Vector Representation for Sub-Graph Encoding to Resolve Entities

AbstractEntity Resolution, i.e., determining whether two mentions refer to the same entity, is a crucial step in combining evidence from multiple sources, and is a problem encountered in a wide-range of areas, from modeling causes of cancer to identifying terrorist networks. Entity mentions are represented by attributes and relations to other entities. However, entity attributes and relations from different sources often use different names and specify relationships differently, which leads to low entity resolution precision and recall. Our contribution is based on our observation that relationships are more reliable than attributes when comparison is based on relational similarity, not exact matches. Traditional graph comparison techniques rely on finding precise matches of a significant part of the graph structure, and require custom comparison functions for every type of attribute and every type of relation. This leads to a system that is difficult to maintain and enhance. We encode entity nodes and their graph neighborhoods in semantic vectors, efficiently indexing the vectors, and calculating vector similarity. Our approach is insensitive to small variations in relational graph representation. Our approach uses simple vector addition, permutation, and difference only, leading to reduced computational complexity. Our preliminary experiment shows 83.05% accuracy

Le suivi simple de la force musculaire inspiratoire des pathologies neuromusculaires peut-il utiliser une seule technique de mesure ?

CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

L'insuffisance respiratoire au cours des maladies neuromusculaires (de l'approche conventionnelle aux relations respiration/déglutition et à leurs conséquences biotechnologiques)

La prise en charge des pathologies neuromusculaires, en ce qui concerne l insuffisance respiratoire secondaire, s est considérablement modifiée ces dernières années avec la démocratisation de la ventilation mécanique au long cours. Parallèlement ont émergé des complications alors jusque là secondaires . La compréhension physiopathologique, l évaluation et le suivi de celles-ci sont désormais incontournables. L atteinte des muscles inspiratoires s accompagnent d une atteinte d autres fonctions physiologiques, telle la déglutition. Nous nous sommes attachés à démontrer le lien qu il existait entre l atteinte inspiratoire et les troubles de déglutition. L évaluation des interactions entre la respiration et la déglutition nous a permis de mettre en évidence une relation étroite, et d évaluer l impact d un support ventilatoire au cours de la déglutition. Celui-ci améliore les performances physiologiques de différents paramètres de la déglutition en ventilation invasive et en non invasive (VNI). Cependant un certain nombre de questionnements restent actuellement posés notamment en VNI. De nouvelles études, le développement de nouvelles technologies restent à évaluer.Survival in patients with neuromuscular disease has improved, considerably, in recent years as a result of changes in the management of respiratory failure. However, the patients experience new physical disabilities and dependence on care with advancing disease. Understanding pathophysiology, evaluation and monitoring of these are essential. Impairment of inspiratory muscle strength is often accompanied by impairment of other physiological functions, such as swallowing. We are interested to demonstrate the link between these two physiological functions. The evaluation of the interaction between breathing and swallowing allowed us to demonstrate a close relationship and to assess the impact of ventilatory support during swallowing. This improves the performance of various physiological parameters of swallowing in invasive ventilation and non-invasive (NIV). However a number of questions remained unresolved notably concerning the impact of NIV on swallowing performance. Our studies are probably first step and new studies, developing new technologies are needed in order to confirm our findings and improve management of the patients.VERSAILLES-BU Sciences et IUT (786462101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Mouth and Nasal Inspiratory Pressure: Learning Effect and Reproducibility in Healthy Adults

International audienc

High parasternal intercostal muscle thickening prior to intubation in COVID-19 infection

International audienceAcute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) is a major complication of COVID-19 pneumonia and parasternal intercostal muscle thickening may be used as a biomarker to assess inspiratory effort. We report the case of a high utilization of parasternal intercostal muscle prior to the introduction of invasive ventilation in a 66-year old male none vaccinated COVID -19 patient admitted in hospital because of AHRF

Physiological comparison of breathing patterns with neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) and pressure-support ventilation to improve NAVA settings.

International audience: Neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA) assists spontaneous breathing in proportion to diaphragmatic electrical activity (EAdi). Here, we evaluate the effects of various levels of NAVA and PSV on the breathing pattern and, thereby, on [Formula: see text] homeostasis in 10 healthy volunteers. For each ventilation mode, four levels of support (delivered pressure 0 i.e. baseline, 5, 8, and 10cmH2O) were tested in random order. EAdi, flow, and airway pressure were recorded. Optoelectronic plethysmography was used to study lung volume distribution. During both PSV and NAVA, EAdi decreased with the level of assistance (P<0.01). Tidal volume (VT) increased and [Formula: see text] decreased with increased levels of PSV (P=0.044 and P=0.0004; respectively) while no change was observed with NAVA. Subject-ventilator synchronization was better with NAVA than with PSV. NAVA and PSV similarly decreased the abdominal contribution to VT. No airflow profile similarities were observed between baseline and mechanical ventilation. Diaphragmatic activity can decrease during NAVA without any change in VT and [Formula: see text] . This suggests that NAVA adjustment cannot be based solely on VT and [Formula: see text] criteria. Registered by Frédéric Lofaso and Nicolas Terzi on ClinicalTrials.gov, #NCT01614873

Transcranial direct-current stimulation reduced the excitability of diaphragmatic corticospinal pathways whatever the polarity used.

