Basic principles of tourist services market segmentation

Purpose: The main aim of the article is to identify the principles of tourist services for an effective segmentation using data from official primary and secondary bases. Design/Methodology/Approach: The authors have justified the importance of dividing potential tourists into homogenous groups (segments) in accordance with the general characteristic features of their demand. In that manner, according to the authors, a tourist product is provided with its target orientation as, on the one hand, it cannot meet the requirements of all tourists and on the other hand, a tourist company can concentrate their marketing efforts on the most perspective market segments rather than dissipate them. Findings: A definition of 'tourist service' has been made and its characteristic features have been described as well. Stages of segmenting starting from selection of criteria to determination of methods of work with the chosen segment have been identified and described. Practical implications: Identification of segments in tourism is mainly made based on their geographical, demographical, socio-economic, psychographic, behavior characteristics or their combinations. On the other hand, the authors stress on the fact that there is no universal segmentation approach and therefore, potential tourists can be classified based on other characteristics. Originality/Value: The conclusion that successful segmenting determines efficient operation of a tourist enterprise has been made.peer-reviewe

Recreation and terrain effect on the spatial variation of the apparent soil electrical conductivity in an urban park

Recreation is an important cultural ecosystem service and is able to significantly affect soil heterogeneity and vegetation func-tioning. This study investigated the role of the relief and tree stand density in the apparent soil electrical conductivity variation within an urban park. The most suitable variogram models were assessed to evaluate the autocorrelation of the regression models. The map of the spatial variability of apparent soil electrical conductivity was built on the basis of the most suitable variogram. The experimen-tal polygon was located in the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Dnipro City, Ukraine). The experi-mental polygon was formed by a quasi-regular grid of measurement locations located about 30 m apart. The measurements of the apparent electrical conductivity of the soil in situ were made in May 2018 at 163 points. On average, the value of soil apparent elec-tric conductivity within the investigated polygon was 0.55 dSm/m and varied within 0.17–1.10 dSm/m. Such environment predictors as tree stand density, relief altitude, topographic wetness index, and potential of relief to erosion were able to explain 48% of the observed variability of soil electrical conductivity. The relief altitude had the greatest influence on the variation of soil electrical con-ductivity, which was indicated with the highest values of beta regression coefficients. The most important trend of the electric con-ductivity variation was due to the influence of relief altitude and this dependence was nonlinear. The smallest values of the soil elec-trical conductivity were recorded in the highest and in lowest relief positions, and the largest values were detected in the relief slope. Recreational load can also be explained by the geomorphology predictors and tree stand density data. These predictors can explain 32% of the variation of recreational load. The variogram was built both for the soil apparent electrical conductivity dataset and for the residuals of the regression model. As a result of the procedure of the models’ selection on the basis of the AIC we obtained the best estimation of the variogram models parameters for the electrical conductivity and for the regression residuals of the electrical conduc-ti vity. The level of recreation was correlated statistically significantly with the apparent soil electrical conductivity. The residuals of regression models in which geomorphological indicators and tree stand density were used as predictors have a higher correlation level than the original variables. The soil electrical conductivity may be a sensitive indicator of the recreation loa

Modern Trends of Children’s Recreation System Development in Crimea

The system of children’s activities focused on socially important category of society – the younger generation, holds a special place in the tourist activity. Children’s leisure (tourism) involves traveling, involving school children, aged between 7 and 15 years with different goals. Among the objectives of such tourism we can mention treatment, health (rest), cognitive motives. As compared to 2010, in 2014 the number of institutions of rehabilitation and recreation decreased by 51,2 %, while the number of children staying in these institutions by 1 %. The largest number is concentrated in the Yalta and Simferopol regions – 42 and 41, respectively. In summer of 2014, 306 institutions of child care health and rest functioned. The number of children amounted to 104.5 thousand people. Day stay services were provided in 232 institutions using 19,4 thousand people (18,6 % total). Total rest, recreation and treatment in 2014 reached more than 127 thousand Crimean children, accounting for 74,86 % of the total number of children of the Republic of Crimea (rehabilitation – 73,6 thousand children, children’s activities – 53,3 thousands children), including about 50 thousand children of privileged categories, representing 56 % of the total. In Crimea, more than 39,6 thousand children from 68 regions of the Russian Federation and other states improved their health. In 2014 for rehabilitation and recreation of children of the Republic of Crimea in institutions of rehabilitation and recreation, as well as in children’s sanatoriums, it was planned to invest 880.319 million rubles. Possible strategies for the development of children’s activities require a clear distinction between child welfare and children’s holiday business holiday

MECHANISMS OF GRAMMATICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUPHEMISTIC MEANING

The relevance of the work has been determined by the necessity to study the features of derivative transformations that do not correspond to the ritually expected grammatical mechanisms (grammar mistakes (inconsistency)) of the euphemism explication in the language (in media discourse, in particular), which has a peculiar scientific appeal in the context of the analysis of the psycholinguistic factor (data collection), and also expands and deepens the existing linguistic concepts of the euphemism study. The purpose of the article is to describe some of the psycholinguistic features of the euphemism formation through combining or overlapping of semantic combinations of different types with various grammatical functionality. To achieve the set goal, we have used the following methods: the descriptive method with its inherent techniques of external and internal interpretation, which made it possible to reveal the structural and content-related signs of euphemism, to locate and systematize grammatically deviant constructions as one of the forms of semantic predication, ‘highlighting’ the speaker's intentions while exteriorizing euphemism; methods of complex and contextual-semantic analysis contributing to the study of euphemism formation in the aspect of textual environment and structuring. The findings of the conducted analysis reveal that the formation of a euphemism, which is a product of linguistic adaptation in society, is limited by the adaptive behavior of interlocutors, which can be traced at the stage of the formation of an unfinished proposition, where the compilation of different types of meanings into the form of cognitive singularity, which is necessary for the emergence of a euphemistic meaning, is obvious. Conclusion. In the context of communicative cooperation, there occurs assimilation of social-cognitive and linguistic processes, expressed at the syntactic level in the speaker's choice to sacrifice the principles of grammatical accuracy in favor of semantic efficiency, which is objectified by grammatical inaccuracy on the one hand and the only correct psycholinguistic decision on the other