Valores e estrutura social no Brasil

This paper addresses the relationship between social structure and social values in the Brazilian society in light of survey data from a national sample of 3,772 respondents. In addition to examining traditional variables - such as income and education -, the analysis incorporated information on variables such as sex, race/ethnicity, age, geographic region, and religious affiliation. The survey questions dealt with issues such as adherence to democracy, acceptance of diversity, gender equality, reasons for inequality, and others. The results were ambivalent. While presenting different degrees of effect according to the questions and issues, education and age emerged as key variables to explain the substantive differences in the responses. The youth, in particular, presents levels of adherence to democratic principles and values that are higher than others. Interestingly, none of the differences is explained by income, which suggests the lack of a "new middle class" holding different values when one assumes hat ranges of income are the main indicators of "social classes", as it has become a commonplace in contemporary debates

A Participação das ONGs nas Políticas Públicas: o Ponto de Vista de Gestores Federais

Produzido pelo Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea), o estudo A Participação das ONGs nas Políticas Públicas: o Ponto de Vista de Gestores Federais traz as percepções de gestores da alta burocracia federal quanto à decisão de implementar políticas públicas por meio da cooperação com organizações não governamentais (ONGs). A pesquisa sistematiza os motivos que animam a cooperação, as vantagens e desvantagens da implementação por meio de ONGs em face da burocracia pública e, por fim, os papéis relativos atribuídos ao Estado/burocracia e às ONGs nas políticas

Evaluación del impacto de una intervención para mejorar las coberturas de vacunación frente a neumococo en pacientes con VIH

Fundamentos: Las personas infectadas por el vi-rus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) presentan riesgo elevado de sufrir la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva, motivo por el que se recomienda su vacuna-ción frente al neumococo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el impacto de implementar una consulta hospitalaria de vacunas en las coberturas de vacuna-ción de estos pacientes. Métodos: Se elaboró un estudio cuasiexperimental sin grupo control, de tipo antes/después, en el que se realizó un muestreo de casos consecutivos de pacientes con VIH remitidos a nuestra consulta entre el 1 noviembre de 2014 y el 30 junio de 2018. Las coberturas en el momento de la fecha de la cita para la valoración de su estado vacunal (en nuestra consulta) y después de ser atendido se compararon usando la prueba chi-cuadrado. Como referencia se utilizaron las del momento de la fecha de la primera cita. Resultados: Se analizaron 209 pacientes, en los que se obtuvieron mejoras estadísticamente signifi-cativas en sus coberturas vacunales: 2, 9% en el mo-mento de la fecha de la cita para la valoración en nuestra consulta y 88% después de ser atendidos en nuestra consulta (RR [IC95%]= 30, 7 [13, 92-67, 58]) para la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada 13-valen-te, y 16, 3% en el momento de la primera cita y 83, 7% después de ser atendidos en nuestra consulta (RR [IC95%]=5, 2 [3, 76-7, 04]) para la vacuna antineumo-cócica polisacárida 23-valente. Conclusiones: Implementar una consulta hospitalaria de vacunas representa una intervención efectiva para mejorar las coberturas de vacunación frente al neumococo en pacientes con VIH. Background: People affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher risk of invasive pneumococcal disease. Therefore, vaccination against streptococcus pneumoniae is recommended for that group. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of implementing a hospital appointment to assess vaccination status as part of the vaccination schedule of HIV patients. Methods: We carried out a quasi-experimental uncontrolled before and after study with a sampling of consecutive cases of HIV patients referred to our department from November 1, 2014 to June 30, 2018. The study compared the vaccination coverage on the date of the appointment for an assessment of their vaccination status in our department and after the appointment. The analysis used the chi-squared test and the values on the date of the first appointment were taken as a reference. Results: 209 patients were analyzed, and a statistically significant improvement was observed regarding their vaccination coverage: 2.9% of the patients had been vaccinated on the date in which they made an appointment for assessment by our department, and 88.0% were vaccinated after they left (OR [95%CI]: 30.7 [13.92-67.58]) with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; and 16.3% had been vaccinated on the date they made the first appointment vs. 83.7% after they came to the appointment (OR [95%CI]: 5.2 [3.76-7.04]) with the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine. Conclusions: Implementing a hospital appointment for vaccination is an effective intervention to improve vaccination coverage against streptococcus pneumoniae in HIV patients

Extracellular Vesicles From Liver Progenitor Cells Downregulates Fibroblast Metabolic Activity and Increase the Expression of Immune-Response Related Molecules

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-to-cell crosstalk whose content can induce changes in acceptor cells and their microenvironment. MLP29 cells are mouse liver progenitor cells that release EVs loaded with signaling cues that could affect cell fate. In the current work, we incubated 3T3-L1 mouse fibroblasts with MLP29-derived EVs, and then analyzed changes by proteomics and transcriptomics. Results showed a general downregulation of protein and transcript expression related to proliferative and metabolic routes dependent on TGF-beta. We also observed an increase in the ERBB2 interacting protein (ERBIN) and Cxcl2, together with an induction of ribosome biogenesis and interferon-related response molecules, suggesting the activation of immune system signaling

The present and future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world

Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a common disease worldwide. At any point in time 2.7 million people have a history of UBC. The incidence of UBC varies over the world with highest rates in developed communities. But the burden of UBC will increase in less developed areas of the world. These changes can be attributed to global changes in exposure to risk factors for UBC and growth and aging of the world population

