18 research outputs found
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Energetic particle influence on the Earth's atmosphere
This manuscript gives an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the effects of energetic particle precipitation (EPP) onto the whole atmosphere, from the lower thermosphere/mesosphere through the stratosphere and troposphere, to the surface. The paper summarizes the different sources and energies of particles, principally
galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), solar energetic particles (SEPs) and energetic electron precipitation (EEP). All the proposed mechanisms by which EPP can affect the atmosphere
are discussed, including chemical changes in the upper atmosphere and lower thermosphere, chemistry-dynamics feedbacks, the global electric circuit and cloud formation. The role of energetic particles in Earthâs atmosphere is a multi-disciplinary problem that requires expertise from a range of scientific backgrounds. To assist with this synergy, summary tables are provided, which are intended to evaluate the level of current knowledge of the effects of energetic particles on processes in the entire atmosphere
Giljanskij Jazyk
This is a translation of the original book entitled: Giljanskij Jazyk. It includes an additional appendix containing an interlinearized version of the Gilaki texts. English translation editing and expanded content by Ronald M. Lockwood Original Abstract This monograph presents a description of one of the insufficiently explored Iranian languages widespread in the Northern part of Iran (in the province of Gilan). A description of the phonetic and grammatical system of the Gilaki language is given therein. Texts (examples of conversational language and connected narrative) taken down by Gilaki authors now in the USSR are the basis of the grammatical analysis. At the end of the work the Gilaki texts and their translations into Russian are added. Ronald M. Lockwood's foreword Seeing that this book was a significant work on the Gilaki language, some years ago I sought to have it translated to English. I recognized the high quality of the research and believed the work to be one of the best of its kind on the subject. I undertook a complete reformatting and editing of the book so that it could be made available to the linguistic community. I decided to also undertake the task of interlinearizing all of the texts included in this work. In appendix A you will find the original Gilaki texts with the free translation immediately below each sentence. This differs from the original book in which each Gilaki text was followed by a free translation text. The free translation line is an English translation of the original Russian free translation. In appendix B you will find an interlinearized version of the texts. Three lines are provided; the vernacular divided into morphemes, the corresponding English glosses for the vernacular morphemes and a free translation line. In appendix B the English free translation has been revised as necessary to give a more accurate English free translation of the Gilaki vernacular. The body of the book has been reformatted to make it easier to read. Sections and subsections have been added. Example sentences have been formatted and listed as numbered examples. Numbered tables and figures have also been included. Note that for some example sentences no reference is given. This is because the sentence is not from the texts included in the appendices. In the online version of this book, I added extensive linking between the examples and the texts. The user can click on an exampleâs reference and be taken to the text containing that example in appendix A. From appendix A the user can click to see the corresponding interlinear example in appendix B. All of the language and gloss data has been color coded.
Giljanskij Jazyk
This is a translation of the original book entitled: Giljanskij Jazyk. It includes an additional appendix containing an interlinearized version of the Gilaki texts. English translation editing and expanded content by Ronald M. Lockwood Original Abstract This monograph presents a description of one of the insufficiently explored Iranian languages widespread in the Northern part of Iran (in the province of Gilan). A description of the phonetic and grammatical system of the Gilaki language is given therein. Texts (examples of conversational language and connected narrative) taken down by Gilaki authors now in the USSR are the basis of the grammatical analysis. At the end of the work the Gilaki texts and their translations into Russian are added. Ronald M. Lockwood's foreword Seeing that this book was a significant work on the Gilaki language, some years ago I sought to have it translated to English. I recognized the high quality of the research and believed the work to be one of the best of its kind on the subject. I undertook a complete reformatting and editing of the book so that it could be made available to the linguistic community. I decided to also undertake the task of interlinearizing all of the texts included in this work. In appendix A you will find the original Gilaki texts with the free translation immediately below each sentence. This differs from the original book in which each Gilaki text was followed by a free translation text. The free translation line is an English translation of the original Russian free translation. In appendix B you will find an interlinearized version of the texts. Three lines are provided; the vernacular divided into morphemes, the corresponding English glosses for the vernacular morphemes and a free translation line. In appendix B the English free translation has been revised as necessary to give a more accurate English free translation of the Gilaki vernacular. The body of the book has been reformatted to make it easier to read. Sections and subsections have been added. Example sentences have been formatted and listed as numbered examples. Numbered tables and figures have also been included. Note that for some example sentences no reference is given. This is because the sentence is not from the texts included in the appendices. In the online version of this book, I added extensive linking between the examples and the texts. The user can click on an exampleâs reference and be taken to the text containing that example in appendix A. From appendix A the user can click to see the corresponding interlinear example in appendix B. All of the language and gloss data has been color coded.
