Growth monitoring with sub-monolayer sensitivity via real time thermal conductance measurements

Growth monitoring during the early stages of film formation is of prime importance to understand the growth process, the microstructure and thus the overall layer properties. In this work, we demonstrate that phonons can be used as sensitive probes to monitor real time evolution of film microstructure during growth, from incipient clustering to continuous film formation. For that purpose, a silicon nitride membrane-based sensor has been fabricated to measure in-plane thermal conductivity of thin film samples. Operating with the 3{\omega}-V\"olklein method at low frequencies, the sensor shows an exceptional resolution down to {\Delta}({\kappa}*t)=0.065 nm*W/(m*K), enabling accurate measurements. Validation of the sensor performance is done with organic and metallic thin films. In both cases, at early stages of growth, we observe an initial reduction of the effective thermal conductance of the supporting amorphous membrane, K, related with the surface phonon scattering enhanced by the incipient nanoclusters formation. As clusters develop, K reaches a minimum at the percolation threshold. Subsequent island percolation produces a sharp increase of the conductance and once the surface coverage is completed K increases linearly with thickness The thermal conductivity of the deposited films is obtained from the variation of K with thickness

Laboratory evaluation of a Teac R-18 cassette data recorder

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Micropower thermoelectric generator from thin Si membranes

We report the development of a Si-based micro thermogenerator build from silicon-on-insulator by using standard CMOS processing. Ultrathin single-crystalline Si membranes, 100 nm in thickness, with embedded n and p-type doped regions electrically connected in series and thermally in parallel, are active elements of the thermoelectric device that generate thermopower under various thermal gradients. This proof-of-concept device produces an output power density of 4.5 µW/cm2, under a temperature difference of 5 K, opening the way to envisage integration as wearable thermoelectrics for body energy scavenging.Peer Reviewe