Schnittgutabfuhr oder Gründüngung? Auswirkung der Kleegras-Nutzung auf Nitrat im Sickerwasser und Folgefrüchte

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of different management systems of grass-clover (various cutting and/or mulching combinations) and date of ploughing (autumn or spring) on the fate of nitrogen (N) and the yield of succeeding wheat. The 3-cut system resulted in nitrate losses below the limit of the EC Nitrate Directive (91/676/EEC), even with ploughing in autumn. When ploughed in spring, treatments with frequent cutting and/or mulching induced nitrate leaching below the critical value. In contrast, losses from swards mulched only once were considerably above the threshold value, independently of ploughing time. With swards mulched and ploughed in autumn, nitrate concentrations exceed the EC-limit. The management of grass-clover swards did not affect the yield of wheat, whereas ploughing in autumn increased the yield. It is concluded, that appropriate grass-clover management and date of ploughing can reduce N-leaching, even in stockless farms

Einfluss der Kleegrasnutzung auf die N-Versorgung und Ertragsleistung marktfähiger Folgefrüchte unter Berücksichtigung einer variierten organischen Düngung

Trotz nur geringer Auswirkung der untersuchten Kleegras-Nutzungsformen auf die Folgefrucht-Ertragsleistung zeigt sich die Kleegras-„Mischnutzung“ (kombiniert aus Schnitt- und Mulchvorgängen)insgesamt als interessanteste Kleegras-Nutzungsvariante. Die Getreideertragsleistung nach Kleegras-Mischnutzung ist gleich dem Niveau nach Grünbrache, und fällt damit höher aus, als nach ausschließlich schnittgenutztem Kleegras. Unter `Mischnutzung` wird in der Sickerwasserperiode eine signifikant geringere N-Auswaschung ermittelt als unter Grünbrache, und die Bereitstellung von Wirtschaftsdünger zur Ertrags- und Qualitätssteigerung innerhalb der Fruchtfolge ermöglicht. Unabhängig von der Kleegras-Nutzungsform führt ein Frühjahrsumbruch im Vergleich zum Herbstumbruch zu einem geringeren N-Verlust durch Auswaschung

Разработка и исследование асинхронного электропривода с наблюдателем состояния

Выпускная квалификационная работа 109 с., 35 рис., 18 табл., 47 источников, 5 прил. Объектом исследования является дискретная математическая модель наблюдателя состояния полного порядка асинхронного двигателя. Цель работы – Разработка и исследование асинхронного электропривода с наблюдателем состояния В процессе исследования проводилось имитационное моделирование разработанной дискретной математической модели асинхронного двигателя и разработанной дискретной математической модели наблюдателя состояния полного порядкаFinal qualifying work 109 p., 35 fig., 18 tab., 47 sources, 5 adj. The object of research is a discrete mathematical model of the observer status of full order of the induction motor. Objective - Development and research of the asynchronous electric drive with observer status The study was conducted simulations developed discrete mathematical model of the induction motor and the developed mathematical model of discrete observer of full order stat

Characterization of different CTC subpopulations in non-small cell lung cancer

Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) serve as valuable biomarkers. However, EpCAM positive CTCs are less frequently detected in NSCLC patients compared to other epithelial tumours. First, EpCAM protein expression was analysed in primary and metastatic lung cancer tissue. In both groups 21% of the samples were EpCAM negative. Second, the CellSearch system identified 15% of patients (n = 48) as CTC positive whereas a multiplex RT-PCR for PIK3CA, AKT2, TWIST, and ALDH1 following EGFR, HER2 and EpCAM based enrichment detected CTCs in 29% of the patients. Interestingly, 86% of CTC positive patients were found to express ALDH1. Only 11% of the patients were CTC-positive by both techniques. CTC positivity was associated with patient disease state when assessed by the multiplex RT-PCR assay (p = 0.015). Patients harbouring tumours with an altered EGFR genotype were more frequently CTC-positive compared to patients with EGFR wildtype tumours. In subsets of patients, CTCs were found to express genes involved in resistance to therapy such as HER3 and MET. In conclusion, using multiple targets for CTC capture and identification increases the sensitivity of CTC detection in NSCLC patients, which can be explained by the presence of different CTC subtypes with distinct molecular features

Detection and Monitoring of Tumor-Derived Mutations in Circulating Tumor DNA Using the UltraSEEK Lung Panel on the MassARRAY System in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a potential minimally invasive molecular tool to guide treatment decision-making and disease monitoring. A suitable diagnostic-grade platform is required for the detection of tumor-specific mutations with high sensitivity in the circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) of cancer patients. In this multicenter study, the ccfDNA of 72 patients treated for advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was evaluated using the UltraSEEK ® Lung Panel on the MassARRAY ® System, covering 73 hotspot mutations in EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ERBB2, and PIK3CA against mutation-specific droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and routine tumor tissue NGS. Variant detection accuracy at primary diagnosis and during disease progression, and ctDNA dynamics as a marker of treatment efficacy, were analyzed. A multicenter evaluation using reference material demonstrated an overall detection rate of over 90% for variant allele frequencies (VAFs) &gt; 0.5%, irrespective of ccfDNA input. A comparison of UltraSEEK ® and ddPCR analyses revealed a 90% concordance. An 80% concordance between therapeutically targetable mutations detected in tumor tissue NGS and ccfDNA UltraSEEK ® analysis at baseline was observed. Nine of 84 (11%) tumor tissue mutations were not covered by UltraSEEK ®. A decrease in ctDNA levels at 4-6 weeks after treatment initiation detected with UltraSEEK ® correlated with prolonged median PFS (46 vs. 6 weeks; p &lt; 0.05) and OS (145 vs. 30 weeks; p &lt; 0.01). Using plasma-derived ccfDNA, the UltraSEEK ® Lung Panel with a mid-density set of the most common predictive markers for NSCLC is an alternative tool to detect mutations both at diagnosis and during disease progression and to monitor treatment response. </p

Author Correction: Deficiency of Axl aggravates pulmonary arterial hypertension via BMPR2.

