type plants. The mutation responsible for the internode elongation phenotype was mapped to GA2oxidase 7, a class III GA 2-oxidase in the GA biosynthetic pathway, through a bulked segregant analysis and bioinformatic pipeline, and confirmed by transgenic complementation. Furthermore, bacterially expressed recombinant TIE protein was shown to have bona fide GA 2-oxidase activity. These results define a critical role for this gene in internode elongation and are significant because they further the understanding of the role of GA biosynthetic genes in organ-specific elongation.This work used the Vincent J. Coates Genomics Sequencing Laboratory at UC Berkeley, supported by NIH S10 Instrumentation Grants S10RR029668 and S10RR027303. We thank the Tomato Genetics Resource Center for providing seed of the M82 and Heinz cultivars. The material was developed by and/or obtained from the UC Davis/C M Rick Tomato Genetics Resource Center and maintained by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. We thank Anthony Bolger, Alisdair Fernie and Bjorn Usadel for providing us with access to pre-publication genomic reads of the S. lycopersicum cultivar M82, and Cristina Urbez and Noel Blanco-Tourinan (IBMCP, Spain) for technical help with in vitro production of TIE1. This work was supported in part by the Elsie Taylor Stocking Memorial Fellowship awarded to ASL in 2013, by NSF grant IOS-0820854, by USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture project CA-D-PLB-2465-H, by internal UC Davis funds, and by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness grant BFU2016-80621-P.Lavelle, A.; Gath, N.; Devisetty, U.; Carrera Bergua, E.; Lopez Diaz, I.; Blazquez Rodriguez, MA.; Maloof, J. (2018). The role of a class III gibberellin 2-oxidase in tomato internode elongation. 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Efeito radioprotetor do piruvato de etila, sozinho ou como um coadjuvante de amifostina
Entre los radioprotectores con uso clínico se destaca la amifostina (WR- 2721), eficaz pero con efectos secundarios que impiden su uso repetitivo. Es interés de los autores desarrollar radioprotectores menos tóxicos, por sí mismos o como coadyuvantes de amifostina. Ratas machos o hembras se expusieron a una dosis de rayos X de 2 Gy. Se ensayó el piruvato de etilo, solo o conjuntamente con amifostina. Cuarenta y ocho horas después de la exposición a la radiación, se realizó el recuento de eritrocitos, de leucocitos y la fórmula leucocitaria. Los efectos genotóxicos se evaluaron en leucocitos de sangre mediante el ensayo Cometa. Se realizaron también estudios de supervivencia a 60 días post-irradiación. En los animales irradiados disminuyeron los eritrocitos, y el recuento de leucocitos se redujo drásticamente respecto al control, presentando además una fórmula alterada. El tratamiento con piruvato de etilo resultó en una protección de los eritrocitos en ambos sexos. El daño genético disminuyó significativamente por el tratamiento con piruvato de etilo solo o combinado con amifostina, y en hembras se observó una mayor supervivencia solo con el tratamiento combinado. El piruvato de etilo mostró una acción radioprotectora significativa, que podría mejorarse aumentando la dosis o el tiempo de tratamiento, ya que tiene muy baja toxicidad.Among the currently available radioprotectors, only amifostine (WR-2721) has shown in clinical trials to reduce radiation-induced toxicity. This compound is an efficient radioprotector but it exhibits some undesirable side effects which prevent its repetitive use. Efforts are directed to develop radioprotective agents with lower toxicity, with their own protective potential or suitable as coadyuvants of amifostine. The present study describes the results obtained by repetitive oral administration of ethyl pyruvate. Male or female rats were exposed to an X-ray dose of 2 Gy. Forty-eight hours after exposure to radiation, erythrocyte count, leukocyte and differential count were performed. Genotoxic effects were assessed in blood leukocytes by the Comet assay. Survival studies were also performed at 60 days post-irradiation. Eritrocyte and leukocyte were reduced in animals exposed to radiation compared to the control, also presenting an altered formula. Treatment with ethyl pyruvate resulted in a protection on erythrocytes of both sexes. Genetic damage was significantly decreased by ethyl pyruvate alone or combined with amifostine, and in females, higher survival was observed only with combined administration. Ethyl pyruvate showed a significant radioprotective action, which could be improved by increasing the dose or time of treatment because it has low toxicity.Entre os radioprotetores com uso clínico destaca-se a amifostina (WR-2721) eficaz mas com efeitos secundários que impedem seu uso repetitivo. O interesse dos autores é desenvolver radioprotetores menos tóxicos, por si mesmos ou como coadjuvantes de amistofina. Ratos machos ou fêmeas foram expostos a doses de raios X de 2Gy. Ensaiou-se o piruvato de etila, só ou junto com amifostina. Quarenta e oito horas após a exposição à radiação foi realizada a contagem de eritrócitos, de leucócitos e da fórmula leucocitária. Efeitos genotóxicos foram avaliados em leucócitos do sangue pelo Ensaio Cometa. Estudos de sobrevivência foram também realizados a 60 dias pós-irradiação. Nos animais irradiados diminuíram os eritrócitos, e a contagem de leucócitos se reduziu drasticamente em comparação