An Application of Topaz to Leeds.

This paper is concerned with work undertaken for the International Study Group on Land Use Transport Interaction (ISGLUTI) which is coordinated by the Transport and Road Research Laboratory. In Phase I of the study computer models which represent the interaction between transport and land use have been used to examine the effects of an agreed set of policies. While this has produced interesting results, the models were applied to different study areas, and this made it difficult to distinguish between the effects of different model formulations and the effects of the study areas themselves. Therefore, in Phase II of the study, models and data sets are being exchanged so that results from a number of models applied to the same study area can be compared. This paper describes one contribution to this part of the study in which the TOPAZ model developed at CSIRO in Australia has been applied with data from Leeds. This makes possible comparisons with results from the LILT model (Mackett, 1979) which has been extensively applied to Leeds. In Section 2 the TOPAZ model is described briefly. This is followed by a discussion of the data used in the application to Leeds. Section 4 describes the results of running the model with this data. Section 5 presents the results of varying certain inputs of the model in order to examine its sensitivity to such changes. In Section 6 the effects of the application of some of the policy tests devised for ISGLUTI are considered in relation to a base run of the model. The results from TOPAZ are also compared with those from the LILT model. The final section draws some conclusions from this work

Interval linear systems as a necessary step in fuzzy linear systems

International audienceThis article clarifies what it means to solve a system of fuzzy linear equations, relying on the fact that they are a direct extension of interval linear systems of equations, already studied in a specific interval mathematics literature. We highlight four distinct definitions of a systems of linear equations where coefficients are replaced by intervals, each of which based on a generalization of scalar equality to intervals. Each of the four extensions of interval linear systems has a corresponding solution set whose calculation can be carried out by a general unified method based on a relatively new concept of constraint intervals. We also consider the smallest multidimensional intervals containing the solution sets. We propose several extensions of the interval setting to systems of linear equations where coefficients are fuzzy intervals. This unified setting clarifies many of the anomalous or inconsistent published results in various fuzzy interval linear systems studies

Development and application of operational techniques for the inventory and monitoring of resources and uses for the Texas coastal zone

The author has identified the following significant results. The most significant ADP result was the modification of the DAM package to produce classified printouts, scaled and registered to U.S.G.S., 71/2 minute topographic maps from LARSYS-type classification files. With this modification, all the powerful scaling and registration capabilities of DAM become available for multiclass classification files. The most significant results with respect to image interpretation were the application of mapping techniques to a new, more complex area, and the refinement of an image interpretation procedure which should yield the best results

A hafted halberd excavated at Trecastell, Powys: from undercurrent to uptake – the emergence and contextualisation of halberds in Wales and North-west Europe

Excavations at Trecastell, Powys, south Wales, in 2007 yielded a copper halberd complete with its haft-grip. This has major implications for the mode of hafting halberds, but the discovery has also prompted a reconsideration of insular halberds in their north-west European context. Understanding the relationships between different types of halberd and different regional groups continues to be hampered by the dearth of good dating evidence, but the creation of better classifications for British and Irish weapons and new radiocarbon dates on two examples, one being Trecastell, have allowed a new developmental scheme to be advanced.The emergence of metal-headed halberds is considered more generally. While it is acknowledged that halberd-like implements pre-existed in other materials in some parts of Europe, it is argued that the appearance of metal-headed halberds depended on the transmission of a particular set of metallurgical and related skills. A new model for the vigorous uptake of halberds on a regional basis helps explain the patchiness and anachronism of halberd hotspots.The Trecastell halberd adds to one of the significant concentrations of the weapon type in Britain and prompts a more general review of the earliest metalwork from Wales and the Marches. For the Chalcolithic, halberds are instrumental in identifying a major contrast in depositional behaviour; this contrast dissolves at the beginning of the Early Bronze Age when a ‘new deposition ground’ is established. The former is attributed to the existence of a regional group across much of the region for whom the halberd served as a cultural icon, while the latter may relate to the demise of this enshrined value for the halberd.</jats:p

Review of Protecting Your Library\u27s Digital Sources: The Essential Guide to Planning and Preservation

Review of Protecting Your Library\u27s Digital Sources: The Essential Guide to Planning and Preservatio