Abstract: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), is a fatal disease characterized by a pseudo-malignant phenotype. We investigated the expression and the role of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl in experimental (i.e., monocrotaline and Su5416/hypoxia treated rats) and clinical PAH. In vitro Axl inhibition by R428 and Axl knock-down inhibited growth factor-driven proliferation and migration of non-PAH and PAH PASMCs. Conversely, Axl overexpression conferred a growth advantage. Axl declined in PAECs of PAH patients. Axl blockage inhibited BMP9 signaling and increased PAEC apoptosis, while BMP9 induced Axl phosphorylation. Gas6 induced SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation and ID1/ID2 increase were blunted by BMP signaling obstruction. Axl association with BMPR2 was facilitated by Gas6/BMP9 stimulation and diminished by R428. In vivo R428 aggravated right ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, abrogated BMPR2 signaling, elevated pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis and loss. Together, Axl is a key regulator of endothelial BMPR2 signaling and potential determinant of PAH

Phenotypic Detection of Clonotypic B Cells in Multiple Myeloma by Specific Immunoglobulin Ligands Reveals their Rarity in Multiple Myeloma

In multiple myeloma, circulating “clonotypic” B cells, that express the immunoglobulin rearrangement of the malignant plasma cell clone, can be indirectly detected by PCR. Their role as potential “feeder” cells for the malignant plasma cell pool remains controversial. Here we established for the first time an approach that allows direct tracking of such clonotypic cells by labeling with patient-specific immunoglobulin ligands in 15 patients with myeloma. Fifty percent of patients showed evidence of clonotypic B cells in blood or bone marrow by PCR. Epitope-mimicking peptides from random libraries were selected on each patient's individual immunoglobulin and used as ligands to trace cells expressing the idiotypic immunoglobulin on their surface. We established a flow cytometry and immunofluorescence protocol to track clonotypic B cells and validated it in two independent monoclonal B cell systems. Using this method, we found clonotypic B cells in only one out of 15 myeloma patients. In view of the assay's validated sensitivity level of 10−3, this surprising data suggests that the abundance of such cells has been vastly overestimated in the past and that they apparently represent a very rare population in myeloma. Our novel tracing approach may open perspectives to isolate and analyze clonotypic B cells and determine their role in myeloma pathobiology

Leguminosenanbau richtig machen

Durch die Fähigkeit Luftstickstoff (N2) biologisch binden zu können, stellen Leguminosen die wichtigste Stickstoffquelle im Ökologischen Landbau dar. Desweiteren liefern Leguminosen je nach Art und Nutzung große Mengen an Ernterückständen, die zur Humusbildung im Boden beitragen können. Die Planung von Fruchtfolgen erfordert eine Möglichst genaue Abschätzung des Stickstoffeintrages durch Leguminosenanbau sowie der Verfügbarkeit dieses Stickstoffs für die Folgefrüchte. Der Beitrag enthält eine Übersicht der Ergebnisse der in den letzten zehn Jahren an der Universität Kiel durchgeführten Feldversuche, die sich mit den pflanzenbaulichen Steuermöglichkeiten der N2-Fixierung, der Ertragsleistung sowie der Lieferung von N bzw. organischer Masse in Form der Leguminosenernterückstände befassten. Betrachtet werden folgende wichtige pflanzenbauliche Steuergrößen: - Nutzungsverfahren (Gründüngungs-, Weide-, Schnitt- bzw. Körnernutzung), - Leguminosenart (Leguminosenarten des Futterbaus bzw. Körnerleguminosenarten) - Zusammensetzung der Saatmischung (Leguminosenreinsaaten bzw. Gemenge) - Art des Gemengepartners (Gras- bzw. Getreidearten) - Ansaatverfahren (Blanksaat bzw. Untersaat), - Nutzungsdauer (einjährig, überjährig, mehrjährig) - Nutzungshäufigkeit (Anzahl Mulch- bzw. Silageschnitte)

Mechanisms of Resistance to Anti-Angiogenic Therapy and Development of Third-Generation Anti-Angiogenic Drug Candidates

The concept of inhibiting tumor neovessels has taken the hurdle from the bench to the bedside and now represents an extra pillar of anticancer treatment. So far, anti-angiogenic therapy prolongs survival in the order of months in some settings while failing to induce a survival benefit in others, in part because of intrinsic refractoriness or evasive escape. This review provides an update on recent mechanisms via which tumor and stromal cells induce resistance and discusses recent evolutions in the (pre)clinical development of novel third-generation anti-angiogenic agents to overcome this problem