com o controle, apresentando também uma fórmula alterada. O tratamento com piruvato de etila resultou numa proteção dos eritrócitos em ambos os sexos. O dano genético diminuiu significativamente pelo tratamento com piruvato de etila sozinho ou combinado com amifostina, e nas fêmeas se observou maior sobrevivência só com o tratamento combinado. O piruvato de etila mostrou uma ação radioprotetora significativa, que poderia ser melhorada pelo aumento da dose ou do tempo de tratamento, visto que tem baixa toxicidade.Fil: Maciel, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Quintans, Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Diaz Gomez, Maria Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Costantini, Martin Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Formosa Lemoine, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Montalto, Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Gabriel Diego. Ministerio de Defensa. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Jose Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Gerardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Argentin
Human biomonitoring. Basics: educational course
Ana Isabel Cañas Portilla, Argelia Castaño, Susana Pedraza Diaz y Marta Esteban López del Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (ISCIII) han contribuido en el desarrollo de este curso.Human biomonitoring (HBM) is an instrument for measuring the internal dose of exogenous substances/chemicals that enter a
body during a certain period of exposure from a range of sources. It contributes to reducing uncertainties in the assessment of
health risks from chemicals and provides information for decision-making on the prevention of negative impacts of chemicals
on human health and the environment. Promoting the use of HBM is a recognized priority of chemical safety globally and in
the WHO European Region. Given the complexity of HBM, relevant capacities should be built at the national level to explore its
benefits. This educational course on HBM, presented in the form of slides with accompanying notes and references, compiles
scientific information on HBM as well as practical examples. It was developed to support the training of public-health and
health-care professionals; students of medical, biological and other allied sciences; and professionals and decision-makers in
the health, environment and other relevant sectorsThis course was developed with financial support from the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection and the German Federal Ministry of Health.S
Regulation of ovule initiation by gibberellins and brassinosteroids in tomato and Arabidopsis: two plant species, two molecular mechanisms
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Barro¿Trastoy, D., Carrera, E., Baños, J., Palau-Rodríguez, J., Ruiz-Rivero, O., Tornero, P., Alonso, J.M., López-Díaz, I., Gómez, M.D. and Pérez-Amador, M.A. (2020), Regulation of ovule initiation by gibberellins and brassinosteroids in tomato and Arabidopsis: two plant species, two molecular mechanisms. Plant J, 102: 1026-1041, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14684. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] Ovule primordia formation is a complex developmental process with a strong impact on the production of seeds. In Arabidopsis this process is controlled by a gene network, including components of the signalling pathways of auxin, brassinosteroids (BRs) and cytokinins. Recently, we have shown that gibberellins (GAs) also play an important role in ovule primordia initiation, inhibiting ovule formation in both Arabidopsis and tomato. Here we reveal that BRs also participate in the control of ovule initiation in tomato, by promoting an increase on ovule primordia formation. Moreover, molecular and genetic analyses of the co-regulation by GAs and BRs of the control of ovule initiation indicate that two different mechanisms occur in tomato and Arabidopsis. In tomato, GAs act downstream of BRs. BRs regulate ovule number through the downregulation of GA biosynthesis, which provokes stabilization of DELLA proteins that will finally promote ovule primordia initiation. In contrast, in Arabidopsis both GAs and BRs regulate ovule number independently of the activity levels of the other hormone. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that different molecular mechanisms could operate in different plant species to regulate identical developmental processes even, as for ovule primordia initiation, if the same set of hormones trigger similar responses, adding a new level of complexity.We wish to thank B. Janssen (Horticulture and Food Research Institute, New Zealand) for the pBJ60 shuttle vector, C. Ferrandiz and M. Colombo (IBMCP, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain) for their help in the generation of 35S:ANT lines and L.E.P. Peres (Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil) for the tomato mutant lines. Our thanks also go to C. Fuster for technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness-FEDER (BIO2017-83138R) to MAPA and from NSF (DBI-0820755, MCB-1158181, and IOS-1444561) to JMA.Barro-Trastoy, D.; Carrera, E.; Baños, J.; Palau-Rodríguez, J.; Ruiz-Rivero, O.; Tornero Feliciano, P.; Alonso, JM.... (2020). Regulation of ovule initiation by gibberellins and brassinosteroids in tomato and Arabidopsis: two plant species, two molecular mechanisms. The Plant Journal. 