International audienceWe investigated effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on the diaphragmatic corticospinal pathways in healthy human. Anodal, cathodal, and sham tDCS were randomly applied upon the left diaphragmatic motor cortex in twelve healthy right-handed men. Corticospinal pathways excitability was assessed by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicited motor-evoked-potential (MEP). For each tDCS condition, MEPs were recorded before (Pre) tDCS then after 10 min (Post1, at tDCS discontinuation in the anodal and cathodal sessions) and 20 min (Post2). As result, both anodal and cathodal tDCS significantly decreased MEP amplitude of the right hemidiaphragm at both Post1 and Post2, versus Pre. MEP amplitude was unchanged versus Pre during the sham condition. The effects of cathodal and anodal tDCS applied to the diaphragm motor cortex differ from those observed during tDCS of the limb motor cortex. These differences may be related to specific characteristics of the diaphragmatic corticospinal pathways as well as to the diaphragm's functional peculiarities compared with the limb muscles

Superiority of transcutaneous CO2 over end-tidal CO2 measurement for monitoring respiratory failure in nonintubated patients: A pilot study

International audiencePurposeArterial blood gas measurement is frequently performed in critically ill patients to diagnose and monitor acute respiratory failure. At a given metabolic rate, carbon dioxide partial pressure (Paco2) is entirely determined by CO2 elimination through ventilation. Transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) monitoring permits a noninvasive and continuous estimation of arterial CO2 tension (Paco2). The accuracy of PtcCO2, however, has not been well studied.To assess the accuracy of different CO2 monitoring methods, we compared PtcCO2 and end-tidal CO2 concentration (EtCO2) to Paco2 measurements in nonintubated intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute respiratory failure.MethodsDuring a 2-month period, we conducted a prospective observational cohort study in 25 consecutive nonintubated and spontaneously breathing patients admitted to our ICU. Arterial blood gases were measured at study inclusion, 30, 60, and 120 minutes later. At each sampling time, EtCO2 was continuously monitored using a Philips Smart Capnoline Plus, and PtcCO2 was measured using was measured using SenTec device. The aim of the study was to assess agreement between PtcCO2 and Paco2 and between EtCO2 and Paco2 in nonintubated ICU patients with acute respiratory failure. Bland-Altman techniques and Pearson correlation coefficients were used. The differences over time (at 30, 60, and 120 minutes) between Paco2 and EtCO2 and between PtcCO2 and Paco2 were evaluated using 1-way analysis of variance.ResultsTranscutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide and Paco2 were well correlated (R = 0.97), whereas the correlation between EtCO2 and Paco2 was poor (R = 0.62) probably due to the presence of an alveolar dead space in a few patients, most notably in the group with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The difference over time remained stable for both Paco2 vs EtCO2 (analysis of variance; P = .88) and Paco2 vs PtcCO2 (P = .93).ConclusionWe found large differences between EtCO2 and Paco2 in spontaneously breathing nonintubated ICU patients admitted for acute respiratory failure. Our study argues against the use of EtCO2 monitoring in such patients but raises the possibility that PtcCO2 measurement may provide reasonable estimates of Paco2

Evaluation of the trachea and intrathoracic airways by the acoustic reflection method in children with cystic fibrosis

International audienceTracheomalacia has been observed in older patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The acoustic reflection method (ARM) allows a noninvasive calculation of the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the trachea (MTAv) and the airway resistance (Raw). ARM measurements were performed in 20 CF children and 20 controls during spontaneous breathing (SB), forced inspiration (FI), and forced expiration (FE). The mean MTAv value was comparable in the CF patients and the control subjects during SB, FI, and FE. The Raw was also comparable during SB and FI. However, the Raw during FE was higher in the CF patients than in the control subjects (7.9 +/- 2.3 vs 5.0 +/- 1.5 cmH(2)Ol(-1) s(-1), respectively, p < 0.001). In the patients with CF, only the Raw during FE correlated with the predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (R-2 = 0.37, p = 0.04). The tracheal cross-sectional area measured by the ARM is normal in children with CF but the increase in Raw during FE suggests an increase in intrathoracic airway distensibility

Impact of tracheostomy on swallowing performance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.: Swallowing and Tracheostomy in DMD

International audienceMechanical ventilation has improved survival in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Over time, these patients experience upper airway dysfunction, swallowing impairments, and dependency on the ventilator that may require invasive mechanical ventilation via a tracheostomy. Tracheostomy is traditionally believed to further impair swallowing. We assessed swallowing performance and breathing-swallowing interactions before and after tracheostomy in 7 consecutive wheelchair-bound DMD patients, aged 25+/-4 years, over a 4-year period. Chin electromyography, laryngeal motion, and inductive respiratory plethysmography recordings were obtained during swallowing of three water-bolus sizes in random order. Piecemeal deglutition occurred in all patients over several breathing cycles. Half the swallows were followed by inspiration before tracheostomy. Total bolus swallowing time was significantly shorter (P=0.009), and the number of swallows per bolus significantly smaller (P=0.01), after than before tracheostomy. Invasive ventilation via a tracheostomy may improve swallowing