Review of the monograph “Begishev I. R., Bikeev I. I. Crimes in the sphere of digital information circulation. Kazan: Poznaniye Publishers of Kazan Innovative University, 2020, 300 p.”

Objective: to assess the completeness and quality of the dissertation research carried out by I. A. Efremova on “Institute of exemption from punishment in the theory of criminal law, legislative and judicial practice”.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in their historical development and functioning, which contributed to applying the following research methods: logical, formal-legal, system, analytical, comparative-legal, sociological.Results: the theoretical model of convicts release from criminal punishment formed by the author is analyzed; the assessment is given of the regularities, tendencies and dependences established by the applicant, and of the new knowledge on the institute of release from criminal punishment and its norms.Scientific novelty: the advantages and disadvantages of the dissertation research are revealed; it is established that the dissertation research is an independent, complete scientific and qualification work, representing an advance in science and making a significant contribution to the development of the criminal policy of the state, including the doctrine of exemption from punishment.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions set out in the review can be used in scientific, pedagogical, law- making, and law-enforcement activities when considering the application and improvement of the institution of exemption of convicts from criminal punishment

The principles of selecting and structuring the syllabus of foreign language teaching aimed at developing the students research competence

© 2015, Review of European Studies. All right reserved. The essence of the development of the students research competence in the process of learning a foreign language is to acquire knowledge, skills and work methods allowing students to take the position of a researcher capable both to carry out and present the results of the research in the international language that contributes to unlocking their full intellectual potential in the future professional activity. The methodological basis for solving this problem has become the modular competence-forming, research and integrative approaches. According to these approaches the article discusses the nature and the content of the principles of selection and structuring the syllabus of foreign language teaching aimed at creating the students research competence: the principle of integration, the principle of poly-logic cognition, a problematic principle, the principle of concentrism and the principle of mediation activities by means of learning a foreign language. The article submissions present both theoretical and practical value for the teachers of “Foreign Language course” as well as for the future teachers

Viral genome packaging terminase cleaves DNA using the canonical RuvC-like two-metal catalysis mechanism

Bacteriophages and large dsDNA viruses encode sophisticated machinery to translocate their DNA into a preformed empty capsid. An essential part of this machine, the large terminase protein, processes viral DNA into constituent units utilizing its nuclease activity. Crystal structures of the large terminase nuclease from the thermophilic bacteriophage G20c show that it is most similar to the RuvC family of the RNase H-like endonucleases. Like RuvC proteins, the nuclease requires either Mn2+, Mg2+ or Co2+ ions for activity, but is inactive with Zn2+ and Ca2+. High resolution crystal structures of complexes with different metals reveal that in the absence of DNA, only one catalytic metal ion is accommodated in the active site. Binding of the second metal ion may be facilitated by conformational variability, which enables the two catalytic aspartic acids to be brought closer to each other. Structural comparison indicates that in common with the RuvC family, the location of the two catalytic metals differs from other members of the RNase H family. In contrast to a recently proposed mechanism, the available data do not support binding of the two metals at an ultra-short interatomic distance. Thus we postulate that viral terminases cleave DNA by the canonical RuvC-like mechanism

Оценка влияния индукторов овуляции на состояние молочной железы у женщин в программе эндокорпорального оплодотворения по результатам микроволновой маммографии