102(5):1026-1041. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14684S102610411025Azhakanandam, S., Nole-Wilson, S., Bao, F., & Franks, R. G. (2008). SEUSSandAINTEGUMENTAMediate Patterning and Ovule Initiation during Gynoecium Medial Domain Development . Plant Physiology, 146(3), 1165-1181. doi:10.1104/pp.107.114751Bai, M.-Y., Shang, J.-X., Oh, E., Fan, M., Bai, Y., Zentella, R., … Wang, Z.-Y. (2012). Brassinosteroid, gibberellin and phytochrome impinge on a common transcription module in Arabidopsis. Nature Cell Biology, 14(8), 810-817. doi:10.1038/ncb2546Baker, S. C., Robinson-Beers, K., Villanueva, J. M., Gaiser, J. C., & Gasser, C. S. (1997). Interactions Among Genes Regulating Ovule Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics, 145(4), 1109-1124. doi:10.1093/genetics/145.4.1109Bartrina, I., Otto, E., Strnad, M., Werner, T., & Schmülling, T. (2011). Cytokinin Regulates the Activity of Reproductive Meristems, Flower Organ Size, Ovule Formation, and Thus Seed Yield in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Tomato floral induction and flower development are orchestrated by the interplay between gibberellin and two unrelated microRNA-controlled modules
[EN] Age-regulated microRNA156 (miR156) and targets similarly control the competence to flower in diverse species. By contrast, the diterpene hormone gibberellin (GA) and the microRNA319-regulated TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors promote flowering in the facultative long-day Arabidopsis thaliana, but suppress it in the day-neutral tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
We combined genetic and molecular studies and described a new interplay between GA and two unrelated miRNA-associated pathways that modulates tomato transition to flowering.
Tomato PROCERA/DELLA activity is required to promote flowering along with the miR156-targeted SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE (SPL/SBP) transcription factors by activating SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) in the leaves and the MADS-Boxgene APETALA1(AP1)/MC at the shoot apex. Conversely, miR319-targeted LANCEOLATE represses floral transition by increasing GA concentrations and inactivating SFT in the leaves and AP1/MC at the shoot apex. Importantly, the combination of high GA concentrations/responses with the loss of SPL/SPB function impaired canonical meristem maturation and flower initiation in tomato.
Our results reveal a cooperative regulation of tomato floral induction and flower development, integrating age cues (miR156 module) with GA responses and miR319-controlled pathways. Importantly, this study contributes to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of GA in controlling flowering time in a day-neutral species.We thank Dr C. Schommer for kindly providing tcp4-soj8/+ seeds, and Carlos Rojas for Arabidopsis flowering time analyses. This work was supported by FAPESP (grant no. 15/17892-7 and fellowships nos 15/23826-7 and 13/16949-0). The authors declare no conflict of interest.Silva, G.; Silva, E.; Correa, J.; Vicente, M.; Jiang, N.; Notini, M.; Junior, A.... (2018). Tomato floral induction and flower development are orchestrated by the interplay between gibberellin and two unrelated microRNA-controlled modules. New Phytologist. 221(3):1328-1344. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15492S132813442213Andrés, F., & Coupland, G. (2012). 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Downregulation of miR-31 in Diabetic Nephropathy and its Relationship with Inflammation
Background/Aims: There is a lack of reliable biological markers for the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) during type 2 diabetes. In this pilot study we aim to assess whether miR-31 levels are modulated by the presence of DN and whether the expression of this miRNA is related to leukocyte-endothelial interactions and inflammation. Methods: Thirty-one T2D patients were enrolled in this pilot study; 18 with no diabetic complications and 13 with diabetic nephropathy. 24 non-diabetic subjects and 13 T2D patients with retinopathy (absent of other complications) were included to test the specificity of miR-31. Following anthropometric and biochemical evaluation, serum miR-31 levels were assessed by Real Time-PCR. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions were evaluated by a parallel flow chamber in vitro model. Serum TNFα, IL-6 and ICAM-1 levels were determined by XMAP-technology in a flow cytometry-based Luminex 200 instrument. Results: Serum miR-31 levels were similar between control and T2D subjects. However, T2D patients with DN displayed reduced levels of miR-31 with respect to patients without complications. This decrease in miR-31 was more pronounced in patients with macroalbuminuria than in those with microalbuminuria and was specific for DN, since patients with retinopathy displayed unaltered miR-31 levels. The presence of DN involved a lower leukocyte rolling velocity and an increased rolling flux and adhesion. miR-31 levels were positively correlated with leukocyte rolling velocity and negatively associated to leukocyte adhesion, TNFα, IL-6 and ICAM-1 levels. Conclusion: Serum miR-31 may be a biomarker for DN in T2D patients. The regulation of this miRNA seems to be related to the recruitment of leukocytes to vascular walls induced by pro-inflammatory and adhesion molecules
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