Las ciencias del deporte y el ECSS: enfoques y retos

En el siguiente artículo se presenta una reflexión sistemática sobre las limitaciones y las posibilidades de diferentes enfoques de investigación en las ciencias del deporte. Ponemos especial atención en el objetivo y la misión del European College of Sport Science (ECSS) –Colegio Europeo de Ciencias del Deporte–.En el siguiente artículo se presenta una reflexión sistemática sobre las limitaciones y las posibilidades de diferentes enfoques de investigación en las ciencias del deporte. Ponemos especial atención en el objetivo y la misión del European College of Sport Science (ECSS) –Colegio Europeo de Ciencias del Deporte–

Groupwise evacuation with genetic algorithms

In a crisis situation on board a ship, it can be of the utmost importance to have the passengers safely evacuate to the lifeboats in an efficient manner. Existing methods such as marked escape routes, maps and so on are not optimal as pre-planned escape routes may become heavily congested by passengers. The closest lifeboat is not always feasible as lifeboat capacity can be exceeded. Considering that some evacuees are strongly affiliated and would like to evacuate together as a group, it all becomes a very difficult problem to solve. Sub-problems have been modelled, but no existing model combines all of these aspects into account. We proceed by modelling the area to be evacuated as a time-expanded graph, assuming that future development in hazard severity is known in the form of a survivability percentage for each node. Then we apply a multi-objective genetic algorithm with five different fitness functions that use heuristics to maximize overall survivability and reduce the total egress time if possible. A method has been developed to pick the best evacuation plan out of the pool of potential solutions returned by the genetic algorithm. The solution is compared with Dijkstra’s algorithm and randomly generated paths. Experiments are conducted using these algorithms for both predefined and randomly generated graphs using different parameters. In the tested random graph, the genetic algorithm gives on average 24% better survivability and 3 times better grouping Random algorithms. A fixed network with a known solution was solved 100%. This genetic algorithm can be used to generate better routing plans that utilizes multiple evacuation routes and lifeboats while taking into account groups, resulting in smoother evacuations which can save more lives

A vibration method for integrity monitoring of fixed offshore steel platforms

Summary available page 1-4

Principles of Stakes Fairness in Sport

Fairness in sport is not just about assigning the top prizes to the worthiest competitors. It is also about the way the prize structure itself is organised. For many sporting competitions, although it may be acceptable for winners to receive more than losers, it can seem unfair for winners to take everything and for losers to get nothing. Yet this insight leaves unanswered some difficult questions about what stakes fairness requires and which principles of stakes fairness are appropriate for particular competitions. In this article I specify a range of different principles of stakes fairness (ten in total) that could regulate sporting competitions. I also put forward a theoretical method for pairing up appropriate principles of stakes fairness with given sporting competitions. Specifically, I argue that the underlying rationales for holding sporting competitions can provide useful guides for identifying appropriate principles of stakes fairness. I then seek to clarify and work through some of the implications of this method for a sample of real world controversies over sporting prize structures. I also attempt to refine the method in response to two possible objections from indeterminacy and relativism. Finally, I compare and contrast my conclusions with more general philosophical debates about justice

Hvilke begrensninger setter lov om finansiell sikkerhetsstillelse § 5 annet ledd for omstøtelse av sikkerhetsstillelse etter dekningsloven § 5-7?

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Den rettskildemessige vekten av EFTA- domstolens rådgivende uttalelser i norsk rett - i lys av kravet om vesentlig vekt

Oppgavens tema er den rettskildemessige vekten av EFTA-domstolens rådgivende uttalelser i norsk rett. Problemstillingen er hvilken rettskildemessig vekt EFTA-domstolens uttalelser har i lys av kravet om «vesentlig vekt». Foreleggelsesordningen for EFTA-domstolen har to sider: Den første siden knytter seg til hvorvidt norske domstoler har en plikt til å forelegge et spørsmål for EFTA-domstolen. Den andre siden er hvordan norske domstoler forholder seg til den råd- givende uttalelsen som EFTA-domstolen har avsagt. Det er sistnevnte side ved foreleggelses- ordningen til EFTA-domstolen som er tema for oppgaven. Litt kort og enkelt sagt er dette i stor grad et spørsmål om nasjonal suverenitet på den ene siden, og virkningen av et overnasjonalt organs innflytelse på den andre siden.MasteroppgaveJUS399MAJUR-2MAJU

The ‘spirit of sport’, WADAs code review, and the search for an overlapping consensus

In this paper, we argue for the recognition that anti-doping is in itself first and foremost an ethical position. The current World Anti-doping Code formulation of ‘the spirit of sport’ is an acknowledgement of this point and a counterweight against scientific and technicist understandings of the nature of anti-doping itself. We critically review the Code formulations on ‘the spirit of sport’. Based on a theoretical background of various approaches to normative agreement and consensus in a setting of diversity of ‘comprehensive views’, we argue for revision of the Code. Specifically, we argue for a re-formulation of ‘the spirit of sport’ in terms of athlete protection and the preservation of the integrity of sporting competition that could meet requirements on an overlapping consensus among all WADA stakeholders. This is not just a matter of formality and Code acceptance. An overlapping consensus is not a mere modus vivendi but a normative consensus based on fair, honest, and transparent discourse in which participants deliberate in a setting of mutual respect and trust, and of ‘decency’, which is a basis for a consensus that cultivates authentic stakeholder commitment

Geolocalisation of athletes for out-of-competition drug testing: ethical considerations. Position statement by the WADA Ethics Panel

Through the widespread availability of location-identifying devices, geolocalisation could potentially be used to place athletes during out-of-competition testing. In light of this debate, the WADA Ethics Panel formulated the following questions: (1) should WADA and/or other sponsors consider funding such geolocalisation research projects?, (2) if successful, could they be proposed to athletes as a complementary device to Anti-Doping Administration and Management System to help geolocalisation and reduce the risk of missed tests? and (3) should such devices be offered on a voluntary basis, or is it conceivable that they would be made mandatory for all athletes in registered testing pools? In this position paper, the WADA Ethics Panel concludes that the use of geolocalisation could be useful in a research setting with the goal of understanding associations between genotype, phenotype and environment; however, it recognises that the use of geolocalisation as part of or as replacement of whereabouts rules is replete with ethical concerns. While benefits remain largely hypothetical and minimal, the potential invasion of privacy and the data security threats are real. Considering the impact on privacy, data security issues, the societal ramifications of offering such services and various pragmatic considerations, the WADA Ethics Panel concludes that at this time, the use of geolocalisation should neither be mandated as a tool for disclosing whereabouts nor implemented on a voluntary basis