The results of check-up of 65 women with sterility in extracorporal fertilization (EF) program are presented. Radiothermometry was used to estimate the influence of ovulation induction on the state of breast. The dependence of changes of breast temperature on the patients’ age, pregnance in EF program, scheme of ovulation induction, number of EF attempts, gonadotrophin dose, amount of oocytes received in the EF program, presence of Ovarian HyperStimulation Syndrome (OHSS) , and level of preovulatory E2 have been analyzed. A tendency to an increase of breast temperature in women in the Assisted Reproductive Treatment (ART) program has been revealed. It correlates with the number of EF attempts, gonadotrophin dose, amount of received oocytes, presence of OHSS, and level of preovulatory estradiol, which may be indicative of increased proliferative activity in this cohort of patients. The method of microwave radiothermometry can be used to estimate and monitor the functional state of breast in women of any age without dose load.Представлены результаты комплексного обследования 65 женщин с бесплодием в программе эндокорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО). Для оценки влияния индукторов овуляции на состояние молочных желез использовали метод микроволновой радиотермометрии. Проанализирована зависимость изменения температуры молочной железы от возраста пациенток, наступления беременности в программе ЭКО, схемы индукции овуляции, количества попыток ЭКО, дозы гонадотропинов, количества полученных ооцитов в программе ЭКО, наличия синдрома гиперстимуляции яичников (СГЯ) и уровня преовуляторного Е2. Выявлена тенденция к повышению температуры в молочной железе у женщин в программе ВРТ, коррелирующая с количеством попыток ЭКО, дозой гонадотропинов, количеством полученных ооцитов, наличием СГЯ, уровнем преовуляторного эстрадиола,что может свидетельствовать о повышении пролиферативной активности у данного контингента пациенток. Метод микроволновой радиотермометрии можно использовать для оценки и мониторинга функционального состояния молочных желез женщин любого возраста без дозовой нагрузки

Физиологическая роль мелатонина при оксидативном стрессе в эмбриональный период развития

Introduction. Melatonin, being a powerful endogenous antioxidant, provides healthy course of pregnancy and childbirth. Decrease of melatonin levels in blood correlates with severity of preeclampsia. Currently, melatonin is viewed as a perspective antioxidant, able to improve mother’s condition during preeclampsia and protect fetus from unfavorable intrauterine environment.The objective was to study melatonin effects on remodeling of chicken embryo heart tissue under normal conditions and under oxidative stress model.Materials and methods. The study was performed using organotypic culture of heart tissue of 10–12-day-old chicken embryos. Oxidative stress was modeled by adding epinephrine 10–4 М or homocysteine thiolactone 10–3 М to culture medium.Results. The trophotropic effects of melatonin was detected at a concentration of 10–6 M. Drug stimulated heart tissue explants’ growth on 20 %. Epinephrine showed cardiotoxic effects at concentrations of 10–4 and 10–6 М. Melatonin (10–6 М) neutralized cardiotoxic effects of epinephrine (10–4 M). Cardiotoxic effects of homocysteine thiolactone (10–3 М) preserved in presence of melatonin (10–6 М).Conclusion. During embryonic period, melatonin neutralizes cardiotoxic effects of oxidative stress caused by a high concentration of epinephrine, but not by homocysteine thiolactone. Введение. Мелатонин является мощным эндогенным антиоксидантом, обеспечивает нормальное течение беременности и рождение здорового ребенка. Снижение концентрации гормона в крови коррелирует с тяжестью преэклампсии. В настоящее время мелатонин рассматривают как перспективный антиоксидант, который может улучшить состояние матери при преэклампсии, одновременно защищая плод от неблагоприятной внутриутробной среды.Цель – изучить прямое влияние мелатонина на ремоделирование ткани сердца куриного эмбриона в норме и при моделировании оксидативного стресса.Методы и материалы. В работе использован метод органотипической культуры ткани сердца 10–12-дневных куриных эмбрионов. Оксидативный стресс моделировали введением в питательную среду адреналина в дозе 10–4 М или гомоцистеин тиолактона в концентрации 10–3 М.Результаты. Обнаружен трофотропный эффект мелатонина в концентрации 10–6 М. Препарат стимулировал рост эксплантатов ткани сердца на 20 %. Адреналин проявил кардиотоксическое действие в концентрациях 10–4 и 10–6 М. Мелатонин (10–6 М) нивелировал кардиотоксический эффект адреналина (10–4 М). Кардиотоксический эффект гомоцистеин тиолактона (10–3 М) в присутствии мелатонина (10–6 М) сохранялся.Заключение. В эмбриональный периодмелатонин устраняет кардиотоксическое влияние окислительного стресса, вызванного высокой концентрацией адреналина, но не гомоцистеин тиолактона.