Pediatric Endocrinology 2011

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PediatriaIrmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediátrica Departamento de Pediatria e PuericulturaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Faculdade de Ciências Médica Departamento de PediatriaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PediatriaSciEL

Hepatitis C and hemodialysis: a review

Hepatitis C is a serious public health problem throughout the world; chronic renal patients are highly exposed to this infection. This could be due to a failure to identify carriers of this disease or because of a lack of truly effective biosafety measures implemented in the dialysis units. Molecular biology techniques have allowed for the understanding of this virus in detail, including its replication mechanisms. Epidemiological studies have been made throughout the world, with the goal of determining the dissemination dynamics of this agent, in addition to examining the predominance of the different genotypes, and the possible mutants that are involved. Many questions must still be answered concerning infection by Hepatitis C virus (HCV); this is especially important for immunosuppressed patients.Adolfo Lutz Institute Virology Service Laboratory of HepatitisIrmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São PauloFaculty of Medical Sciences Santa Casa de São Paulo Molecular Medicine LaboratoryFederal University of São Paulo Medical School Department of Infectious and Parasitic InfectionsUNIFESP, Medical School Department of Infectious and Parasitic InfectionsSciEL

Pediatric Endocrinology 2011

49950

Androgens by immunoassay and mass spectrometry in children with 46,XY disorder of sex development

Objective: Steroid measurement is a challenge in pediatric endocrinology. Currently, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is considered a gold standard for this purpose. The aim of this study was to compare both LC-MS/MS and immunoassay (IA) for androgens before and after human recombinant chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) stimulus in children with 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods: Nineteen patients with 46,XY DSD were evaluated; all of them were prepubertal and non-gonadectomized. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), DHEA and androstenedione were measured by IA and LC-MS/MS before and 7 days after rhCG injection. The correlation between IA and LC-MS/MS was analyzed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SCC). For concordance analysis the Passing and Bablok (PB) regression and the Bland and Altman (BA) method were used. Results: Testosterone showed excellent correlation (ICC = 0.960 and SCC = 0.964); DHT showed insignificant and moderate correlations as indicated by ICC (0.222) and SCC (0.631), respectively; DHEA showed moderate correlation (ICC = 0.585 and SCC = 0.716); and androstenedione had poor and moderate correlations in ICC (0.363) and SCC (0.735), respectively. Using the PB method, all hormones showed a linear correlation, but proportional and systematic concordance errors were detected for androstenedione, systematic errors for testosterone and no errors for DHEA and DHT. By the BA method, there was a trend of IA to overestimate testosterone and androstenedione and underestimate DHEA and DHT when compared to LC-MS/MS. Conclusion: Traditional IA should be replaced by LC-MS/MS for the androgens measurement in prepubertal children whenever is possible

Corticoterapia: minimizando efeitos colaterais

OBJETIVO: Ressaltar os principais efeitos indesejáveis durante a corticoterapia, o mecanismo de seu desencadeamento e as medidas necessárias para minimizar os efeitos colaterais. FONTES DOS DADOS: Experiência do autor, complementada com trabalhos publicados no MEDLINE. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Os princípios para que se minimizem os efeitos indesejáveis da corticoterapia incluem: a) indicação rígida em que o uso do glicocorticóide seja essencial; b) evitar o uso de glicocorticóides de ação prolongada, preferindo glicocorticóide de ação curta ou intermediária; c) reduzir ao mínimo necessário a duração do tratamento, visto que tratamentos com duração entre 5 e 7 dias apresentam poucos efeitos colaterais e rápida recuperação do eixo hipotalâmico-hipofisário; d) preferir glicocorticóides de ação local, como glicocorticóides inalatórios; e) associação com outros fármacos, em especial outros antiinflamatórios ou imunossupressores mais específicos, buscando efeitos sinérgicos que permitam evitar o uso de glicocorticóides ou reduzir a dose e o tempo da corticoterapia; f) oferecer a menor dose necessária para o efeito desejado, respeitando a sensibilidade de cada indivíduo aos glicocorticóides. CONCLUSÕES: o conhecimento das características farmacológicas e ações biológicas dos glicocorticóides permite a melhor opção terapêutica quanto à indicação, dose, via de administração e duração da corticoterapia