601 research outputs found
Tetrahedratic mesophases, chiral order, and helical domains induced by quadrupolar and octupolar interactions
We present an exhaustive account of phases and phase transitions that can be stabilized in the recently introduced generalized Lebwohl-Lasher model with quadrupolar and octupolar microscopic interactions [ L. Longa, G. Pająk and T. Wydro Phys. Rev. E 79 040701 (2009)]. A complete mean-field analysis of the model, along with Monte Carlo simulations allows us to identify four distinct classes of the phase diagrams with a number of multicritical points where, in addition to the standard uniaxial and biaxial nematic phases, the other nematic like phases are stabilized. These involve, among the others, tetrahedratic (T), nematic tetrahedratic (NT), and chiral nematic tetrahedratic (NT*) phases of global Td, D2d, and D2 symmetry, respectively. Molecular order parameters and correlation functions in these phases are determined. We conclude with generalizations of the model that give a simple molecular interpretation of macroscopic regions with opposite optical activity (ambidextrous chirality), observed, e.g., in bent-core systems. An estimate of the helical pitch in the NT* phase is also given
Synchronization in the presence of memory
We study the effect of memory on synchronization of identical chaotic systems
driven by common external noises. Our examples show that while in general
synchronization transition becomes more difficult to meet when memory range
increases, for intermediate ranges the synchronization tendency of systems can
be enhanced. Generally the synchronization transition is found to depend on the
memory range and the ratio of noise strength to memory amplitude, which
indicates on a possibility of optimizing synchronization by memory. We also
point out on a close link between dynamics with memory and noise, and recently
discovered synchronizing properties of networks with delayed interactions
Bi-modality in the wakes of simplified road vehicles: simulation and feedback control
Large Eddy Simulations are performed to investigate the bi-modal behavior of the flow past three-dimensional square - back bluff bodies. We consider two simplified road vehicle geometries: (i) the squareback Ahmed body and (ii) a simplified square -back truck geometry, with height greater than its width. The Reynolds numbers based on body height is chosen in the range 20,000 - 33,000, such that turbulent separation occurs for both. It is characteristic of such wakes to exhibit slow random switching between asymmetric states. The accessibility of full flow - field data allows us to extract wake flow features that offer new insights. Finally we apply a single-input single - output linear feedback control strategy to the flow. This consists of sensing the base pressure force fluctuations, and actuating a zero- net-mass-flux slot jet just ahead of separation to attenuate base pressure force fluctuations. Its effects on the symmetry of the wake and the mean pressure drag are investigated
Landau-deGennes Theory of Biaxial Nematics Re-examined
Recent experiments report that the long looked for thermotropic biaxial
nematic phase has been finally detected in some thermotropic liquid crystalline
systems. Inspired by these experimental observations we concentrate on some
elementary theoretical issues concerned with the classical sixth-order
Landau-deGennes free energy expansion in terms of the symmetric and traceless
tensor order parameter . In particular, we fully explore the
stability of the biaxial nematic phase giving analytical solutions for all
distinct classes of the phase diagrams that theory allows. This includes
diagrams with triple- and (tri-)critical points and with multiple (reentrant)
biaxial- and uniaxial phase transitions. A brief comparison with predictions of
existing molecular theories is also given.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figure
Reduced motor planning underlying inhibition of prepotent responses in children with ADHD
To flexibly regulate their behavior, children’s ability to inhibit prepotent responses arises from cognitive and motor mechanisms that have an intertwined developmental trajectory. Subtle differences in planning and control can contribute to impulsive behaviors, which are common in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and difficult to be assessed and trained. We adapted a Go/No-Go task and employed a portable, low-cost kinematic sensor to explore the different strategies used by children with ADHD or typical development to provide a prepotent response (dominant condition) or inhibit the prepotent and select an alternative one (non-dominant condition). Although no group difference emerged on accuracy levels, the kinematic analysis of correct responses revealed that, unlike neurotypical children, those with ADHD did not show increased motor planning in non-dominant compared to dominant trials. Future studies should investigate whether motor control could help children with ADHD compensate for planning difficulties. This strategy might make inhibition harder in naturalistic situations that involve complex actions. Combining cognitive and kinematic measures is a potential innovative method for assessment and intervention of subtle differences in executive processes such as inhibition, going deeper than is possible based on accuracy outcomes alone
Educazione al terremoto. Esperienze e risultati del progetto EDURISK
Experiences and results of the EDURISK project: an educational project to seismic ris
Orientability and energy minimization in liquid crystal models
Uniaxial nematic liquid crystals are modelled in the Oseen-Frank theory
through a unit vector field . This theory has the apparent drawback that it
does not respect the head-to-tail symmetry in which should be equivalent to
-. This symmetry is preserved in the constrained Landau-de Gennes theory
that works with the tensor .We study
the differences and the overlaps between the two theories. These depend on the
regularity class used as well as on the topology of the underlying domain. We
show that for simply-connected domains and in the natural energy class
the two theories coincide, but otherwise there can be differences
between the two theories, which we identify. In the case of planar domains we
completely characterise the instances in which the predictions of the
constrained Landau-de Gennes theory differ from those of the Oseen-Frank
theory
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