Giljanskij Jazyk
This is a translation of the original book entitled: Giljanskij Jazyk. It includes an additional appendix containing an interlinearized version of the Gilaki texts. English translation editing and expanded content by Ronald M. Lockwood Original Abstract This monograph presents a description of one of the insufficiently explored Iranian languages widespread in the Northern part of Iran (in the province of Gilan). A description of the phonetic and grammatical system of the Gilaki language is given therein. Texts (examples of conversational language and connected narrative) taken down by Gilaki authors now in the USSR are the basis of the grammatical analysis. At the end of the work the Gilaki texts and their translations into Russian are added. Ronald M. Lockwood's foreword Seeing that this book was a significant work on the Gilaki language, some years ago I sought to have it translated to English. I recognized the high quality of the research and believed the work to be one of the best of its kind on the subject. I undertook a complete reformatting and editing of the book so that it could be made available to the linguistic community. I decided to also undertake the task of interlinearizing all of the texts included in this work. In appendix A you will find the original Gilaki texts with the free translation immediately below each sentence. This differs from the original book in which each Gilaki text was followed by a free translation text. The free translation line is an English translation of the original Russian free translation. In appendix B you will find an interlinearized version of the texts. Three lines are provided; the vernacular divided into morphemes, the corresponding English glosses for the vernacular morphemes and a free translation line. In appendix B the English free translation has been revised as necessary to give a more accurate English free translation of the Gilaki vernacular. The body of the book has been reformatted to make it easier to read. Sections and subsections have been added. Example sentences have been formatted and listed as numbered examples. Numbered tables and figures have also been included. Note that for some example sentences no reference is given. This is because the sentence is not from the texts included in the appendices. In the online version of this book, I added extensive linking between the examples and the texts. The user can click on an exampleâs reference and be taken to the text containing that example in appendix A. From appendix A the user can click to see the corresponding interlinear example in appendix B. All of the language and gloss data has been color coded.
Assessment of apathy in neurological patients using the Apathy Motivation Index caregiver version
The Examination of Path Model Among Neuroticism, State Anxiety, Self-efficacy, and Career Exploration BehaviorïŒBased on the Regulatory Focus Theory
The Contribution of Women Entrepreneurs to the Local Economy in Small Islands: Seaplant-Based Micro-Enterprise in Fiji and Vanuatu
Clinico-pathological features of erythema nodosum leprosum: A case-control study at ALERT hospital, Ethiopia
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Large-scale fields and flows in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system
Advances in our understanding of the large-scale electric and magnetic fields in the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere system are reviewed. The literature appearing in the period January 1991âJune 1993 is sorted into 8 general areas of study. The phenomenon of substorms receives the most attention in this literature, with the location of onset being the single most discussed issue. However, if the magnetic topology in substorm phases was widely debated, less attention was paid to the relationship of convection to the substorm cycle. A significantly new consensus view of substorm expansion and recovery phases emerged, which was termed the âKiruna Conjectureâ after the conference at which it gained widespread acceptance. The second largest area of interest was dayside transient events, both near the magnetopause and the ionosphere. It became apparent that these phenomena include at least two classes of events, probably due to transient reconnection bursts and sudden solar wind dynamic pressure changes. The contribution of both types of event to convection is controversial. The realisation that induction effects decouple electric fields in the magnetosphere and ionosphere, on time scales shorter than several substorm cycles, calls for broadening of the range of measurement techniques in both the ionosphere and at the magnetopause. Several new techniques were introduced including ionospheric observations which yield reconnection rate as a function of time. The magnetospheric and ionospheric behaviour due to various quasi-steady interplanetary conditions was studied using magnetic cloud events. For northward IMF conditions, reverse convection in the polar cap was found to be predominantly a summer hemisphere phenomenon and even for extremely rare prolonged southward IMF conditions, the magnetosphere was observed to oscillate through various substorm cycles rather than forming a steady-state convection bay