Correlational analysis and predictive validity of psychological constructs related with pain in fibromyalgia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent and disabling disorder characterized by a history of widespread pain for at least three months. Pain is considered a complex experience in which affective and cognitive aspects are crucial for prognosis. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of pain-related psychological constructs on function and pain in patients with FM.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Design</p> <p>Multicentric, naturalistic, one-year follow-up study.</p> <p><it>Setting and study sample</it>. Patients will be recruited from primary care health centres in the region of Aragon, Spain. Patients considered for inclusion are those aged 18-65 years, able to understand Spanish, who fulfil criteria for primary FM according to the American College of Rheumatology, with no previous psychological treatment.</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>The variables measured will be the following: main variables (pain assessed with a visual analogue scale and with sphygmomanometer and general function assessed with Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and), psychological constructs (pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, mental defeat, psychological inflexibility, perceived injustice, mindfulness, and positive and negative affect), and secondary variables (sociodemographic variables, anxiety and depression assessed with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and psychiatric interview assessed with MINI). Assessments will be carried at baseline and at one-year follow-up.</p> <p>Main outcome</p> <p>Pain Visual Analogue Scale.</p> <p>Analysis</p> <p>The existence of differences in socio-demographic, main outcome and other variables regarding pain-related psychological constructs will be analysed using Chi Square test for qualitative variables, or Student <it>t </it>test or variance analysis, respectively, for variables fulfilling the normality hypothesis. To assess the predictive value of pain-related psychological construct on main outcome variables at one-year follow-up, use will be made of a logistic regression analysis adjusted for socio-demographic and clinical variables. A Spearman Rho non-parametric correlation matrix will be developed to determine possible overlapping between pain-related psychological constructs.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>In recent years, the relevance of cognitive and affective aspects for the treatment of chronic pain, not only in FM but also in other chronic pain diseases, has been widely acknowledged. However, the relative importance of these psychological constructs, the relationship and possible overlapping between them, or the exact meaning of them in pain are not enough known.</p

Deletion of iRhom2 protects against diet-induced obesity by increasing thermogenesis

Objective: Obesity is the result of positive energy balance. It can be caused by excessive energy consumption but also by decreased energy dissipation, which occurs under several conditions including when the development or activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is impaired. Here we evaluated whether iRhom2, the essential cofactor for the Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) sheddase ADAM17/TACE, plays a role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome.Methods: We challenged WT versus iRhom2 KO mice to positive energy balance by chronic exposure to a high fat diet and then compared their metabolic phenotypes. We also carried out ex vivo assays with primary and immortalized mouse brown adipocytes to establish the autonomy of the effect of loss of iRhom2 on thermogenesis and respiration.Results: Deletion of iRhom2 protected mice from weight gain, dyslipidemia, adipose tissue inflammation, and hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity when challenged by a high fat diet. Crucially, the loss of iRhom2 promotes thermogenesis via BAT activation and beige adipocyte recruitment, enabling iRhom2 KO mice to dissipate excess energy more efficiently than WT animals. This effect on enhanced thermogenesis is cell-autonomous in brown adipocytes as iRhom2 KOs exhibit elevated UCP1 levels and increased mitochondrial proton leak.Conclusion: Our data suggest that iRhom2 is a negative regulator of thermogenesis and plays a role in the control of adipose tissue homeostasis during metabolic disease. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF

The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described

Repression of Flowering by the miR172 Target SMZ

The flowering repressors SMZ and FLM, members of the AP-2 and MADS domain transcription factor families, unexpectedly work together to regulate flowering time via their effects on expression of the FT gene

Multiple star systems in the Orion nebula

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final fersion is available from EDP Sciences via the DOI in this record.This work presents an interferometric study of the massive-binary fraction in the Orion Trapezium cluster with the recently comissioned GRAVITY instrument. We observed a total of 16 stars of mainly OB spectral type. We find three previously unknown companions for θ1 Ori B, θ2 Ori B, and θ2 Ori C. We determined a separation for the previously suspected companion of NU Ori. We confirm four companions for θ1 Ori A, θ1 Ori C, θ1 Ori D, and θ2 Ori A, all with substantially improved astrometry and photometric mass estimates. We refined the orbit of the eccentric high-mass binary θ1 Ori C and we are able to derive a new orbit for θ1 Ori D. We find a system mass of 21.7 M⊙ and a period of 53 days. Together with other previously detected companions seen in spectroscopy or direct imaging, eleven of the 16 high-mass stars are multiple systems. We obtain a total number of 22 companions with separations up to 600 AU. The companion fraction of the early B and O stars in our sample is about two, significantly higher than in earlier studies of mostly OB associations. The separation distribution hints toward a bimodality. Such a bimodality has been previously found in A stars, but rarely in OB binaries, which up to this point have been assumed to be mostly compact with a tail of wider companions. We also do not find a substantial population of equal-mass binaries. The observed distribution of mass ratios declines steeply with mass, and like the direct star counts, indicates that our companions follow a standard power law initial mass function. Again, this is in contrast to earlier findings of flat mass ratio distributions in OB associations. We excluded collision as a dominant formation mechanism but find no clear preference for core accretion or competitive accretion.Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant AgreementFCT-PortugalERC Starting Gran